• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2024

Objectives: Methotrexate (MTX), an immunosuppressant and anti-cancer medication, can harm the heart. The goal of the current investigation was to assess the cardiotoxicity caused by MTX and the potential cardioprotective properties of silymarin, citral, and thymoquinone as antioxidants. Methods: Forty-eight rats were divided into six groups, which included control, MTX, cosolvent, citral, thymoquinone, and silymarin groups. At the end of the study, the rats were anesthetized (ketamine and xylazine) and killed using CO2. Their blood samples were collected to measure the enzymatic activities of creatine kinase-myoglobin binding (CK-MB), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Also, the heart tissue was sampled to determine the antioxidant capacity and examine the histopathology. Results: The findings revealed that the activity of CPK, CK-MB, and LDH enzymes significantly reduced in the thymoquinone treatment group compared to the MTX group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the thymoquinone group compared to the MTX group (p < 0.05). The pathological modifications (i.e. severe congestion, edema fluid, the presence of inflammatory cells around the blood vessels, mild to moderate hemorrhaging between cardiac muscle fibers) were seen in the MTX group. The treatment groups, particularly thymoquinone, did not experience any appreciable pathological changes. Conclusion: The thymoquinone was found to have the strongest protective effect against the heart damage caused by MTX.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.256-270
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• 2024

The antidepressant drug trazodone (TRZ) is commonly used for treating depression, anxiety, and insomnia, however, it causes cardiotoxicity, which is one of its limitations. The objective of this work was to investigate the impact of sage (Salvia officinalis) in rats against cardiotoxicity induced by TRZ and to investigate the mechanisms involved in its cardio-protective properties through autophagy and oxidative stress. Fifty male albino rats were split randomly into five experimental groups: control group, sage oil group (100 mg/kg), TRZ group (20 mg/kg), protective group, and curative group. Cardiac function biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB], and cardiac troponin T [cTnI]) were assessed in serum. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in cardiac tissue (total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were evaluated. Heart tissues were subjected to histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural evaluations. DNA damage also evaluated. Significant rise in the levels of AST, CK-MB, and cTnI were observed with enhanced autophagy along with marked histopathological changes in the form of interrupted muscle fibers with wide interstitial spaces with areas of hemorrhage and extravasated blood and interstitial mononuclear cellular infiltration in TRZ group. DNA damage was also significantly increased in TRZ group. However, administration of sage in both protective and curative groups show marked improvement of the cardiac alterations. In conclusion, sage ameliorated the alterations in the heart induced by trazadone through modulation of autophagy and oxidative stress.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2006

We evaluated therapeutic and preventive properties of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a weak androgenic steroid, against isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy. The cardiomyopathy was induced by daily i.p. administration of isoproterenol to rats for five days. One group of rats were given with daily s.c. for 5 days during isoproterenol and the other group with daily s.c. DHEA for total 10 days, including 5 days before and during isoproterenol. The animals were killed after each treatment, and cardiac muscle failure was evaluated using histopathologic examination and biochemical indices. DHEA was found to reduce the damaged area and inhibit the elevation in the serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), skeletal muscle creatine kinase (CK) and heart creatine kinase (CK-MB) induced by isoproterenol. We also assayed widely used oxidative stress parameters, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathion peroxidase (GPx). DHEA decreased the escalated level of TBARS and enhanced the anti oxidant defense reaction with an increase in Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD. On the other hand, the treatment with DHEA did not affect catalase and GPx activity. The present study indicates that DHEA has a therapeutic and preventive effect against isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy and its effects may depend largely on the increase in SOD activity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.435-442
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• 2016

Background: Blunt traumatic cardiac rupture is rare. However, such cardiac ruptures carry a high mortality rate. This study reviews our experience treating blunt traumatic cardiac rupture. Methods: This retrospective study included 21 patients who experienced blunt traumatic cardiac rupture from 1999 to 2015. Every patient underwent surgery. Several variables were compared between survivors and fatalities. Results: Sixteen of the 21 patients survived, and 5 (24%) died. No instances of intraoperative mortality occurred. The most common cause of injury was a traffic accident (81%). The right atrium was the most common location of injury (43%). Ten of the 21 patients were suspected to have cardiac tamponade. Significant differences were found in preoperative creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) levels (p=0.042) and platelet counts (p=0.004) between the survivors and fatalities. The patients who died had higher preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale scores (p=0.007), worse Trauma and Injury Severity Scores (p=0.007), and higher Injury Severity Scores (p=0.004) than those who survived. Conclusion: We found that elevated CK-MB levels, a low platelet count, and multi-organ traumatic injury were prognostic factors predicting poor outcomes of blunt cardiac rupture. If a patient with blunt traumatic cardiac rupture has these factors, clinicians should be especially attentive and respond promptly in order to save the patient's life.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.5 s.262
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• pp.366-375
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• 2006

Background: Hypomagnesemia is a common complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical beneficial effect of administration of magnesium sulfate in cardiac surgery. Material and Method: Thirty five patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to magnesium group (n=20) which received magnesium sulfate in priming solution (1 g) and cardioplegic solution (1 g) or control group (n=15) which did not receive it. Arterial blood samples were drawn for measuring $Mg^{++}$ and electrolytes contents, blood gas analysis, CBC, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), creatine phosphokinase (CpK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), troponin-1 (TNI), prothrombin time (PT) and activated pratial thromboplastin time level (aPTT). Venous blood samples were drawn before and after the operation for measuring activated clotting time level (ACT). Result: $Mg^{++}$ levels in magensium group were higher than those of control group at intraoperative and post-operative periods (p<0.05). dysrhythmias were lower in magnesium group (8 cases out of 17 patients, 46.4%) than in control group (10 cases out of 10, 100%, p=0.050). Conclusion: These results showed that administration of low dose magnesium sulfate during cardiac surgery prevented hypomagnesemia and lowered incidence of dysrhythmia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2011

Background: Periprocedural treatment with high-dose statins is known to have cardioprotective and pleiotropic effects, such as anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory actions. We aimed to assess the efficacy of high-dose rosuvastatin loading in patients with stable angina undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). Materials and Methods: A total of 142 patients with stable angina who were scheduled to undergo surgical myocardial revascularization were randomized to receive either pre-treatment with 60-mg rosuvastatin (rosuvastatin group, n=71) or no pre-treatment (control group, n=71) before OPCAB. The primary endpoint was the 30-day incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). The secondary endpoint was the change in the degree of myocardial ischemia as evaluated with creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and troponin T (TnT). Results: There were no significant intergroup differences in preoperative risk factors or operative strategy. MACEs within 30 days after OPCAB occurred in one patient (1.4%) in the rosuvastatin group and four patients (5.6%) in the control group, respectively (p=0.37). Preoperative CK-MB and TnT were not different between the groups. After OPCAB, the mean maximum CK-MB was significantly higher in the control group (rosuvastatin group $10.7{\pm}9.75$ ng/mL, control group $14.6{\pm}12.9$ ng/mL, p=0.04). Furthermore, the mean levels of maximum TnT were significantly higher in the control group (rosuvastatin group $0.18{\pm}0.16$ ng/mL, control group $0.39{\pm}0.70$ ng/mL, p=0.02). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high-dose rosuvastatin loading before OPCAB surgery did not result in a significant reduction of 30-day MACEs. However, high-dose rosuvastatin reduced myocardial ischemia after OPCAB.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.127-127
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• 2014

인체 내 소량의 생체성분(혈액, 소변 등)을 감지하는 바이오센서 기술은 질병 진단뿐만 아니라 예방 및 관리로 의료서비스 확대, 개인 맞춤형 진료 및 의료비 감소 효과를 가져올 수 있는 기술이다. 광바이오센서는 광학적인 측정방법을 이용하여 다양한 생화학물질들의 상호 반응을 검출해 낼 수 있는 바이오센서로 현재 활발하게 연구가 진행되고 있다. 광 바이오센서는 생체성분 내에 존재하는 전하를 가진 많은 이온들 및 Salt 농도 등에 영향을 받지 않기 때문에 나노 와이어를 이용한 FET (field-effect transistor)형 바이오센서에 비해 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. 일반적으로 광 바이오센서는 형광물질, 인광물질, 발색물질, 방사선 물질 등의 발광물질을 인식물질에 표지하여 인식물질과 분석물질과의 반응유무를 표지된 발광물질의 광학 신호를 감지하여 분석물질을 검출해내는 표지식 광 바이오센서 기술이 상용화되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 분석 방법은 민감도는 우수하지만 분석 시간이 매우 느리고, 고가의 분석 장비 및 복잡한 제조 공정 등의 단점들을 가지고 있다. 이러한 단점들을 극복하기 위하여 생화학 반응 유무를 표지물질 없이 광학적 방식으로 직접 측정할 수 있는 비표지식 광 바이오센서 기술이 최근 들어 많이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 광파장 이하의 주기를 가진 주기적 공진 격자 표면에서 일어나는 바이오 항원-항체 반응에 대한 공진 반사 파장을 측정하여 생체성분 내에 존재하는 바이오 항원을 고감도로 검출할 수 있는 비표지식 공진반사광 바이오센서 기술을 소개하고자 한다. 공진반사광 바이오센서를 이용하여 human serum내에 존재하는 심근경색 마커인 troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), myoglobin (MYO)을 0.1 ng/mL 이하의 농도까지 고감도로 측정할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Among semi-quantitative or fully quantitative lateral flow assay readers, an image sensor-based instrument has been widely used because of its simple setup, cheap sensor price, and compact equipment size. For all previous approaches, monochrome CCD or CMOS cameras were used for lateral flow assay imaging in which the overall intensities of all colors were taken into consideration to estimate the analyte content, although the analyte related color information is only limited to a narrow wavelength range. In the present work, we introduced a color CCD camera as a sensor and a color decomposition method to improve the sensitivity of the quantitative biosensor system which utilizes the lateral flow assay successfully. The proposed setup and image processing method were applied to achieve the quantification of imitatively dispensed particles on the surface of a porous membrane first, and the measurement result was then compared with that using a monochrome CCD. The compensation method was proposed in different illumination conditions. Eventually, the color decomposition method was introduced to the commercially available lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The measurement sensitivity utilizing the color image sensor is significantly improved since the slopes of the linear curve fit are enhanced from 0.0026 to 0.0040 and from 0.0802 to 0.1141 for myoglobin and creatine kinase (CK)-MB detection, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

The successful cardiac transplantation depends partly on the donor heart preservation by a solution that will ensure recovery of myocardial function. The purpose of this study was to perform the evaluation of various preservation solutions and to accumulate the data on the requisites for ideal preservation solution. The experimental setup was the constant pressure Langendorffs perfusion system. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused for 20minutes with unarm Krebs-Henseleit solution, stored for 4 hours in cold preservation solution after cardioplegia, and then were reperfused for 20minutes. The 4 experimental groups were prepared Hartmann's solution group (group 1, control), modified Euro-collins solution group(group II. MEC), modified University of Wisconsin group (group n, MUW), and CK solution(made by the author) group (group W, CK). The parameters for assessing the preservation ability were levels of enzymes in freezed myocardial tissues (lactate, creatine kinase-MB and adenosine deaminase), coronary flow. left ventricular developing pressure and dpldt. In conclusion, the ability of preservation for isolated rabbit heart was excellent in CK solution and modified University of Wisconsin solution, and poor in modified Euro-collins solution, compared with Hartmann solution. CK solution has low potassium concentrations(34.2mEq/L) and includes various substrates to be salutary on myocardial preservation. This fact may indicates the necessity of further refinements in selection or composition of electrolytes and substrates.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.183-190
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• 2017

Blood flow restriction(BFR) exercise is defined as low and short lengthexercise with pneumatic pressure belts at the top of the limbs. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of walking exercise with BFR on body composition, growth hormone, and muscle damage markers in obese women. Eleven obese women(> BMI 25kg/m2&> body fat 30%) wore pneumatic pressure belts at both femurs and performed walking exercise twice per day, 3days/wk for 4 week (walking 2min; resting 1min). Body weight, BMI and body fat significantly decreased after exercise(p<0.05), while% body fat was slightly decreased after exercise, although this difference was not significant. Growth hormones increased slightly after exercise, although not significantly. Muscle damage markers (CK(p<0.05), LDH(p<0.05) and K+(p<0.01 increased significantly after exercise, but Mb was did not change significantly. These results suggest that 4-weeks ofblood flow restriction exercisecould be used to prevent and treat obesity and related chronic diseases, as well as metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the effects were similar to those observed in response to high intensity resistance programs, despite the short period for which BFR were conducted.