• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.543-547
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• 2002

DNA vaccines use eukaryote expression vectors to produce immunizing proteins in the vaccinated host and it represents a novel approach to vaccine and immuno-therapeutic development. We constructed a 2.9 kb compact plasmid vector (pVAC) which contains CMV promoter, polycloning site, BGH poly A terminator, ampicillin resistance gene and PBR322 origin. Enriched unmathlyated CpG motifs have introduced into pVAC-ISS1 and pVAC-ISS2 which are derived from pVAC for enhancing Thl responses. These plasmid DNAs rapidly induced interleukin 6 secretion in vivo. It is expected that these vectors will contribute to the DNA inoculation against infectious disease and various cancers without adjuvant.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.875-883
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• 2002

Purpose : Airways eosinophilia and increased IgE, characteristic features of asthma, result from a predominant Th2 response. In this study, we investigated the effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the inhibition of airways eosinophilia in mice with established airway inflammation. We also investigated the immunological mechanisms involved. Methods : Groups of BALB/c mice were sensitized intradermally with ovalbumin(OVA). At week 10, airway inflammation was induced by intranasal challenge of the mice with OVA. At week 14, the mice were challenged intranasally again with OVA in the presence and without the presence of CpG ODNs. Mice with saline administration served as negative controls. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids(BALF) were obtained and eosinophils were counted. Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the spleen cell cultures were measured by ELISA. Serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG2a antibodies were also measured by ELISA. Results : BALF eosinophils were significantly inhibited in the CpG ODNs-treated mice(P<0.01). IgE and IgG2a levels increased significantly in both CpG ODNs-treated and untreated groups as compared to the negative control group; there was, however, no significant difference between the two groups four days after intranasal administration of CpG ODNs. Cytokine analysis revealed decreased production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and increased production of IL-12 in the CpG ODNs-treated group as compared to the untreated group. Interestingly, $IFN-{\gamma}$ levels were not upregulated in the CpG ODNs-treated group. Conclusion : CpG ODNs vaccination is a potentially useful approach for reversing airways eosinophilia in mice with established airways inflammation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2008

Purpose: Specific bacteria are believed to play an important role in chronic periodontitis. Although extensive microbial analyses have been performed from subgingival plaque samples of periodontitis patients, systemic analysis of subingival microbiota has not been carried out in a Korean population so far. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of 29 putative periodontal pathogens in Korean chronic periodontitis patients and evaluate which pathogens are more associated with Korean chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods: A total of 86 subgingival plaque samples were taken from 15 chronic periodontits(CP) patients and 13 periodontally healthy subjects in Korea. CP samples were obtained from the deepest periodontal pocket (>3 mm probing depth[PD]) and the most shallow periodontal probing site ($\leq$3 mm PD) in anterior tooth and posterior tooth, respectively, of each patient. Samples in healthy subjects were obtained from 1 anterior tooth and 1 posterior tooth. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of subgingival plaque bacteria was performed. Detection frequencies(% prevalence) of 29 putative periodontal pathogens were investigated as bacterium-positive sites/total sites. Results: With the exception of Olsenella profuse and Prevotella nigrescens, the sites of diseased patients generally showed higher prevalence than the healthy sites of healthy subjects for all bacteria analyzed. Tanerella forsythensis (B.forsythus), Campylobacter rectus, Filifactor alocis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis were detected in more than 80% of sites with deep probing depths in CP patients. In comparison between the sites (deep or shallow PD) of CP patients and the healthy sites of healthy subjects, there was statistically significant difference(P<0.05) of prevalence in T.forsythensis (B.forsythus), C.rectus, Dialister invisus, F.alocis, P.gingivalis and Treponema denticola. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the four putative periodontal pathogens, T.forsythensis (B.forsythus), C.rectus, P.gingivalis and F.alocis are closely related with CP patients in the Korean population.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2015

To elucidate the origin and patterns of establishment of insular plants on Ulleungdo Island, maternally inherited chloroplast DNA, which is useful for tracing seed movements, was used. Fagus multinervis, an endemic species that dominated broadleaf deciduous forests on Ulleungdo Island, is an excellent model for such a study. To understand the diversity and spatial distribution of the chloroplast haplotypes of F. multinervis, nucleotide sequences of the psbA-trnH region were determined from 144 individuals sampled throughout the island. Results of a phylogenetic analysis of the region with close relatives of F. multinervis suggest that F. multinervis is sister to a clade of F. japonica and F. engleriana. No haplotype variation was found within F. multinervis. This remarkably low cpDNA haplotype diversity is in contrast to the findings of previous allozyme studies of F. multinervis populations that showed high genetic diversity on Ulleungdo Island. Repeated colonization during the early stage of establishment via birds that migrated from a source area where the F. multinervis cpDNA haplotype was geographically structured may have resulted in the observed pattern of haplotype diversity. Alternatively, long-distance dispersal of seeds of the progenitor of F. multinervis via birds or typhoons to Ulleungdo may have been a single event, whereas the immigration of pollen from the mainland likely occurred frequently. Comparative phylogeographic studies of other species endemic to Ulleungdo Island and their close relatives on the neighboring mainland are necessary for a more complete understanding of the evolution of the island's native species.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2008

DNA methylation is involved in tissue-specific gene control and essential for normal embryo development Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) is one of the most important transcription factors for early differentiation. This study was performed whether the bovine Oct-4 is tissue specific or developmental dependent epigenetic mark, we investigated transcripts and the methylation status of CpGs of 5'-promoter region of Oct-4 in bovine preimplantation embryos. Oct-4 transcripts were highly detected in morula and blastocyst, while they were present low levels in sperm and 2- to 8-cell stage embryos. These results suggest that de novo expression of Oct-4 initiates at morula stage of embryogenesis. Here we determined that there is a tissue-dependent differentially methylated region (T-DMR) in the 5'-promoter region of Oct-4. The methylation status of the Oct-4 T-DMR was distinctively different in the oocyte from that in the sperm and adult somatic tissues and changed from zygote to blastocyst stage, suggesting that active methylation and demethylation occur during preimplantation development. Based on these results, the 5'-promoter region of Oct-4 gene is target for DNA methylation and the methylation status changes variously during embryonic development in bovine.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.88-94
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• 2014

The present scientific scenario shows that, the long-distance dispersal of any species plays a major role in population as well as the flow of individual between populations. However, newly recorded plant at Dokdo was confirmed by using morphological and molecular markers of nrDNA and cpDNA. This scientific study has identified the plant species was as a Euonymus hamiltonianus Wall. (Celastraceae). And after careful studies, the laboratory results shows that the distribution of tree species at Dokdo as an Oceanic Island is a meaningful thing because of the inflow of plant in adverse condition of environment such as a shallow soil layers and steep terrain. So it is necessary to continuous monitor for the inflow of non-indigenous plant into Dokdo.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2014

The genus Echinochloa (L.) P. Beauv. comprised of approximately 30-40 species in the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world, including numerous interspecific and intraspecific types which make the genus difficult to identify. As an attempt to identify the species within the genus easier, the taxonomy of the genus Echinochloa, Poaceae in Korea was reviewed on the basis of sequencing data derived from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and external transcribe spacer and chloroplast DNA trnL intron, trnL-F intergenic spacer and matK regions using a total of 46 accessions representing all the species in Korea. The results of maximum parsimony found separate lineage comprised of E. colona and E. frumentaceae which are not Korean species, but no resolution within Korean Echinochloa species, supporting the suggestion of Yamaguchi group that E. crus-galli, E. oryzoides, and E. esculenta should be considered to belong to the same species. However, the relationship between these three species and the other species, i.e. E. oryzicola should be better understood with more detail studies.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 2004

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in particular base contexts are known to induce immunity in vertebrate cells. In insect, however, it was recent to find out that ODNs induces insect immunity as other immune inducer such as lipopolysaccharide. However, the finding was solely based on one lepidopteran insect, Bombyx mori, and the expression of insect immunity was neither dependent on numbers of CpG repeats nor methylation of CpG repeats within ODNs. Instead, foreignness of DNA has been suggested to be a key factor governing induction of antibacterial peptide. In this study, we expanded our previous understanding to the potentiality of ODNs as an immune inducer for antifungal peptide in Galleria mellonella and B. mori. To do this, a defensin-type antifungal peptide gene, reported from G. mellonella was cloned and partially sequenced from G. mellonella and B. mori successfully and utilized as a probe in the Northern blot analysis. We found out that ODNs also work as an immune inducer for antifungal peptide in the fat body and midgut of G. mellonella and B. mori larvae. Also, induction pattern of antifungal peptide was irrelevant to the numbers of CpG repeats within ODNs as previously reported on the induction pattern of antibacterial peptides.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.149-151
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• 2018

Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming pathogenic bacterium, which belongs to the Clostridiaceae family. C. perfringens causes diseases including food poisoning in vertebrates and intestinal tract of humans. Bacteriophages that can kill target bacteria specifically have been considered as one of control methods for bacterial pathogens. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of the bacteriophage CP3 effective to C. perfringens. The phage genome comprises 52,068 bp with a G + C content of 34.0%. The draft genome has 74 protein-coding genes, 29 of which have predicted functions from BLASTp analysis. Others are conserved proteins with unknown functions. No RNAs were found in the genome.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1092-1096
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• 2008

Commercial food products from major cities of Coahuila, Mexico were screened to identify residues of transgenic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and/or proteins. After performed, an inventory on all products that contained a soybean-based ingredient in a commercial grocery store in the city of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, 245 food products were identified and grouped in 15 classes according to the soybean ingredient as well as the manufacturing process used for their elaboration. Similar sampling was made for the different food classes in the cities of Monclova, Piedras Negras, and Torreon. A total of 88 samples were analyzed and DNA was extracted by the hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) technique with slight modification to obtain better DNA quality (1). In addition, segments of the transgenic genes one that codifies for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps), cry 1A, and the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) promoter were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The transgenic proteins 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) and insecticidal crystal protein (Cry 1Ab/Ac) were identified using double antibody sandwich-enzymatic linked immunoassay analysis (DAS-ELISA). Presence of transgenic genes and/or proteins was identified in 35.3% of the commercial products samples.