• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2005

일반적인 와전류 검사는 단일 주파수 또는 매우 협소한 주파수 대역을 가지는 정현적 신호 사용하며, 알루미늄과 같은 도체에서 피로 균열 같은 결함을 검출하는데 사용되고 있다. 이에 반하여 펄스 와전류는 아주 넓은 주파수 대역폭을 가지는 펄스 신호를 사용한다. 이것은 여러 주파수를 동시에 사용하는 다중 주파수 와전류 검사를 한번에 수행할 수 있도록 하며, 일상적인 와전류 검사에 비하여 침투 깊이를 더 깊게 할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 부식 또는 침식 등에 의한 금속 손실을 평가하기 위한 펄스 와전류 장치를 개발하였다. 개발된 장비는 최대 40 V의 구형 펄스를 발생시키는 펄스 발생기, 수신된 신호를 52 dB까지 증폭하는 증폭기, 16 bit 20MHz의 A/D 변환기, 윈도우 프로그램으로 운영되는 산업용 개인 컴퓨터로 구성하였다. 펄스 와전류 탐촉자는 구동 코일 안에 검출 코일을 삽입한 pancake 형태로 설계 제작하였다. 검출 코일의 출력 신호는 구동 코일에 전압을 끊을 때 갑자기 증가하고 신호의 후반부는 시간에 따라 지수적으로 감소하였으며, 감쇠율을 나타내는 지수 값은 알루미늄 두께가 두꺼울수록 증가하였다.

• Composites Research
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2014

Non-destructive testing methods of composite materials are very important for improving material reliability and safety. AE measurement is based on the detection of microscopic surface movements from stress waves in a material during the fracture process. The examination of AE is a useful tool for the sensitive detection and location of active damage in polymer and composite materials. FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensors have attracted much interest owing to the important advantages of optical fiber sensing. Compared to conventional electronic sensors, fiber-optical sensors are known for their high resolution and high accuracy. Furthermore, they offer important advantages such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, and electrically passive operation. In this paper, the crack detection capability of AE (Acoustic Emission) measurement was compared with that of an FBG sensor under tensile testing and buckling test of composite materials. The AE signals of the PVDF sensor were measured and an AE signal analyzer, which had a low pass filter and a resonance filter, was designed and fabricated. Also, the wavelength variation of the FBG sensor was measured and its strain was calculated. Calculated strains were compared with those determined by finite element analysis.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.594-597
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• 2004

The ground subsidence that occurred in an abandoned coal mining area, Gaeun, Korea, was observed by using 25 JERS-1 SAR interferograms from November 1992 to October 1998. We estimated the subsidence on a subset of image pixels corresponding to point-wise permanent scatters (PSs) by exploiting a long temporal series of interferometric phases. The results were compared it with a distribution map of in situ examined crack level. PSs were identified by means of amplitude dispersion index and coherence of the interferograms. The measured subsidence rate represented the average velocity in a period of image acquisition and excluded complex nonlinear displacements such as an abrupt collapse. The mean line-of-sight velocity in the study area is 0.19cm/yr and an r.m.s. error is 0.18cm/yr. The center of the abandoned Gaeun coal mine (0.49cm/yr) and the area near to the Gaeun station (1.66cm/yr) were observed as most rapidly subsiding areas.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.381-395
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• 2009

The paper presents a case study in which the structural condition assessment of the East Bay bridge in Gibsonton, Florida is evaluated with the help of remote health monitoring techniques. The bridge is a four-span, continuous, deck-type reinforced concrete structure supported on prestressed pile bents, and is instrumented with smart Fiber Optic Sensors. The sensors used for remote health monitoring are the newly emerged Fabry-Perot (FP), and are both surface-mounted and embedded in the deck. The sensing system can be accessed remotely through fast Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), which permits the evaluation of the bridge behavior under live traffic loads. The bridge was open to traffic since March 2005, and the collected structural data have been continuously analyzed since. The data revealed an increase in strain readings, which suggests a progression in damage. Recent visual observations also indicated the presence of longitudinal cracks along the bridge length. After the formation of these cracks, the sensors readings were analyzed and used to extrapolate the values of the maximum stresses at the crack location. The data obtained were also compared to initial design values of the bridge under factored gravity and live loads. The study showed that the proposed structural health monitoring technique proved to provide an efficient mean for condition assessment of bridge structures providing it is implemented and analyzed with care.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권5_6호
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• pp.689-709
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• 2010

In this paper, a low cost, low power but multifunctional wireless sensor node is presented for the impedance-based SHM using piezoelectric sensors. Firstly, a miniaturized impedance measuring chip device is utilized for low cost and low power structural excitation/sensing. Then, structural damage detection/sensor self-diagnosis algorithms are embedded on the on-board microcontroller. This sensor node uses the power harvested from the solar energy to measure and analyze the impedance data. Simultaneously it monitors temperature on the structure near the piezoelectric sensor and battery power consumption. The wireless sensor node is based on the TinyOS platform for operation, and users can take MATLAB$^{(R)}$ interface for the control of the sensor node through serial communication. In order to validate the performance of this multifunctional wireless impedance sensor node, a series of experimental studies have been carried out for detecting loose bolts and crack damages on lab-scale steel structural members as well as on real steel bridge and building structures. It has been found that the proposed sensor nodes can be effectively used for local wireless health monitoring of structural components and for constructing a low-cost and multifunctional SHM system as "place and forget" wireless sensors.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.503-512
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• 2020

Mining activities focus on the production of mineral resources for energy generation and raw material requirements worldwide and it is a known fact that shallow reserves become scarce. For this reason, exploration of new resources proceeds consistently to meet the increasing energy and raw material demand of industrial activities. Rock mechanics has a vital role in underground mining and surface mining. Devices and instruments used in laboratory testing to determine rock mechanics related parameters might have limited sensing capability of the failure behavior. However, methodologies such as, thermal cameras, digital speckle correlation method and acoustic emission might enable to investigate the initial crack formation in detail. Regarding this, in this study, thermographic analysis was performed to analyze the failure behaviors of different types of rock specimens during uniaxial compressive strength experiments. The energy dissipation profiles of different types of rocks were characterized by the temperature difference recorded with an infrared thermal camera during experiments. The temperature increase at the failure moment was detected as 4.45℃ and 9.58℃ for andesite and gneiss-schist specimens, respectively. Higher temperature increase was observed with respect to higher UCS value. Besides, a temperature decreases of about 0.5-0.6℃ was recorded during the experiments of the marble specimens. The temperature change on the specimen is related to release of radiation energy. As a result of the porosity tests, it was observed that increase in the porosity rate from 5.65% to 20.97% can be associated to higher radiation energy released, from 12.68 kJ to 297.18 kJ.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2022

The spiral case concrete (SCC) used in the underground powerhouse of large hydropower stations is complex, difficult to pour, and has high requirements for temperature control and crack prevention. In this study, based on the closed-loop control theory of "multi-source sensing, real analysis, and intelligent control", a new intelligent cooling control system (ICCS) suitable for the SCC is developed and is further applied to the Wudongde large-scale underground powerhouse. By employing the site monitoring data, numerical simulation, and field investigation, the temperature control quality of the SCC is evaluated. The results show that the target temperature control curve can be accurately tracked, and the temperature control indicators such as the maximum temperature can meet the design requirements by adopting the ICCS. Moreover, the numerical results and site investigation indicate that a safety factor of the spiral case structure was sure, and no cracking was found in the concrete blocks, by which the effectiveness of the system for improving the quality of temperature control of the SCC is verified. Finally, an intelligent cooling control procedure suitable for the SCC is proposed, which can provide a reference for improving the design and construction level for similar projects.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.133-154
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• 2023

Obscured structural members are mostly under-evaluated during condition assessment due to lack of visual inspection capability. Insufficient information about the integrity of these structural members poses a significant risk for public safety. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a novel approach in structural health monitoring (SHM). Ordinary coaxial cables "as is" without a major modification are not suitable for SHM with TDR. The objective of this study is to propose a practical and cost-effective modification approach to commercially available coaxial cables in order to use them as a "cable sensor" for damage detection with the TDR equipment for obscured structural members. The experimental validation and assessment of the proposed modification approach was achieved by conducting 3-point bending tests of the model piles as a representative obscured structural member. It can be noted that the RG59/U-6 and RG6/U-4 cable sensors expose higher strain sensitivity in comparison with non-modified "as is" versions of the cables used. As a result, the cable sensors have the capability of sensing both the presence and the location of a structural damage with a maximum aberration of 3 cm. Furthermore, the crack development can be monitored by the RG59/U-6 cable sensor with a simple calibration.

• 센서학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2023

Herein, we propose a simple fabrication method for MXene-coated V-groove sensors for applications. To enhance the sensitivity of this sensor, we applied MXene particles, instead of conventional metal layers, as a sensing material on the sensor's surface. This allows for an easier fabrication, as well as higher sensitivity of the sensor compared to those of our previously demonstrated metal-based V-groove sensor. Additionally, polyurethane-acrylate, a UV-curable liquid polymer, can be easily applied using micro-electromechanical systems-based surface-texture micromachining. The sensor sensitivity is approximately 0.08 /mm, and it can be improved by increasing the number of V-grooves. We believe that the proposed MXene-based wearable sensor offers a great potential in detecting various types of motions characteristic of human activities.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2020

노후화 시설물의 증가에 따라 선제적 유지관리의 중요성은 점차 증대되고 있다. 선제적 유지관리는 시설물의 응답 계측으로부터 시작되기 때문에 높은 정밀도를 가지는 응답을 획득하는 것이 중요하다. 국부적인 응답 중 변형률은 균열 감지 및 피로 진전 예측 등에 활용가능하다. 변형률 센서는 크게 이산형 및 분포형 센서로 구분된다. 이산형 센서의 대표적인 예가 광섬유 브래그 격자(FBG)와 전기 저항식 게이지이다. 이산형 센서는 높은 정확성과 재현성(고 정밀)을 가지지만, 측정점이 제한된다는 한계를 가진다. 브릴루앙 산란 기반 광섬유 변형률 계측 시스템 중 하나인 Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis (BOCDA)은 대표적인 분포형 센서이며, 5 cm 라는 높은 공간 분해능을 가진다. BOCDA는 투영된 광원에서 발생하는 산란파를 이용하여 광섬유 전 구간의 변형률을 계측한다. 측정점이 많아지는 장점이 있으나, 이산형 센서에 낮은 정확도와 재현성을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 고 정밀 데이터(이산형 센서)와 저 정밀 데이터(분포형 센서) 각각의 장점을 융합하는 후처리 기법을 제안하였으며, 이에 대한 가능성을 검증 실험을 통해 확인했다.