• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2007

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE mediated hypersensitivity disorder, which is associated with mainly gastrointestinal symptoms and has a delayed onset. The vomiting and/or diarrheal symptoms of FPIES typically begin in the first month of life in association with a failure to thrive, metabolic acidosis, and shock. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of FPIES and neonatal or infantile sepsis-like illnesses or gastroenteritis is difficult. The early recognition of indexes of suspicion for FPIES may help in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. The diagnosis of FPIES is generally made through clinical practice and food-specific IgE test findings are typically negative in this condition. Therefore, oral cow's milk challenge (OCC) remains the valid diagnostic standard for FPIES. An investigation of positive OCC outcomes helps to find out a diagnostic algorithm of criteria of a positive challenge in FPIES. Moreover, it has not been clearly determined in infantile FPIES when $1^{st}$ follow up-oral food challenge (FU-OFC) should be performed, with what kind of food protein (e.g., cow's milk, soy), and how much protein should be administered. Hence, to prevent the risk of inappropriate FU-OFC or accidental exposure and achieve appropriate dietary management, it is necessary to identify tolerance rates to major foods under the careful follow up of infantile FPIES patients. On the other hand, small intestinal enteropathy with villous atrophy is observed in FPIES and this enteropathy seems to be in part induced by both of epithelial apoptosis and intercellular junctional complex breakdown. The purpose of this report is to introduce an update on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in FPIES and suggest the possible histopathological evidences in this disorder.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.499-507
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• 2016

In this study, traditional culture method and 16S rRNA gene analysis were applied to reveal the composition and diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of fermented cow milk, huruud and urum from Baotou and Bayannur of midwestern Inner Mongolia. Also, the quantitative results of dominant LAB species in three different types of dairy products from Baotou and Bayannur were gained by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) technology. Two hundred and two LAB strains isolated from sixty-six samples were identified and classified into four genera, namely Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and twenty-one species and subspecies. From these isolates, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (32.18%), Lactobacillus plantarum (12.38%) and Leuconosto mesenteroides (11.39%) were considered as the dominated LAB species under the condition of cultivating in MRS and M17 medium. And the q-PCR results revealed that the number of dominant species varied from samples to samples and from region to region. This study clearly shows the composition and diversity of LAB existing in fermented cow milk, huruud and urum, which could be considered as valuable resources for LAB isolation and further probiotic selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.486-495
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• 2012

Twenty four periparturient cows were used to determine the effects of DCAD on acid-base balance, plasma and urine mineral concentrations, health status, and subsequent lactation performance. Each group of 12 cows received either a diet containing -100 DCAD or +100 DCAD for 21 d prepartum. Both anionic and cationic groups were divided into two groups, one received a +200 DCAD and the other +400 DCAD diet for 60 d postpartum. Prepartum reduction of DCAD decreased DMI, urinary and blood pH, urinary concentrations of Na or K and increased plasma and urinary Ca, Mg, Cl and S. Also cows fed -100 DCAD diet consumed the most dry matter in the first 60 d after calving. Postpartum +400 DCAD increased milk fat and total solid percentages, urinary and blood pH and urinary Na and K concentrations, but urinary Ca, P, Cl and S contents decreased. Greater DMI, FCM yields were observed in cows fed a diet of +400 DCAD than +200 DCAD. No case of milk fever occurred for any diets but feeding with a negative DCAD diet reduced placenta expulsion time. In conclusion, feeding negative DCAD in late gestation period and high DCAD in early lactation improves performance and productivity of dairy cows.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.344-353
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hydrolyzed formula is often fed to infants with gastrointestinal or immune issues, such as malabsorption or cow's milk allergy, because enzymatic treatment has rendered it more digestible and less allergenic than standard cow's milk formula (SF). Partially hydrolyzed formula (PHF) should be considered for those infants who are intolerant to extensively hydrolyzed formula. However, there are concerns about the nutritional insufficiencies of PHF. We aimed to evaluate the effects of PHF on the growth and health indicators in infants who were at high-risk of allergic disease and potential candidates for consuming PHF. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 83 infants aged 0-2 mon with a family history of allergies were assigned to consume either PHF or SF until 24 weeks of age. Anthropometric measures were obtained at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks; blood samples were drawn and evaluated at the end of the study. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in weight, height, and weight-for-height at any time point in each sex between the PHF and SF groups. At 24 weeks of age, the weight-for-age and height-for-age z-scores of the SF group were higher than those of the PHF group, but there was no significant difference in the weight-for-height z-score. There were no significant differences in levels of white blood cells, hemoglobin, ferritin, protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, eosinophil cationic protein, and immunoglobulin E. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there were no differences in growth and blood panels between the infants consuming PHF or SF. Therefore, infants who are unable to tolerate SF can be fed PHF without nutritional concerns about growth.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2001

강원도 지역에 적응성이 있는 품종을 선정하기 위해서 5개 시험지에서 11개 품종으로 1997년부터 2000년 동안에 수행된 결과를 분석하였다. 품종이 가지고 있는 유전적 특성은 환경요인과의 상호작용을 거쳐 발현되므로 장려품종을 선정하기 위하여 수행하는 다지역검정에서 이 유전자-환경간 상호작용을 평가하는 것은 품종의 환경안정성과 지역적응성을 올바르게 파악하는 데 매우 중요하다. 이를 위해서 기존에 활용되어 온 회귀분석모델로서 안정성을 분석하였고 AMMI model로서 지역별 수량성 반응의 변화양상을 토대로 유전자-환경간간의 상호작용을 해석하면서 각 시험지별 적응성 품종과 지역적 특성을 검토하였다. 1. 각 시험지에 대한 수량안정성 평가를 위한 회귀분석 결과 오봉벼, 진미벼, 신운봉벼, 운봉벼 등이 안정성이 있는 품종이었다. 2. AMMI 분석에 의한 수량성에 대한 분산분석 결과 전 변이중 품종변이가 66％, 품종-환경간 상호작용변이가 21％, 지역간 변이가 13％였다. 21％의 품종-환경간 상호작용 변이는 주성분분석을 통하여 제1주성분치(IPCAl)와 제2주성분치 (IPCA2)에 의해서 거의(92％) 해석되었다. 3. 품종들의 지역간 수량성 변화패턴은 육성모지나 시험지 등에 영향을 받았고, 5개 시험지의 수량변화 양상은 철원과 정선, 춘천과 고성이 비슷하였고 강릉은 다르게 구분되었다. 품종-환경간 상호작용 양상이 축약된 주성분분석치와 시험지별 재배기간동안의 순별 평균 기상자료와의 상관분석 결과를 기준으로 품종과 환경간의 상호작용에 관여하는 주요 기상요인은 초상최저온도, 최소상대습도, 일조시수 강수량 등이었다. 4. 비교적 환경안정성이 있는 품종으로는 오대벼, 오봉벼, 진부벼 등이었다. 철원에 적응성이 있는 품종은 진부벼, 신운봉벼, 오대벼, 오봉벼 등에었고, 춘천에는 진미벼 상주벼, 오대벼, 오봉벼가 정선, 강릉, 고성에는 진부찰벼, 삼천벼, 둔내벼 , 운봉벼, 진부올벼가 적응성이 있었다. 0.57, Fe 0.414, p 94.68, fat 3.74, protein 3.08, lactose 4.68,4. In case of processed market cow′s milk ; Ca 134.72, K 142.74, Mg 10.33, Na 45.07, Zn 0.50, Fe 0.650, p 92.48, fat 3.72, protein 3.07, lactose 4.74. According to the group of market milk(milk, fortified market row′s milk, processed market cow′s milk), the mean concentration of Ca and Fe were significantly higher in fortified and processed milk than milk(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in macronutrient(fat, protein, lactose) and mineral contents between pasteurized milk and UHT(ultra high temperature) treated milk($\alpha$=0.05). The labeled "Nutritional Facts" of market milk were satisfied with "Labeling Standards for Livestock Products of Korea". The measured mean concentrations of Ca, Fe, Zn were generally higher than lower limit of labeled value(above 80% of labeled value). The mean concentration of sodium was lower than upper limit of labeled value(below 120％

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1258-1264
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 건조하지 않은 감귤부산물을 첨가한 TMR사료를 홀스타인 젖소에게 급여하고 생산한 원유의 성분 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 초산우와 경산우를 대상으로, 감귤부산물 TMR사료를 급여하지 않은 젖소의 원유를 T0구, 그리고 감귤부산물 TMR사료를 급여한 젖소의 원유를 T1구이라 하였으며, 각각 7 마리의 젖소에서 착유한 원유의 분석치를 1반복으로 하고, 3반복 실행하였다. 초산우 및 경산우 모두 원유의 수분, 조단백질, 조지방, 조회분 함량 및 열량은 T0구 및 T1구 사이에 유의적 차이가 없었다. 원유의 콜레스테롤 함량은 초산우 및 경산우 모두 T0구보다 T1구가 낮게 나타났으며 경산우의 경우 T1구가 유의하게 낮은 값을 보였다(p<0.05). 원유의 무기질 함량은 초산우의 경우 Na와 S, 경산우의 경우 Na, Cu, Fe 및 S가 T1구에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 초산우와 경산우 모두 T0구 및 T1구의 구성아미노산 총량, 포화지방산과 불포화지방산의 조성비, 그리고 모든 유리 지방산의 조성비는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 초산우와 경산우 원유의 비타민 A, E, $B_1$, $B_2$ 및 $\beta$-carotene 함량 중 초산우의 비타민 $B_1$은 T0구보다 T1구가 유의적으로 많고(p<0.05), 나머지는 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1237-1246
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for lactation milk yield (LY), lactation length (LL), average milk yield per day (YD), initial milk yield (IY), peak milk yield (PY), days to peak (DP) and parameters (ln(a) and c) of the modified incomplete gamma function (MIG) in an Ethiopian multibreed dairy cattle population. The dataset was composed of 5,507 lactation records collected from 1,639 cows in three locations (Bako, Debre Zeit and Holetta) in Ethiopia from 1977 to 2010. Parameters for MIG were obtained from regression analysis of monthly test-day milk data on days in milk. The cows were purebred (Bos indicus) Boran (B) and Horro (H) and their crosses with different fractions of Friesian (F), Jersey (J) and Simmental (S). There were 23 breed groups (B, H, and their crossbreds with F, J, and S) in the population. Fixed and mixed models were used to analyse the data. The fixed model considered herd-year-season, parity and breed group as fixed effects, and residual as random. The single and two-traits mixed animal repeatability models, considered the fixed effects of herd-year-season and parity subclasses, breed as a function of cow H, F, J, and S breed fractions and general heterosis as a function of heterozygosity, and the random additive animal, permanent environment, and residual effects. For the analysis of LY, LL was added as a fixed covariate to all models. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using average information restricted maximum likelihood procedures. The results indicated that all traits were affected (p<0.001) by the considered fixed effects. High grade $B{\times}F$ cows (3/16B 13/16F) had the highest least squares means (LSM) for LY ($2,490{\pm}178.9kg$), IY ($10.5{\pm}0.8kg$), PY ($12.7{\pm}0.9kg$), YD ($7.6{\pm}0.55kg$) and LL ($361.4{\pm}31.2d$), while B cows had the lowest LSM values for these traits. The LSM of LY, IY, YD, and PY tended to increase from the first to the fifth parity. Single-trait analyses yielded low heritability ($0.03{\pm}0.03$ and $0.08{\pm}0.02$) and repeatability ($0.14{\pm}0.01$ to $0.24{\pm}0.02$) estimates for LL, DP and parameter c. Medium heritability ($0.21{\pm}0.03$ to $0.33{\pm}0.04$) and repeatability ($0.27{\pm}0.02$ to $0.53{\pm}0.01$) estimates were obtained for LY, IY, PY, YD and ln(a). Genetic correlations between LY, IY, PY, YD, ln(a), and LL ranged from 0.59 to 0.99. Spearman's rank correlations between sire estimated breeding values for LY, LL, IY, PY, YD, ln(a) and c were positive (0.67 to 0.99, p<0.001). These results suggested that selection for IY, PY, YD, or LY would genetically improve lactation milk yield in this Ethiopian dairy cattle population.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2002

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) characterized the cancer hazard of di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) as a B2 group (probable human carcinogen) and proposed "Guide-lines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment". This guidelines proposed alternative methods for analyzing carcinogen dose-response data and for extrapolating the effects of observed at high dose to predict that might occur at lower doses relevant to human exposure. This proposed guidelines state that "If in a particular case, the evidence indicated a threshold, as in the case of carcinogenicity being secondary to another toxicity that has a threshold, the margin of exposure analysis for toxicity is the same as is done for a non-cancer endpoint". DEHP is excellent candidate for reconideration under the new guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment (John Doull et al., 1998). This study is conducted about risk assessment for infant exposure on DEHP in powdered milk wing methodology in EPA's new guideline on carcinogenic risk assessment. Estimated cancer risk of DEHP in powdered milk and cow milk is 2.83$\times$$10^5$ (using cancer potency: 1.4$\times$$10^2$/ (mg/kg/day)) as mean and MOE is 12075 (using selected NOEL 20 mg/kg/day) as mean. mg/kg/day) as mean.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.127-133
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• 1999

'Gunja' is attributable to the plant Abrus precatorius L. (Leguminosae). Three forms with red, brown and another with white seeds are known to occur in this species and are employed for different therapeutic uses viz. as purgative, emetic, aphrodisiac, tonic and also as an abortifacient. According to some Ayurvedic literature the seeds are poisonous and should be given to the patients after proper processing ('Shodhan'). A comparative study of various phytochemical parameters, namely, percentage of successive extractives, total proteins, tannins, total ash and acid insoluble ash of these three forms of the processed (with cow's milk and Kanji) and unprocessed seeds was done. TLC and densitometric scanning of successive extractives was also carried out to serve as markers for processed and unprocessed seeds. The percentage of proteins, tannins, alcohol and water soluble extractives decreased in the processed material. Besides, their acute toxicity, CNS activity were also studied in albino mice and it was found that white seeds are more toxic as compared to the red and brown. The toxic effect was reduced with the processing. Further, the 'Kanji' processed seeds are less toxic than the milk processed one.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2011

본 시험은 국내에 도입되기 시작한 AMS에 대하여 설치 동기, 설치 후 우유생산량과우유품질, AMS 설치계기 및 설치 후 만족도, AMS 운영상 애로점 및 건의사항 등을 조사 분석하였다. 설치 계기가 무엇인가에 대한 응답비율은 노동력 부족 44%, 체험목장으로 전환 25%, 소들의 고능력화에 대응 19% 순이었으며 기타 6%였다. AMS 설치농가의 사육경력은 평균 24.9년, 평균 연령은 53.2세로 나타났으며 가족노동력만으로 경영하는 목장이 조사농가의 38%, 고용+자가노동력 형태의 목장이 63%로 나타났다. 목장의 산유능력은 두당 평균 유량은 1일 $30.9{\ell}$, 평균 유지율 3.9%, 세균수는 9.1천개/$m{\ell}$ 수준이었다. 후계자 육성에 대한 질문에 매우 그렇다라고 응답한 비율은 68%였으며, 보통 18%, 아니다와 매우 아니다라고 응답한 비율은 18%로 나타났다. 시스템 운영현황 및 애로사항을 파악하기 위하여 AMS의 프로그램 주운영자에 대한 질문에 본인 44%, 부인 6%, 자녀 또는 후계자사람이 44%, 기타 6%나 되었다. AMS 운영상 가장 어려운 점에 대한 조사결과, 기기 작동 및 복잡한 프로그램 운영이 각각 31%로 가장 많았다. 그 외 기계 에러 및 고장에 대한 애로사항이 25%이였다. 도태원인에 대하여 유방염 28%, 번식장애 20%, 발굽질환 19%, AMS에 부적합한 유두 배열 12%, 분만 후 대사성질병 7%, 노산 등 기타 14%였다. 시스템 설치 후 유지보수 계약 체결유무 및 비용에 대하여 유지보수 계약 56%, 유지 보수 계약 미체결 44%이었다. 유지보수 계약 평균 계약비용은 연간 658만원 정도였다. 시스템 설치 후 항목별 만족도에 대하여 5점 만점에 3.9점이었으며, 노동력 절감 3.7점, 업체의 A/S 3.6점, 산유량 증가 3.2점, 원유의 체세포 수 저감 2.8점이었다. 시스템 설치 시 고려사항 및 건의사항에 대하여 고가의 장비를 효율적으로 사용하기 위하여 젖소의 유방과 유두 배열이 적합하도록 젖소를 선발하는 것, 시스템을 운용할 수 있는 능력, 적합한 환경, 재정적 능력과 부지 확보, 지속적인 관찰 등이 권장되어야 할 것으로 나타났으며, 설치 업체에 대해서는 컨설팅이 체계화될 필요가 가장 높게 나타났으며 이어서 보다 저렴한 설치와 서비스의 체계화를 요구하는 결과를 보였다.