• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2007

In the paper, considers the design of a detection system, consisting of n identical detectors, to process the sum of spatially invariant signal fields $S_\jmath(t)$, an additive, homogeneous, spatially isotropic (in the array plane x). covariance_separable, and zero_mean Gaussian random noise field n(t, x). consisting of arrey receivers for use in optical communication through optimum turbulence atmosphers and covriance_circuit, staistical analysis through detection the maximum gain are compared with analysis theoretical analysis theoretical value and get through experimental measured value, as well the measured valus are confirmed to agreement joint Gaussian theoretical curves.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.903-905
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• 1997

Morphological differences were studied using the analysis of covariance between various partial length and mantle length of the common Todarodes pacificus by cohorts in the Korean waters. Analysis of seven morphological characters proved that each cohort has no sexual differences, except significant sexual differences only in the Summer cohort in term of relative growth between mantle length and body weight. The three cohorts represent significant differences in morphological characters.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.453-463
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• 2004

The Antarctic Peninsula is important in terms of global warming research due to pronounced increase of air temperature over the last century. The first eddy covariance system was established at King Sejong Station located in the northern region of the Antarctic Peninsula in December of 2002 and has been operated over one year. Here, we analyze turbulent characteristics to determine quality control criteria for turbulent sensible heat flux data as well as to diagnose the possibility of long term eddy covariance measurement under extreme weather conditions of the Antarctic Peninsula. We also report the preliminary result on sensible heat flux. Based on the analyses on turbulent characteristics such as integral turbulence characteristics of vertical velocity (w) and heat (T), stationarity test and investigation of correlation coefficient, they fallow the Monin-Obukhov similarity and eddy covariance flux data were reliable. ${\sim}47%$ of total retrieved sensible heat flux data could be used for further analysis. Daytime averaged sensible heat flux showed a pronounced seasonal variation, with a maximum of up to $300Wm^{-2}$ in summer. In conclusion, continuous and long-term eddy covariance measurement may be possible at the study site and the land surface may influence the atmosphere significantly through heat transport in summer.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2023

Objective: The growth and development of the mandible strongly depend on modeling changes occurring at its ramus. Here, we investigated covariance patterns between the morphology of the ramus and the rest of the face. Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 159 adults (55 males and 104 females) with no history of orthodontic treatment were collected. Geometric morphometrics with sliding semi-landmarks was used. The covariance between the ramus and face was investigated using a two-block partial least squares analysis (PLS). Sexual dimorphism and allometry were also assessed. Results: Differences in the divergence of the face and anteroposterior relationship of the jaws accounted for 24.1% and 21.6% of shape variation in the sample, respectively. Shape variation was greater in the sagittal plane for males than for females (30.7% vs. 17.4%), whereas variation in the vertical plane was similar for both sexes (23.7% for males and 25.4% for females). Size-related allometric differences between the sexes accounted for the shape variation to a maximum of 6% regarding the face. Regarding the covariation between the shapes of the ramus and the rest of the face, wider and shorter rami were associated with a decreased lower anterior facial height as well as a prognathic mandible and maxilla (PLS 1, 45.5% of the covariance). Additionally, a more posteriorly inclined ramus in the lower region was correlated with a Class II pattern and flat mandibular plane. Conclusions: The width, height, and inclination of the ramus were correlated with facial shape changes in the vertical and sagittal planes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.43.1-43.7
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• 2018

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.701-718
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• 2006

In cancer microarray experiments, the experimenter or patient which is nested in each experimenter often shows quite heterogeneous error variability, which should be estimated for identifying a source of variation. Our study describes a Bayesian method which utilizes clinical information for identifying a set of DE genes for the class of subtypes as well as assesses and examines the experimenter effect and patient effect which is nested in each experimenter as a source of variation. We propose a Bayesian multilevel mixed effect model based on analysis of covariance (ANACOVA). The Bayesian multilevel mixed effect model is a combination of the multilevel mixed effect model and the Bayesian hierarchical model, which provides a flexible way of defining a suitable correlation structure among genes.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2002

Poorly-posed problems in the balanced discriminant analysis was considered. We restrict consideration to the case of observations and the number of variables are the same and small. When these problems exist, we do not use a maximum likelihood estimates(MLE) to estimate covariance matrices. Instead of MLE, an alternative estimate for the covariance matrices are proposed. This alternative method make good use of two regularization parameters, $\lambda$} and $\gamma$. A new test rule for the discriminant function is suggested and examined via limited hut informative simulation study. From the simulation study, it is shown that the suggested test rule gives better test result than other previously suggested method in terms of error rate criterion.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.98-105
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• 2000

In this study, we developed rotating machine vibration condition monitoring system based upon Windows NT and DSP Board. Developed system includes signal analysis module, trend monitoring and simple diagnosis using threshold value. Trend analysis and report generation are offered with database management tool which was developed in MS-ACCESS environment. Post-processor, based upon Matlab, is developed for vibration signal analysis and fault detection using statistical pattern recognition scheme based upon Bayes discrimination rule and neural networks. Concerning to Bayes discrimination rule, the developed system contains the linear discrimination rule with common covariance matrices and the quadratic discrimination rule under different covariance matrices. Also the system contains k-nearest neighbor method to directly estimate a posterior probability of each class. The result of case studies with the data acquired from Pyung-tak LNG pump and experimental setup show that the system developed in this research is very effective and useful.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 1980

The method of principal component analysis is originated by K. Pearson, who considered this as geometrical method Principal component analysis is the most elementary method, and this means that the information having various type of characteristics which have been correlated among themselves, are summarized by orthogonal transformations of characteristics. I: Even though we have different result whether this method is applied to homogeneous population or not. In this research we should deal with the case of homogeneous population only. II: On the other hand, we can have different result whether we start from covariance matrix or matrix of correlation- coefficients. In this research we are studying based on covariance matrix.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 2006

Singular value decomposition (SDV) approach is applied to the observability analysis of GPS/INS in this paper. A measure of observability for a subspace is introduced. It indicates the minimum size of perturbation in the information matrix that makes the subspace unobservable. It is shown that the measure has direct connections with observability of systems, error covariance, and singular structure of the information matrix. The observability measure given in this paper is applicable to the multi-input/multi-output time-varying systems. An example on the observability analysis of GPS/INS is given. The measure of observability is confirmed to be less sensitive to system model perturbation. It is also shown that the estimation error for the vertical component of gyro bias can be considered unobservable for small initial error covariance for a constant velocity horizontal motion.