• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.111-122
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• 2017

This study analyzes the current state of entrepreneurship education and start-up foundations by country in order to find ways to improve the domestic entrepreneurial environment and to promote the recognition of desirable entrepreneurship practices. It also investigates the relationship between entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial will, and the level of opportunity-based entrepreneurships, by using data from the 2016 Global Entrepreneurship Trend Report (GETR). First, the results show the urgent need for the expansion of entrepreneurship education in Korea. In the GETR category of 'experience of entrepreneurship education in elementary, middle and high schools', Korea was ranked very low (19th place), among the 20 countries. In the 'college' and 'lifelong entrepreneurship education' categories, it procured a mid-level ranking (15th). While entrepreneurship education for all ages is being promoted globally, entrepreneurship education for middle-aged individuals in Korea is relatively weak. This implies that the expansion of entrepreneurship education to lifelong education and education for employees and retirees is required. Second, the individual's entrepreneurial intention in Korea was 3.8 points, implying a mid-level ranking (15th), and it ranked the lowest in terms of opportunity-based entrepreneurship (20th). In comparison to China (4.55) and the United States (4.01), the entrepreneurial intention of Koreans was found to be low. The level of opportunity-driven entrepreneurship was also found to be very low, compared to China (4.35), Japan (4.04) and the United States (4.59). In general, the proportion of the level in opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, increases from the factor-driven and efficiency-driven, to the innovation-driven type. In Korea, the percentage of entrepreneurial ventures centered around involuntary entrepreneurship and small businesses is high. It is also interpreted that opportunity-based entrepreneurships are low in number because of this high proportion of involuntary start-up and small businesses. Last, the entrepreneurial intention in all types (factor-driven, efficiency-driven, and innovation-driven) was exceptionally high. It has been confirmed that exposure to all entrepreneurship education (elementary, junior high, university, and lifelong education) in innovation-driven countries, greatly increases entrepreneurial intention. In the case of Korea, which is an innovation-driven country, qualitative improvement based on quantitative expansion of entrepreneurship education is expected to be a major driving force for individuals' entrepreneurial intention to obtain a mid-level ranking (15th).

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.79
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• pp.5-32
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• 2024

The Korean government ranked 3rd among 193 UN member countries in the UN's 2022 e-Government Development Index. Korea, which has consistently been evaluated as a top country, can clearly be said to be a leading country in the world of e-government. The lubricant of e-government is data. Data itself is neither information nor a record, but it is a source of information and records and a resource of knowledge. Since administrative actions through electronic systems have become widespread, the production and technology of data-based records have naturally expanded and evolved. Technology may seem value-neutral, but in fact, technology itself reflects a specific worldview. The digital order of new technologies, armed with hyper-connectivity and super-intelligence, not only has a profound influence on traditional power structures, but also has an a similar influence on existing information and knowledge transmission media. Moreover, new technologies and media, including data-based generative artificial intelligence, are by far the hot topic. It can be seen that the all-round growth and spread of digital technology has led to the augmentation of human capabilities and the outsourcing of thinking. This also involves a variety of problems, ranging from deep fakes and other fake images, auto profiling, AI lies hallucination that creates them as if they were real, and copyright infringement of machine learning data. Moreover, radical connectivity capabilities enable the instantaneous sharing of vast amounts of data and rely on the technological unconscious to generate actions without awareness. Another irony of the digital world and online network, which is based on immaterial distribution and logical existence, is that access and contact can only be made through physical tools. Digital information is a logical object, but digital resources cannot be read or utilized without some type of device to relay it. In that respect, machines in today's technological society have gone beyond the level of simple assistance, and there are points at which it is difficult to say that the entry of machines into human society is a natural change pattern due to advanced technological development. This is because perspectives on machines will change over time. Important is the social and cultural implications of changes in the way records are produced as a result of communication and actions through machines. Even in the archive field, what problems will a data-based archive society face due to technological changes toward a hyper-intelligence and hyper-connected society, and who will prove the continuous activity of records and data and what will be the main drivers of media change? It is time to research whether this will happen. This study began with the need to recognize that archives are not only records that are the result of actions, but also data as strategic assets. Through this, author considered how to expand traditional boundaries and achieves reterritorialization in a data-driven society.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.38
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• pp.327-376
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• 2008

China is marking 9.4% annual growth rate in average since 1978. GDP reached $1090 in 2003 as the first time and China ranked at 4th with their economy size in 2006. One of the remarkable change in China is the extension of foreign open-door policy. China joined WTO in the end of 2001 and it strengthen the foundation of Chinese market economy structure and encouraged the inflow of foreign capital. While 400 of the 500 global corporations advanced into China, the economy trade has been rapidly increasing between Korea and China. The economy trade in both countries has been regularized since 1992 and the annual trade is tending upwards in last 15 years. Korean trade toward China reached 134,400 million which is increased 27 times compared with the total of 1982. In this period, Korean trade toward China marked 24.5% in Export increasing rate and 16.7% in import increasing rate. China became the 2nd biggest export country of Korea in 2001 and became the top in 2003. As the China foreign direct investment has been increasing rapidly, the number of Korean companies advanced into China has been remarkably increasing. By focusing on a thorough review of the nationally published documents of Korean-Chinese business management research during more than two decades (1981-2004), the present paper has been systematically classified and analyzed the current status of Korean-Chinese business management research. The paper raised some important issues regarding Korean-Chinese business management research and predominantly, its future prospects are outlined. In the paper, the documents which are registered in the Korean Academic Processing Foundation registration of journals and candidate registration of journals have been classified by: research purpose, main subject, research method and the results. Careful analysis among the research clarified the active and inactive business management research fields. This clarification enables us to get a better understanding of the current research of Korean-Chinese business management, and more importantly, it pointed out to the direction of future development of research. In addition, the systematic classification made by this paper may contribute to the decision making of subject index of Korean-Chinese business management research since there has been no classification standard of it until now.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.91-104
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• 2017

This paper examines the export structure of Gwangyang Port and evaluates its comparative advantage from 2005 to 2016 using the Comparative Advantage by Countries (CAC) index. It is found that: (i) Gwangyang Port has a comparative advantage in HS 39 and HS 28, an unstable comparative advantage in HS 29 but a comparative disadvantage in HS 72; and (ii) 4 items have the common features of losing their comparative advantage. Constant market share analysis allows one to evaluate why the exports of one region may grow faster than world exports. This consists of the commodity composition effect, the scale effect, and the competitive effect. Constant market share analysis shows that the commodity composition effect influences exports negatively while the scale effect does exports positively. Shift-share analysis can help evaluate the change in a region's performance relative to the nation over a given period of time. The result indicates that HS 28 has not only favorable industrial mix effect but high competitive share effect, while HS 29 has unfavorable industrial mix effect as well as low competitive share effect. This paper also reveals that industrial mix effect of HS 39 is positive but its competitive share effect is negative, whereas the former is negative but the latter is positive in case of HS 29.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.319-326
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• 2016

Recently multicultural female population is increasing of our country as international marriages increase. With oral care programs, conducting follow-up surveys on multicultural women's oral health condition to figure out the condition and examining improvements and related factors, it tried to contribute to building oral care programs for the future of multicultural families. The study participants were recruited from multi-cultural family center in a metropolis, they were treated their oral conditions at local dental clinics during a year. All participants were 608 people, and among them, one year follow-up sample was 40 women. An interview questionnaire was used to collect information on socioeconomic level and general characteristics related to oral status, through oral examination were conducted to obtain dental caries experience and periodontal conditions. The statistical analysis was done by using the SPSS 20.0 program. Comparing the results between before and after oral health program for an year, DMFS, DS, FS, DT, FT and CPI were significantly decreased during a year. The present study increases interest about multicultural women and family and we look forward to using it as basic data for oral health promotion.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.72-89
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• 2018

Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate the application of Sifeng point (EX-UE 10) in children and to make suggestions for domestic research and clinical application by reviewing relevant randomized controlled trials. Methods Eight electronic databases including English, Chinese, Korean databases were comprehensively searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of Sifeng point in children up to May 2, 2018. We extracted the year of publication, country, target diseases or symptoms, location of Sifeng, acupuncture method; such as acupuncture tool and depth of insertion, and frequency, number, and duration of the treatment. Results Fifty studies were included for analysis. All the included studies were conducted in China, and studies were published from 1962 to 2017. The most frequent target symptom was anorexia (46%). In addition, Sifeng point was used for digestive diseases or symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, and mesenteric lymphadenitis, as well as respiratory diseases or symptoms such as cough, cold, acute bronchiolitis, recurrent respiratory tract infections, bronchopneumonia, and asthmatic bronchitis. Also, allergic diseases such as chronic urticaria, and other variety of symptoms such as malnutrition, fever, and iron-deficiency anemia were treated with the Sifeng point. The location of Sifeng points was inconsistent, and the most common location of the Sifeng point was the midpoint of transverse creases of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring and little fingers (84.2%). The most commonly used acupuncture tool was three-edged needle (40.9%). All included studies have the method of squeezing out blood or mucus from the Sifeng points. The treatment was mostly conducted once per week (35.4%), mostly repeated for 4 times (32.6%). The most common treatment duration was 4 weeks (18.6%). Conclusions We could identify acupuncture method and various indications for the Sifeng points treatment. Based on this study, there is a need for the clinical application and related researches on the Sifeng points in children in Korea. In addition, the treatment location of Sifeng point should be standardized.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.351-362
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate and compare the degree of professional self -concept (PSC) of the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNP) in hospitals and public health centers and to identify the factors predicting PSC of them, in order to provide basic data for developing PSC increasing program PSC. The 355 PMHNP were sampled from the university or general hospitals. mental hospitals, community mental health centers and public health centers across the country. The scales used in this study were PSCNI by Arthur (1990), PSI by Heppner & Petersen (1982) and the Index of work satisfaction by Slavitt et al. (1978). The results of the study were as follows : 1. The average item score of PSCNI of PMHNP in hospitals was $2.83\pm0.27$, and that of PMHNP in public health centers was $2.76\pm0.28$. There was significantly different between two groups (p=0.0202) 2. A comparison of the scores for the dimensions of the PSCNI were as follows ; the mean item score of professional practice of nurses in hospital was $2.90\pm0.30$, and that in public health centers was $2.83\pm0.35$. There were significant differences between two groups in the scores of professional practices (p=0.0315), leadership (p=0.0071) and skills (p=0.0231). 3. There were significant differences between two groups according to education (p=0.0057) with no significant interaction effect of group and education. 4. Job satisfaction (JS) was the highest factor predicting PSC of PMHNP in hospitals $(34.5\%)$, and problem solving inventory score (PS) was the highest factor predicting PSC of PMHNP in public health centers $(33.6\%)$. JS and PS accounted for $42.6\%$ in PSC of PMHNP in hospitals. and PS, JS, age, marital status, religion, and career accounted for $57.6\%$ in PSC of PMHNP in public health centers. In the light of these results. to gam the professional self-concept. nurses should be educated continuously through role modeling in clinical nursing and research. Also, nurse educators and administrators need to develop programs and policies to increase professional self-concept of nurses, particularly of community PMHNP.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.181-200
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• 2003

Comovement of international stock market prices has been lately a major controversy in the global stock market. This paper explores whether the common trend has really existed among the US, Japan and Korea's stock markets using the econometric techniques such as VAR, VECM as applied. Pair of indices from the exchange market and the over-the-counter market in each country has been tested, and the exchange market only has been turned out that the common trend existed. The dynamic analyses using the Granger causality test, impulse response function, and the forecast error decomposition have followed to show that the US stock market has played some important role in the Korea and Japan's market in the exchange as well as in the OTC market. The results of the paper imply that the more careful investigation with respect to the co-integration may be necessary in the global market integration studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to suggest the quantitative standard of a marginal village. For the purpose, the study selected 43 villages with the population of 50 or less, the classification of a marginal village in accordance with advanced research and 47 villages with the population over 50 in Buyeo-gun region. The common reason of occurrence of a marginal village suggested by advanced research is a characteristic of a village or decline and extinction of a village rather than a simple index of population or aging rate. Therefore, the study assumed that decline of functions of the village would be caused by decline a function of communities consisting of the villagers. The study then assumed that the relatively low or 0 number or rate of participants would result in community functions. The study conducted t-test on basis of population and aging rate and an analysis to find the range with relatively large differences in the number of communities, participants and the rate of the participants, etc. The result showed that the community function began to decline when the population was less than 60~70 and the aging rate over 75%~85%. As the decline of functions of communities began in population of 70, the critical point was met when the population was 40 or less. With population of 40 or less, the young and the old group communities became extinct or showed rapid decrease in the number of participants. The study assumed that decline of functions of a village, a reason of occurrence of a marginal village would be decline of functions of communities, but there was no further analysis on decline or extinction of a village with population of 40 or less. There shall be further studies about whether a village of population of 40 or less is led to decline of a function or extinction of village communities.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2020

There is always a risk of water disasters due to sudden storms in mountainous regions in Korea, which is more than 70% of the country's land. In this study, a radar-based risk prediction technique for sudden downpour is applied in the mountainous region and is evaluated for its applicability using Mt. Biseul rain radar. Eight local heavy rain events in mountain regions are selected and the information was calculated such as early detection of cumulonimbus convective cells, automatic detection of convective cells, and risk index of detected convective cells using the three-dimensional radar reflectivity, rainfall intensity, and doppler wind speed. As a result, it was possible to confirm the initial detection timing and location of convective cells that may develop as a localized heavy rain, and the magnitude and location of the risk determined according to whether or not vortices were generated. In particular, it was confirmed that the ground rain gauge network has limitations in detecting heavy rains that develop locally in a narrow area. Besides, it is possible to secure a time of at least 10 minutes to a maximum of 65 minutes until the maximum rainfall intensity occurs at the time of obtaining the risk information. Therefore, it would be useful as information to prevent flash flooding disaster and marooned accidents caused by heavy rain in the mountainous area using this technique.