• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.152-160
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• 2016

Purpose: Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) that emerges after eradication of Helicobacter pylori may be affected by unique morphological changes. Using comprehensive endoscopic imaging, which can reveal biological alterations in gastric mucosa after eradication, previous studies demonstrated that Congo red chromoendoscopy (CRE) might clearly show an acid non-secretory area (ANA) with malignant potential, while autofluorescence imaging (AFI) without drug injection or dyeing may achieve early detection or prediction of GC. We aimed to determine whether AFI might be an alternative to CRE for identification of high-risk areas of gastric carcinogenesis after eradication. Materials and Methods: We included 27 sequential patients with metachronous GC detected during endoscopic surveillance for a mean of 82.8 months after curative endoscopic resection for primary GC and eradication. After their H. pylori infection status was evaluated by clinical interviews and $^{13}C$-urea breath tests, the consistency in the extension of corpus atrophy (e.g., open-type or closed-type atrophy) between AFI and CRE was investigated as a primary endpoint. Results: Inconsistencies in atrophic extension between AFI and CRE were observed in 6 of 27 patients, although CRE revealed all GC cases in the ANA. Interobserver and intraobserver agreements in the evaluation of atrophic extension by AFI were significantly less than those for CRE. Conclusions: We demonstrated that AFI findings might be less reliable for the evaluation of gastric mucosa with malignant potential after eradication than CRE findings. Therefore, special attention should be paid when we clinically evaluate AFI findings of background gastric mucosa after eradication (University Hospital Medical Information Network Center registration number: UMIN000020849).

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2001

Excision and amplification of pre-determined, large genomic segments (taken directly from the genome of a natural host, which provides an alternative to conventional cloning in foreign vectors and hosts) was explored in human cells. In this approach, we devised a procedure for excising a large segment of human genomic DNA, the iNOS gene, by using the Cre/loxP system of bacteriophage P1 and amplifying the excised circles with the EBNA-1/oriP system of the Epstein-Barr virus. Two loxP sequences, each of which serves as a recognition site for recombinase Cre, were integrated unidirectionally into the 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR regions of the iNOS gene, together with an oriP sequence for conditional replication. The traps-acting genes cre and EBNA-1, which were under the control of a tetracycline responsive $P_{hcmv^*-1}$ promoter, were also inserted into the 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR regions of the iNOS gene, respectively, by homologous recombination. The strain carrying the inserted elements was stably maintained until the excision and amplification functions were triggered by the induction of cre and EBNA-1. Upon induction by doxycycline, Cre excised the iNOS gene that was flanked by two ZoxP sites and circularized it. The circularized iNOS gene was then amplified by the EBNA-1/oriP-system. With this procedure, approximately a 45.8-kb iNOS genomic fragment of human chromosome 17 was excised and successfully amplified in human cells. Our procedure can be used effectively for the sequencing of unclonable genes, the functional analysis of unknown genes, and gene therapy.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.264-264
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• 2023

물순환 과정에서의 증발산은 장기적인 관점에서의 수자원 계획 수립 시 중요한 요소이다. 증발산은 기온, 상대습도, 일사량 등 기상학적 인자뿐만 아니라 증발표면, 식생분포 등 다양한 인자의 복합작용에 의해 일어나므로, 유역 단위에서 발생한 실제증발산(Actual evapotranspiration, AET)을 측정하기에는 기술적인 한계가 존재한다. 그러나 증발산 보완관계(Complementary relationship of evapotranspiration, CRE) 가설을 활용하면, 수문요소의 상호작용을 고려한 모델링을 거치지 않고도, 비교적 간단하게 AET를 추정할 수 있다. 본 연구는 증발산 관측자료를 기반으로 유역 단위에서의 CRE를 검증하고자 하며, 플럭스 타워 등 다양한 관측장비가 설치되어 있는 용담댐 시험유역을 대상유역으로 선정하였다. 용담댐 유역 내 산지에 위치한 덕유산 플럭스 타워에서 측정된 증발산을 AET로 보았으며, 유역 인근에 위치한 전주 기상관측소에서 측정되는 팬 증발량(E_pan)을 잠재증발산량(Potential evapotranspiration, PET)으로 보았다. E_pan 계측시, 증발팬의 가열 등 주변환경 변화로 인해 과다하게 추정되는 값을 보완하기 위해 FAO Penman-Monteith 식을 활용해 팬 증발량 보정계수(Coefficient of pan evaporation, k_p)를 산정하여 적용하였다. 습윤증발산량(Wet evapotranspiration, WET)은 대기가 완전히 포화되었을 때 발생하는 증발산량으로, 댐 수표면에서 계측되는 수면증발량을 WET로 보았다. CRE 검증을 위해 AET와 PET를 각각 WET로 나누어 AET+와 PET+로 무차원화하였으며, 습윤지수(Moisture Index, MI)는 AET를 PET로 나누어 산정하였다. CRE 가설은 MI에 따른 AET+와 PET+가 서로 보완관계를 갖는다는 것인데, 용담댐 유역의 관측자료를 활용하여 CRE를 검증한 결과 AET+와 PET+ 간의 비대칭계수(b)가 1.23인 것으로 나타났다. 이 때의 평균제곱오차(MSE)는 0.599, 결정계수(R₂)는 0.631로 나타나 CRE의 b가 적합하게 추정된 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구결과와 같이 검증된 CRE를 통해 증발산 관측지점이 없거나, 조밀하지 않은 유역의 AET를 간접추정할 수 있으며, 이를 활용해 보다 정확한 댐의 장기유출 모의와 용수공급계획 수립에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1506-1513
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• 2009

RGS단백질은 G 단백질 신호전달작용에 있어서 신호를 억제하는 조절단백질로서 G 단백질 매개수용체(GPCR)의 활성을 억제하는 것으로 알려졌다. 그렇지만 캐너비노이드 수용체 CB2의 활성에 있어서 RGS 단백질의 조절효과에 관해서는 지금까지 알려져 있지 않다. 그러므로 본 연구에서 우리는 RGS2, 3, 4, 5와 캐너비노이드 수용체 CB2 cDNA를 동시에 HEK293 세포주에 발현시킨 후 각 RGS 단백질의 효과를 조사하였다. CB2 단백질을 발현하는 HEK293 세포주(CB2-HEK293)에서 CB2 효현제인 WIN55,212-2는 폴스콜린으로 유도된 cAMP response element (CRE) 활성을 억제하였다. 이러한 WIN55,212-2의 CRE 억제 활성은 RGS3에 의하여 차단되었지만 RGS2, 4, 및 RGS5에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 뿐만 아니라 RGS3 small interference RNA (siRNA)를 사용하여 내인성 RGS3 단백질의 발현을 저하시키면 WIN55,212-2에 의한 폴스콜린 유도 CRE 억제활성은 더욱 증강되었다. 이상의 결과는 캐너비노이드 수용체 CB2 신호전달작용에 있어서 RGS 단백질의 기능적 역할과 특히 내인성 RGS3의 캐너비노이드 수용체 CB2에 대한 선택적 작용을 나타낸다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.131-145
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• 1994

Cosmic Ray Experiment (CRE)는 KITSAT-1 의 여 러 module 중 하나로 Total D Dose Experiment (TDE) 와 Cosmic Particle Experiment (CPE) 두개의 sub-system 으로 구성되어 있다. CRE 의 목적은 KITSAT-1 궤도에서의 우주 환경을 조사하는 것이다. KITSAT-1 의 궤도는 inner Van Allen belt에 위치하며, 이 지역 에셔는 고에너지 proton들이 많이 분포하고 있어 위성체에 단기적인 또는 장기적인 radiation 효과를 미치고 있다. 1년여의 설험 결과로부터 Van Allen belt가 무척 안정되어 있고 태양의 활동이 CPE,TDE 및 SEU (Single Event Upset) rate 에 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었다. 또한 CREME code 에 의해 예상됐던 것보다 많은 고에너지 입자 flux가 관찰되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.381-400
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• 2002

This paper presents several applications of an improved estimator of the constitutive relation error (CRE) for plasticity problems. The cumulative aspect of the CRE estimator with respect to time is analyzed and we propose a first analysis of the local effectivity indexes of the CRE estimator in plasticity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.826-830
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• 2018

A Cre/loxP-${\delta}$-integration system was developed to allow sequential and simultaneous integration of a multiple gene expression cassette in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To allow repeated integrations, the reusable Candida glabrata MARKER (CgMARKER) carrying loxP sequences was used, and the integrated CgMARKER was efficiently removed by inducing Cre recombinase. The XYLP and XYLB genes encoding endoxylanase and ${\beta}$-xylosidase, respectively, were used as model genes for xylan metabolism in this system, and the copy number of these genes was increased to 15.8 and 16.9 copies/cell, respectively, by repeated integration. This integration system is a promising approach for the easy construction of yeast strains with enhanced metabolic pathways through multicopy gene expression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.886-892
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• 2017

Objective: Transgenic technology is widely used for industrial applications and basic research. Systems that allow for genetic modification play a crucial role in biotechnology for a number of purposes, including the functional analysis of specific genes and the production of exogenous proteins. In this study, we examined and verified the cumate-inducible transgene expression system in chicken DF1 and quail QM7 cells, as well as loxP element-mediated transgene recombination using Cre recombinase in DF1 cells. Methods: After stable transfer of the transgene with piggyBac transposon and transposase, transgene expression was induced by an appropriate concentration of cumate. Additionally, we showed that the transgene can be replaced with additional transgenes by co-transfection with the Cre recombinase expression vector. Results: In the cumate-GFP DF1 and QM7 cells, green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression was repressed in the off state in the absence of cumate, and the GFP transgene expression was successfully induced in the presence of cumate. In the cumate-MyoD DF1 cells, MyoD transgene expression was induced by cumate, and the genes controlled by MyoD were upregulated according to the number of days in culture. Additionally, for the translocation experiments, a stable enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-expressing DF1 cell line transfected with the loxP66-eGFP-loxP71 vector was established, and DsRed-positive and eGFP-negative cells were observed after 14 days of co-transfection with the DsRed transgene and Cre recombinase indicating that the eGFP transgene was excised, and the DsRed transgene was replaced by Cre recombination. Conclusion: Transgene induction or replacement cassette systems in avian cells can be applied in functional genomics studies of specific genes and adapted further for efficient generation of transgenic poultry to modulate target gene expression.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권3호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 Heterogeneous Network에서의 간섭제어에 관한 기술 동향을 살펴보고, 간섭 제어 기술 중 3GPP release 10에서의 주요 기술 enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (enhanced ICIC, eICIC)을 택하여 성능을 분석해 보았다. eICIC기술 중 시간영역에서의 간섭 제어인 Almost Blank Subframe (ABS)와 Cell Range Expansion (CRE) 기술에 의한 성능을 분석하였다. Heterogeneous Network에서 macrocell과 femtocell 간의 간섭 제어를 적절히 하기 위해서는 ABS기술과 CRE 기술 간의 조합이 중요할 것으로 보인다. Heterogeneous Network의 전체 성능 평가는 정량적으로는 분석되기 어려워 system level simulation에 의해서 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 SLS 방식으로 다양한 환경에 대한 성능을 분석함으로써 Heterogeneous Network 운영에 있어 각각의 요소가 미치는 영향을 파악할 수 있도록 하였으며, Heterogeneous Network에서의 ABS와 CRE의 결합에 의한 효과를 분석하였다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.34-47
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was designed to examine anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium water extract (CRE). Methods: Cell cytotoxicity was tested with RAW 264.7 cells. To investigate anti-inflammatory effect of CRE in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cell, we measured nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). In addition, mitrogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were examined by western blotting in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell with treated CRE. Results: In cytotoxicity analysis, CRE does not affect cell cytotoxicity. As compared with the control group, the expression of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6 were significantly decreased, and IL-10 was significantly increased in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell with treated CRE. As a result of Western blotting, there was concentration-dependent inhibition of pp38, pERK in MAPK pathway and significant reduction of pp65 in the NF-κB pathway. Conclusions: CRE might have anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-induced macrophages by promoting the production of IL-10.