• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1747-1756
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• 2000

Crab shell particles (Protunus trituberculatus) and activated carbon (Norit 0.8 SUPRA) were used as packing material in a fixed-bed column. When 1 g crab shell was added in the column packed with 10 g activated carbon. breakthrough to influent 10 mg Pb/L occurred at 1520 bed volumes. as compared to 380 bed volumes for 10 g activated carbon only. Addition of crab shell particles into activated carbon column resulted in increased uptake of lead. The dramatic improvement might be attributed to an increase in $co_3{^{2-}}$ and $OH^-$ available for the binding of lead. From the result of analyses, the major mechanism of lead removal was based on dissolution of $CaCO_3$ in the crab shell followed by precipitation of $Pb_3(CO_3)_2(OH)_{2(s)}$ on the surface of activated carbon. The lead uptake increased two fold as the influent lead concentration was increased from 10 to 50 mg/L. However, it decreased by 40% as the influent pH was lowered from 5.0 to 3.0.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.569-574
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• 1997

In order to study the effect of ozone treated-CSP(crab shell powders) addition in kimchi on shelf-life, sensory quality, neutralization and buffer action during fermentation at 10"C were investigated. The edible periods of kimchi containing 2% CSP by investigating pH and acidity were prolonged by 40 and 33 days, respectively. CSP in kimchi showed strong neutralization action for 0~25 days and buffer action after 25 days during fermentation. The slow and complete neutralization action of 3% CSP in 2% lactic acid solution was observed. Amounts of lactic acid, which 2% CSP in kimchi was capable of absorption by buffer action during fermentation, was 0.07~0.3%. The studies of sensory quality improvement for CSP added kimchi was demanded in the furture.ture.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2013

We investigated the antioxidant and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of red snow crab Chionoecetes japonicas shell (RSCS) hydrolysate by enzymatic hydrolysis and its molecular weight cut-off fractions. The RSCS hydrolysate was fractionated through two ultrafiltration membranes of 3 and 10 kDa cut-offs. Three fractions (<3 kDa, 3-10 kDa, and >10 kDa) were evaluated for total amino acid composition, antioxidant activities using 2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] ($ABTS^+$) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities and reducing power assays, and ACE inhibitory activity using Hou's method. Although all fractions showed activity, the <3 kDa fraction of RSCS hydrolysate exhibited the greatest $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging, SOD-like and ACE inhibitory activities. However, these fractions exhibited low reducing power. These results suggest that the low-molecular-weight enzymatic hydrolysate of RSCS could be used as a functional ingredient to control oxidative stress and ACE activity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.339-344
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• 1999

The effects of water extracts of cow bone(WECB), and crab-shell powders(CSP) on the fermentation of kimchi were investigated. WECB has not a great effects on pH, titratable acidity, ratio of lactic acid bacteria against total microbe, and the number of Leuconostoc and Lactobacilli, but has on sour taste, and flavor and overall taste. The kimchi prepared by adding the 0.03% WECB and 1.5% CSP together showed more effective than the control and CSP-added kimchi in pH maintenance, buffer action ratio of lactic acid bacteria against total microbe. The sensory profiles such as fishy and garlic flavor, crispness and overall taste showed in the control and CSP-added kimchi were improved in the kimchi added no only, and CSP and WECB together.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of teriyaki sauce made by using the shell, the byproduct of red snow crab. Moisture content was the highest in fried FRC and the lowest in immersed SOC- while viscosity exhibited contrary tendency. The pH was the highest in dried DRC and the lowest in untreated RAC. Chromaticity was the highest in fried FRC for L, a, and b values altogether. Such result was considered attributable to elution of astaxanthin, a fat-soluble dye protein, which affected chromaticity while it underwent pre-treatment by being fried. Salinity was the highest in fried FRC and lowest in immersed SOC. Available solid contents exhibited contrary tendency. The total free amino acid content was the highest in immersed SOC and the lowest in untreated RAC. Contents of essential amino acids and tasty amino acids, the free amino acids, were the highest in SOC, suggesting that savory taste manifested the most noticeably among specimens treated differently by varying methods. The results of preference test showed that SOC, which showed the highest free amino acid content, also showed the highest preference in terms of outwards appearance, fragrance, taste, texture, and overall items of preference. Those results suggested that the immersion of red snow crab shell increased elution of available solid content and tasty components, influencing the preference of overall taste of teriyaki sauce positively, concerning pre-treatment methods. Based on overall results of the experiment in this study, pre-treatment involving immersion would lead to production of teriyaki with excellent nutrition and sensory features in connection with the use of red snow crab shell for manufacturing teriyaki.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.429-436
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• 2012

This study was performed to examine the characteristics of protein of red crab (Chionoecetes japonicus) shell powder hydrolyzed by commercial proteases. Red crab shell was digested by commercial proteases, such as Protamex (P), Neutrase (N), Flavourzyme (F), Alcalase (A), Protease M (PM) and Protease A (PA). Protein yield analyzed by Biuret assay, absorbance at 280 nm and brix revealed that PA was the enzyme having the highest proteolytic activity. SDS PAGE showed that molecular weight of proteins produced by protease treatments was various and below 150 kDa. Combinational treatment of proteases (PA + P, PA + PM, PA + F, PA + A) was tried whether these increase protein hydrolysis from red crab shell powder compared to a PA single treatment. Soluble protein content was similar, but amino acid concentration by combinational treatments was higher than PA single treatment [PA + P 247.4 mg/g > PA + F (206.4 mg/g) > PA + A (133.4 mg/g) > PA + PM (59.1 mg/g) > PA (54.9 mg/g)]. Amino acid composition by combinational treatments was slightly different. Most abundant essential amino acids were phenylalanine, glycine, alanine, and leucine, whereas tyrosine and cystine were not detected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.589-593
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• 2001

The natural sources extracted from crab shell Korean tagnrine peel, sesame meals were utilized to investigate the effects of extracts on free radical reaction, lipid oxidation and nitrite scavenging ability. The recovery percentage of extracts from waste resources (crab shell, sesame meal, dry korean tangrine peel) were chitosan 11.6%, crude sesamol 2.2% and ascorbic acid 2.8%, respectively. The antioxidants were tended to have a lower TBARS value than those of control. The nitrite scavenging and electron donating ability of crude sesamol were tended to be the most effective extract among all extracts. However, In case of chitosan, the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity was the most highest, compared to other extracts.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 1994

Chitin was isolated from crab shell wastes and characterized for its chemical and physical properties. White powdered chitin was obtained through demineralizaticn, deproteinization and decoloration process. The contents of inorganics was less than 0.5%, whereas protein and lipid were almost removed. The results of IR spectroscopic analysis for the isolated chitin showed similar characteristics with that of Sigma product. Degree of deacetylation of purified chitin was significantly higher than Sigma product and viscosity average molecular weights was $2.3{\times}10^5~3.2{\times}10^5$. SEM analysis showed that the obtained chitin had the fibril shaped morphology.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1978.09a
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• pp.67-74
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• 1978

The phenomenon of 'soil sickness' is one of the most important limiting factors for ginseng(Panax ginseng) production in Korea. The principal cause is known to be due to the root rots caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani. Attempts were made to control the root rots with non-polluting cultural methods or soil amendments. Among the nine soil amendments tested, crab shell, cow bone and pig feces were selected for further testing. Each of the three amendments increased the populations or various actinomycetes in the range of 10-25 times over that of non-amended soil, whereas the population of C. destructans was reduced to about $50-70\%$ as compared with the control. Five isolates of Streptomyces with clear zones on chitin-agar medium were selected and then tested for their antagonistic effects on C. destructans. When anyone of the five isolates of Streptomyces and C. destructans was grown together in a modified peptone broth, growth of the latter was highly inhibited. When three levels of crab shell, cow bone, or pig feces were used to amend potted soil infested with C. destruetans, the root rot ratings of ginseng seedlings were reduced to less than one half in all the treatments as compared to the control. In another similar experiment, crab shell and cow bone amendments resulted in almost complete control of the seedling root rots in soil infested with C. destructans or F. solani. In conclusion, biological control with soil amendments of ginseng root rots caused by C. destructans and F. solani was successful. Further basic studies should be pursued using soil amendments for better control. In addition, field experiments are needed to complement the soil amendment control measures in an integrated pest control program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.106-115
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• 2013

A series of fishing experiments were carried out in the western coastal waters of Korea from May, 2006 to September, 2007, using gill nets of different mesh sizes (m=101, 121.8, 152.5, 176.8, and 191 mm) to determine the mesh selectivity of gill net for swimming crab, Potunus trituberculatus. The catch species was composed of swimming crab (87%), Thomas's rapa whelk Rapana venosa (5%), arthritic neptune Neptunea cumingi (2%), Japanese swimming crab Charybdis japonica (2%), marbled sole Pleuronectes yokohamae (1%), pen shell Atrina pectinata, ocellate spot skate Okamejei kenojei, and so on. The carapace length (CL) of each swimming crab caught in the experimental nets was measured. Sponge crab (egg-bearing female crab) was appeared from the end of June to August in the coastal waters. The master selection curve was estimated by applying the extended Kitahara's method. The selection curve showed that the gill nets of larger mesh size allowed more crabs of small carapace size to escape. The optimum value (CL/m) was 0.645 and the CL/m was estimated to be 0.301, 0.354, 0.391, 0.422, and 0.450 when the retention probabilities were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, respectively.