• Advances in nano research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.143-168
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• 2015

Initiation of crack and its growth simulation requires accurate model of traction - separation law. Accurate modeling of traction-separation law remains always a great challenge. Atomistic simulations based prediction has great potential in arriving at accurate traction-separation law. The present paper is aimed at establishing a method to address the above problem. A method for traction-separation law prediction via utilizing atomistic simulations data has been proposed. In this direction, firstly, a simpler approach of common neighbor analysis (CNA) for the prediction of crack growth has been proposed and results have been compared with previously used approach of threshold potential energy. Next, a scheme for prediction of crack speed has been demonstrated based on the stable crack growth criteria. Also, an algorithm has been proposed that utilizes a variable relaxation time period for the computation of crack growth, accurate stress behavior, and traction-separation atomistic law. An understanding has been established for the generation of smoother traction-separation law (including the effect of free surface) from a huge amount of raw atomistic data. A new curve fit has also been proposed for predicting traction-separation data generated from the molecular dynamics simulations. The proposed traction-separation law has also been compared with the polynomial and exponential model used earlier for the prediction of traction-separation law for the bulk materials.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.79-84
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• 2003

A fictitious crack model was used to analyze fatigue crack growth under the influence of residual stress. In the fictitious crack model, crack is represented in terms of the separation of two adjacent interfaces and the constitutive equation between the separation and traction is assumed. The effect of fatigue loading was included in the constitutive equation by considering damage accumulation in the cohesive zone. To investigate the effect of the residual stress on the fatigue crack growth, we calculated the residual stress distribution due to transient heat flux to the specimen by finite element method. Fatigue crack growth was simulated by the fictitious crack model with repeated loading. The mode-I crack growth rates were compared for the cases with and without the compressive residual stress around the crack tip. It was observed that the mode-I crack growth can be suppressed by compressive residual stress.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.569-582
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• 2018

Effects of crack separation, bridge area, on the tensile behaviour of concrete are studied experimentally and numerically through the Brazilian tensile test. The physical data obtained from the Brazilian tests are used to calibrate the two-dimensional particle flow code based on discrete element method (DEM). Then some specially designed Brazilian disc specimens containing two parallel cracks are used to perform the physical tests in the laboratory and numerically simulated to make the suitable numerical models to be tested. The experimental and numerical results of the Brazilian disc specimens are compared to conclude the validity and applicability of these models used in this research. Validation of the simulated models can be easily checked with the results of Brazilian tests performed on non-persistent cracked physical models. The Brazilian discs used in this work have a diameter of 54 mm and contain two parallel centred cracks ($90^{\circ}$ to the horizontal) loaded indirectly under the compressive line loading. The lengths of cracks are considered as; 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm and 40 mm, respectively. The visually observed failure process gained through numerical Brazilian tests are found to be very similar to those obtained through the experimental tests. The fracture patterns demonstrated by DEM simulations are mostly affected by the crack separation but the tensile strength of bridge area is related to the fracture pattern and failure mechanism of the testing samples. It has also been shown that when the crack lengths are less than 30 mm, the tensile cracks may initiate from the cracks tips and propagate parallel to loading direction till coalesce with the other cracks tips while when the cracks lengths are more than 30 mm, these tensile cracks may propagate through the intact concrete itself rather than that of the bridge area.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.385-393
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• 1995

Akali-resistant porous glass was prepared by phase separation in Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 system containing ZrO2 and MgO. ZrO2 was added for alkali-resistance and MgO for anti-cracking during leaching. Optimal content of ZrO2 for alkali-resistance was 7wt% and devitrification by heat treatment resulted from further addition. Pore size and pore volume were decreased and specific surface area was increased with ZrO2 addition due to depression in phase separation. Addition of 3mol% MgO to mother glass containing 7wt% ZrO2 was effective for anti-crack during leaching. In this case, with phase separation at 55$0^{\circ}C$ and 5$25^{\circ}C$ for 20 hrs. crack-free porous glasses could be prepared. The relation between pore size r and heat treatment time t at 55$0^{\circ}C$ was D=25.58＋18.16t. According to measurement of gas permeability, the mechanism of gas permeation was Knudsen flow. N2 and He permeability of porous glass which was prepared by heat treatment at 55$0^{\circ}C$ for 20 hrs. were 0.843$\times$10-7mol/$m^2$.s.Pa and 2.161$\times$10-7mol/$m^2$.s.Pa respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.1 s.173
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• pp.103-109
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• 2000

A method to measure the crack length in rubbery materials is described. Through dimensional analysis and experiments, an equation is derived to give the crack length as a function of the change of strain energy density in a region remote from the crack. The function is provided in a form of separated terms of loading and material, the validity of which is experimentally proved using separation parameters.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.238-245
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• 2000

Separation strips are temporary joints to prevent crack due to stress induced by shrinkage. In this study, an analysis procedure considering separation strip is proposed to decide proper casting time of separation strip and cracking stresses of the example building slabs are calculated using this procedure. The result of the example high rise building shows that the percentage of cracking stress to the modulus of fracture is 43.4% when closing of separation strip are 30 days after placing the slab, so it is enough time for the separation strip in each floor to absorb the effects of shrinkage.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.543-564
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• 2021

In this study free vibration analysis of a cracked Goland composite wing is investigated. The wing is modelled as a cantilevered beam based on Euler- Bernoulli equations. Also, composite material is modelled based on lamina fiber-reinforced. Edge crack is modelled by additional boundary conditions and local flexibility matrix in crack location, Castigliano's theorem and energy release rate formulation. Governing differential equations are extracted by Hamilton's principle. Using the separation of variables method, general solution in the normalized form for bending and torsion deflection is achieved then expressions for the cross-sectional rotation, the bending moment, the shear force and the torsional moment for the cantilevered beam are obtained. The cracked beam is modelled by separation of beam into two interconnected intact beams. Free vibration analysis of the beam is performed by applying boundary conditions at the fixed end, the free end, continuity conditions in the crack location of the beam and dynamic stiffness matrix determinant. Also, the effects of various parameters such as length and location of crack and fiber angle on natural frequencies and mode shapes are studied. Modal analysis results illustrate that natural frequencies and mode shapes are affected by depth and location of edge crack and coupling parameter.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 1997

Crack penetration behavior by fatigue crack propagation and measurements of AE before-and-after crack penetration were examined using SS41 steel plate. Experimental crack shape of SU type was in good agreement with calculated shape rather than S type. Crack propagation behavior on the front surface appears not to change markedly after penetration. However, crack growth on the back surface appears to accelerate as reported by author. As a crack propagates, AE occurred heavily just before penetration. Then, it decreases and crack is penetrating. A transition from plane strain to plane stress was observed by fractographic study. At this time, separation of fracture surface was shown which affects AE occurrence.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2011

A global-local finite element modeling technique is employed in this paper to predict the fatigue life of radial truck tires. This paper assumes that a flaw exists inside the tire, in the local model. The local model uses an FEM fracture analysis in conjunction with a global-local technique in ABAQUS. A 3D finite element local model calculates the energy release rate at the belt edge. Using the analysis of the local model, a study of the energy release rate is performed in the crack region and used to determine the crack growth rate analysis. The result considers how different driving conditions contribute to the detrimental effects of belt separation in truck tire failure. The calculation of the total mileage on four sizes of radial truck tires has performed on the belt edge separation. The effect of the change of belt width design on the fatigue lifetime of tire belt separation is discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.414-422
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• 1997

The characteristics on the extension of the CED(Crack Energy Density) concept to the interface kinked crack problems in a dissimilar are examined. Each mode contributions of CED are found by symmetric and antisymmetric conponents and domain independent integrals. Finite element calculation is carried out to simulate the interface kinked crack growth on a bimaterial. The focus is the establishment of fracture criterion with CED and finding the orientation of crack extension. From the results, a prediction about the extension behavior of an interface kinked crack can be done. And we show that CED can be a parameter to indicate fracture criterion at an interface kinked crack.