• Wind and Structures
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 1998

Torsional flutter occurs at 2D rectangular cylinders with side ratios B/D smaller than about 8 or 10. On the other hand, slender cylinders indicate the occurrence of coupled flutter, which means the coupled derivatives of slender cylinders have more significant role for flutter instability than that of bluffer ones. In this paper, based upon so called "Step-by-step analysis", it is clarified the coupled derivatives stabilize torsional flutter instability of bluffer cylinders (e.x. B/D=5), while they destabilize torsional flutter or coupled flutter instabilities of mores slender cylinders. The boundary of them exists between B/D=5 and 8.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1246-1257
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• 2004

The objective of this paper is to characterize dynamic pressure traces measured at self-excited combustion instabilities occurring in two combustion systems of different hardware. One system is a model lean premixed gas turbine combustor and the other a fullscale bipropellant liquid rocket thrust chamber. It is commonly observed in both systems that low frequency waves at around 300㎐ are first excited at the onset of combustion instabilities and after a short duration, the instability mode becomes coupled to the resonant acoustic modes of the combustion chamber, the first longitudinal mode for the lean premixed combustor and the first tangential mode for the rocket thrust chamber. Low frequency waves seem to get excited at first since flame shows the higher heat release response on the lower frequency perturbations with the smaller phase differences between heat release and pressure fluctuations. Nonlinear time series analysis of pressure traces reveals that even stable combustion might have chaotic behavior with the positive maximum Lyapunov exponent. Also, pressure fluctuations under combustion instabilities reach a limit cycle or quasi-periodic oscillations at the very similar run conditions, which manifest that a self-excited high frequency instability has strong nonlinear characteristics.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.75-96
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• 2001

Actual buckling curves are always characterised by the erosion of ideal buckling curves. In case of compact sections this erosion is due to the imperfections, while for thin-walled members, a supplementary erosion is induced by the phenomenon of coupled instabilities. The ECBL approach- Erosion of Critical Bifurcation Load - represents a practical and convenient tool to characterise the instability behaviour of thin-walled members. The present state-of-art paper describes the theoretical background of this method and the applications to cold-formed steel sections in compression and bending. Special attention is paid to the evaluation methods of erosion coefficient and to their validation. The ECBL approach can be also used to the plastic-elastic interactive buckling of thin-walled members, and the paper provides significant results on this line.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2006

Theoretical-numerical approach of combustion instability in a specific rocket engine is conducted with parametric response functions. Fluctuating instantaneous burning rate is assumed to be functionally coupled with acoustic pressures and have a finite or time-varying amplitudes and phase lags. Only when the amplitudes and phases of combustion response function are sufficiently large and small respectively, the triggered unstable waves are amplified.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.1095-1099
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• 2017

A fission source can act as a stabilization element in coupled Monte Carlo simulations. We have observed this while studying numerical instabilities in nonlinear steady-state simulations performed by a Monte Carlo criticality solver that is coupled to a xenon feedback solver via fixed-point iteration. While fixed-point iteration is known to be numerically unstable for some problems, resulting in large spatial oscillations of the neutron flux distribution, we show that it is possible to stabilize it by reducing the number of Monte Carlo criticality cycles simulated within each iteration step. While global convergence is ensured, development of any possible numerical instability is prevented by not allowing the fission source to converge fully within a single iteration step, which is achieved by setting a small number of criticality cycles per iteration step. Moreover, under these conditions, the fission source may converge even faster than in criticality calculations with no feedback, as we demonstrate in our numerical test simulations.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.133-145
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• 2020

In this study, nonlinear vibrations and dynamic instabilities of a smart embedded micro shell conveying varied fluid flow and subjected to the combined electro-thermo-mechanical loadings are investigated. With the aim of designing new hydraulic sensors and actuators, the piezoelectric materials are employed for the body and the effects of applying electric field on the stability of the system as well as the induced voltage due to the dynamic behavior of the system are studied. The nonlocal piezoelasticity theory and the nonlinear cylindrical shell model in conjunction with the energy approach are utilized to mathematically modeling of the structure. The fluid flow is assumed to be isentropic, incompressible and fully develop, and for more generality of the problem both steady and time dependent flow regimes are considered. The mathematical modeling of fluid flow is also carried out based on a scalar potential function, time mean Navier-Stokes equations and the theory of slip boundary condition. Employing the modified Lagrange equations for open systems, the nonlinear coupled governing equations of motion are achieved and solved via the state space problem; forth order numerical integration and Bolotin's method. In the numerical results, a comprehensive discussion is made on the dynamical instabilities of the system (such as divergence, flutter and parametric resonance). We found that applying positive electric potential field will improve the stability of the system as an actuator or vibration amplitude controller in the micro electro mechanical systems.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2017

This work employed density functional theory to investigate the structural and ferroelectric properties of the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phase of lead titanate, $Pb_2TiO_4$, as well as its phase transitions with epitaxial strain. A wealth of novel structural instabilities, which are absent in the host $PbTiO_3$ material, were identified in the RP phase through phonon soft-mode analysis. Our calculations showed that the ground state of $Pb_2TiO_4$ is antiferroelectric, distinct from the dominant ferroelectric phase in the corresponding host material. In addition, applied epitaxial strain was found to play a key role in the interactions among the instabilities. The induction of a sequence of antiferroelectric and antiferrodistortive (AFD) phase transitions by epitaxial strain was demonstrated, in which the ferroic instability and AFD distortion were cooperative rather than competitive, as is the case in the host $PbTiO_3$. The RP phase in conjunction with strain engineering thus represents a new approach to creating ferroic orders and modifying the interplay among structural instabilities in the same constituent materials, enabling us to tailor the functionality of perovskite oxides for novel device applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2012

Dynamic characteristics of combustion occurring in various combustion devices have been extensively studied since most of high-performance combustion devices are susceptible to hazardous, unstable combustion that deteriorates combustor's lifetime. One of the most severe unstable combustion phenomena is high-frequency combustion instability in which heat release fluctuations from combustion are coupled to resonant modes of the combustor. Here in this study, characteristics of high-frequency combustion instabilities observed in three different combustion devices have been presented. Lean-premixed combustion instability occurs mainly due to equivalence ratio fluctuations which induce large heat release oscillations at lean conditions. Liquid-fueled combustion also shows high-frequency instability from energy coupling between pressure and heat release oscillations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.179-200
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• 1996

The intrinsic instabilities of fluid flow occurred in the melt of the Czochralski crystal growth system Czochralski method, asymmetric flow patterns and temperature profiles in the melt have been studied by many researchers. The idea that the non-symmetric structure of the growing equipment is responsible for the asymmetric profiles is usually accepted at the first time. However further researches revealed that some intrinsic instabilities not related to the non-symmetric equipment structure in the melt could also appear. Ristorcelli had pointed out that there are many possible causes of instabilities in the melt. The instabilities appears because of the coupling effects of fluid flow and temperature profiles in the melt. Among the instabilities, the B nard type instabilities with no or low crucible rotation rates are analyzed by the visualizing experiments using X-ray radiography and the 3-D numerical simulation in this study. The velocity profiles in the Silicon melt at different crucible rotation rates were measured using X-ray radiography method using tungsten tracers in the melt. The results showed that there exits two types of fluid flow mode. One is axisymmetric flow, the other is asymmetric flow. In the axisymmetric flow, the trajectory of the tracers show torus pattern. However, more exact measurement of the axisymmetrc case shows that this flow field has small non-axisymmetric components of the velocity. When fluid flow is asymmetric, the tracers show random motion from the fixed view point. On the other hand, when the observer rotates to the same velocity of the crucible, the trajectory of the tracer show a rotating motion, the center of the motion is not same the center of the melt. The temperature of a point in the melt were measured using thermocouples with different rotating rates. Measured temperatures oscillated. Such kind of oscillations are also measured by the other researchers. The behavior of temperature oscillations were quite different between at low rotations and at high rotations. Above experimental results means that the fluid flow and temperature profiles in the melt is not symmetric, and then the mode of the asymmetric is changed when rotation rates are changed. To compare with these experimental results, the fluid flow and temperature profiles at no rotation and 8 rpm of crucible rotation rates on the same size of crucible is calculated using a 3-dimensional numerical simulation. A finite different method is adopted for this simulation. 50×30×30 grids are used. The numerical simulation also showed that the velocity and flow profiles are changed when rotation rates change. Futhermore, the flow patterns and temperature profiles of both cases are not axisymmetric even though axisymmetric boundary conditions are used. Several cells appear at no rotation. The cells are formed by the unstable vertical temperature profiles (upper region is colder than lower part) beneath the free surface of the melt. When the temperature profile is combined with density difference (Rayleigh-B nard instability) or surface tension difference (Marangoni-B nard instability) on temperature, cell structures are naturally formed. Both sources of instabilities are coupled to the cell structures in the melt of the Czochralski process. With high rotation rates, the shape of the fluid field is changed to another type of asymmetric profile. Because of the velocity profile, isothermal lines on the plane vertical to the centerline change to elliptic. When the velocity profiles are plotted at the rotating view point, two vortices appear at the both sides of centerline. These vortices seem to be the main reason of the tracer behavior shown in the asymmetric velocity experiment. This profile is quite similar to the profiles created by the baroclinic instability on the rotating annulus. The temperature profiles obtained from the numerical calculations and Fourier transforms of it are quite similar to the results of the experiment. bove esults intend that at least two types of intrinsic instabilities can occur in the melt of Czochralski growing systems. Because the instabilities cause temperature fluctuations in the melt and near the crystal-melt interface, some defects may be generated by them. When the crucible size becomes large, the intensity of the instabilities should increase. Therefore, to produce large single crystals with good quality, the behavior of the intrinsic instabilities in the melt as well as the effects of the instabilities on the defects in the ingot should be studied. As one of the cause of the defects in the large diameter Silicon single crystal grown by the

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.173-195
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• 2013

Meshfree methods are known to have the capability to overcome the strict regularization requirements and numerical instabilities that encumber the finite element method (FEM) in large deformation problems. They are also more naturally suited for problems involving material perforation and fragmentation. To take advantage of the high efficiency of FEM and high accuracy of meshfree methods, a coupled finite element (FE) and reproducing kernel (RK, one of the meshfree approximations) formulation is described in this paper. The coupling of FE and RK approximation is implemented in an evolutionary fashion, where the extent and location of the evolution is dependent on a triggering criteria provided by the material constitutive laws. To enhance computational efficiency, Gauss quadrature is applied to integrate both FE and RK domains so that no state variable transfer is required when mesh conversion is performed. To control the hourglassing that might occur with 1-point integrated hexahedral grids, viscous type hourglass control is implemented. Meanwhile, the FEM version of the K&C concrete (KCC) model was modified to make it applicable in both FE and RK formulations. Results using this code and the KCC model are shown for the modeling of concrete responses under quasi-static, blast and impact loadings. These analyses demonstrate that fragmentation phenomena of the sort commonly observed under blast and impact loadings of concrete structures was able to be realistically captured by the coupled formulation.