• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2013

Whole cotton seed (WCS) has become one of the major feed ingredients in TMR for dairy cattle in Korea, and WCS for feed use is mostly imported from abroad. Since this genetically modified oil seed is usually fed to the animal in raw state, its germination ability, if last long, often causes concerns about ecological disturbances. In the process of looking for effective conditions to remove germination ability of WCS this study had the objectives to evaluate the nutritional effects of gamma irradiation at doses of 8, 10 and 12 kGy on changes in nutrient contents, anti-nutritional factors, in vitro digestibility and ruminal degradability. No significant differences were found in proximate analysis of nutrients between raw WCS and gamma irradiated one. Glycine and threonine contents significantly increased when the WCS was exposed to gamma ray as compared to untreated WCS (p<0.05). As for fatty acid composition, no significant differences were observed with the irradiation treatment. Free gossypol in WCS was decreased (p<0.05) by gamma irradiation treatment. Of the 3 different levels of gamma irradiation, a dose of 12 kGy was found to be the most effective in reducing free gossypol concentration. Results obtained from in situ experiment indicated that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy significantly (p<0.05) lowered rumen degradability of both dry matter and crude protein as compared with raw WCS. However, there were no significant differences in rapidly degradable and potentially degradable fractions of crude protein due to 10 kGy gamma irradiation. Overall, this study show that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy is the optimum condition for removing germination ability of WCS, and could improve nutritive value for the ruminant with respect to the decrease in both ruminal protein degradability and gossypol content of WCS.

• Carbon letters
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.245-248
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• 2006

Thin films of carbon-nano materials (CNMs) of different morphology have been successfully deposited on ceramic substrate by CVD at temperatures $800^{\circ}C$, $850^{\circ}C$ and $900^{\circ}C$ using plant based oils in the presence of transition metal catalysts (Ni, Co and Ni/Co alloys). Based on the return and insertion loss, microwave absorption properties of thin film of nanocarbon material are measured using passive micro-Strip line components. The result indicates that amongst CNMs synthesized from oil of natural precursors (mustered oil - Brassica napus, Karanja oil - Pongamia glabra, Cotton oil - Gossipium hirsuta and Neem oil - Azadirachta indica) carbon nano fibers obtained from neem's seed oil showed better microwave absorption (~20dB) in the range of 8.0 GHz to 17.90 GHz.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.661-673
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• 1994

We have gathered a fatty acid to recycle the waste oil of food manufacturing process, and then made a soap from the waste oil by alkali saponification. Effects of the washing elements such as the concentration of the soap, temperature and time were evaluated to find out the optimum washing conditions, and results are as follows. 1. We could find soaps made from the soybean oil (A), corn oil (B), rape seed salad oil (C), cotton seed oil (D) and a soap consisting of the each oil 25% respectively (I) had the lowest surface tension at the concentration of 0.225% -0.25%. Compared with the single fatty-acid soap, the multi-component soap I showed the lower surface tension at the cmc. 2. All the samples of A-I showed the lowest contact angle for the solid material at the concentration of 0.25%. The multi-component soap of I showed higher contact angle than the single.component soaps of A, B, C and D. 3. The soap G, made from the waste oil, show lower surface tension than 5, made from the complex raw fats of the eatable fatty oil acid and H, commercial soap. 4. The washing efficiency depends on the washing time. Especially the 25-minute was found to be the optimum washing time. 5. The highest washing efficiency was found at the 0.25% cont. reagardless of the washing temperature. At 0.15% concentration level the washing efficiency reduces as washing tem- perature increases. At 0.3% concentration level the highest washing efficiency was found between $50^{\circ}$-$60^{\circ}$. 6. The soap made from the waste oil showed the highest washing efficiency in terms of concentration, temperature, and time. 7. The soap made from the waste oil showed the similiar concentration of hydrogen ion to the synthetic detergent. 8. The hand value of the fabric washed by the soap made from the waste oil was a little lower value than those washed by the synthetic detergent.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

Non-edible vegetable oils instead of edible vegetable oils as a substitute for diesel fuel are getting a renewed attention because of global reduction of green house gases and concerns for long-term food and energy security. Out of various non-edible vegetable oils, karanja, mahua, linseed, rubber seed and cotton seed oils are selected in this study. A brief review of recent works related to the application of the above five vegetable oils and its derivatives in CI engines is presented. The production technologies of biodiesel based on non-edible vegetable oils are introduced. Problems in vegetable oil or biodiesel fuelled CI engine are included. In addition, future works related to spray characteristics of non-edible vegetable oil or biodiesel from it are discussed. The biodiesel fuel, irrespective of the feedstock used, results in a decrease in the emission of hydrocardon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) and sulphur dioxide ($SO_2$). It is also said to be carbon neutral as it contributes no net carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Only oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are reported to increase which is due to oxygen content in the biodiesel fuel. The systematic assessment of spray char-acteristics of neat vegetable oils and its blends, neat biodiesel and its blends f3r use as diesel engine fuels is required.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Objectives : Gossypium arboreum (cotton) is traditionally used to treat various health disorders. However, anti-amnesic effect of G. arboreum has not been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate in-vivo the anti-amnesic effects along with in vitro antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition potential in G. arboreum seed essential oil. Methods : The essential oil of G. arboreum obtained by solid phase microextraction (SPME) techniques were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay were performed to determine the antioxidant activity at various concentrations (312.5, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000, 10000 ㎍/㎖. Y-maze, passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests were carried out to evaluate improved effect on scopolamine (1 mg/kg)-induced memory dysfunction at the dose level of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Donepezil (5 mg/kg) was used as a positive drug control. We performed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity assay in ex vivo. Results : Five volatile compounds were identified in G. arboreum. The assays of DPPH and ABTS revealed that G. arboreum increased antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. G. arboreum ameliorated the percent of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test, shortened step-through latency in the passive avoidance test, and increased swimming time in the target zone in the Morris water maze test. In addition, G. arboreum inhibited the AChE activity. Conclusions : Based on these findings, G. arboreum may aid in the prevention and treatment of learning and memory-deficit disorders through antioxidant and AChE inhibitory activities.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 1987

참깨종실(種實)을 56개월(個月) 저장(貯藏)한 후 함유량(含油量)은 참깨 100g당(當) 수확 직후(直後) 50.3g이 45.5g으로 감소(減少)되었고 산가(酸價)는 1.8이 13.4로 크게 증가(增加)하였으나 sterylester는 9.9mg이 6.7mg으로 sterylglycoside가 3.8mg에서 8.3mg으로 크게 변화(變化)하였고 불(不)감화물(化物)은 24.3mg이 20.9mg로 감소(減少)되였으며 분회별(分劃別) sterol은 4,4-dimethylsterol 및 4-monomethylsterol이 감소(減少)한 반면(反面) 4-desmethylsterol은 78.5%가 90.7%로 증가(增加)되었다. 4-desmethylsterol의 sterol 조성변화(組成變化)는 campesterol 및 stigmasterol은 거의 변화(變化)가 없으나 sitosterol은 51.0%에서 48.2%로 감소(減少)한 반면(反面) ${\Delta}^5-avenasterol$은 15.2%에서 18.4%로 증가(增加)되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.434-439
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• 1986

우리나라에서의 목화재배는 방적원료생산이 아닌 혼수용을 위한 제면원료 생산이란 의미에서만이 재배적인 의미를 찾을 수 있게 되었다. 본 연구는 제면원료 수요양시과 양질솜 다수확재배를 위해 비닐멀칭재배를 도입, 목화수량과 품질에 미치는 효과를 검토했던 바 관행무피복재배보다 배 이상의 증수효과를 얻게 되었다. 그 결과를 요약하면다음과 같다. 1. 출현기와 개화소요일수에서 비닐피복은 관행무피복보다 모든 파종기에서 빠르고, 짧았으며 비닐피복파종에서는 파종기가 빠를수록 개화소요일수가 단축되었다. 2. 개노소요일수에서도 비닐피복파종기가 빠를수록 2∼7일 단축되었고 무피복재배에 비해서는 무려 8∼15 일이나 비닐피복재배가 단축되었다. 3. 초장, 결과지수, 주당삭수에서는 비닐피복은 무피복보다 초장에서 2∼29cm 더 길어서 생육이 장대하였고 결과지수는 4월 10일 조파비닐피복이 무피복보다 거의 2배나 많았으며 주당삭수에서도 4월10일 조파 비닐피복이 관행무피복보다 주당 15∼24개가 더 달려 2배가되었다. 4. 적심면수량은 무피복보다 비닐피복이 큰 차이로 많았으며 파종기별 비닐피복에서는 빠를수록 많아서 조파 4월 10일 비닐피복이 무피복보다 128％나 더 많았는데 적심면비율은 무피복 79％ 4월 10일 비닐피복이 99%였다. 5. 소면수량과 소면비율에서는 무피복보다는 비닐피복이, 파종기는 빠를수록 소면비율이 높았으며 따라서 소면수량도 4월 10일 조파비닐피복이 무피복보다 수원 001에서 76％(104kg/ 10a) 목포 7호에서 90％(93kg/10a) 증수되었다. 6. 수원과 무안 2개 지역에서의 비닐피복 효과는 무피복보다 비닐피복이 수원에서 최고 90% 소면수량이 증수되었고 무안에서는 최고 168％ 증수되어 비닐피복 증수효과가 남부인 무안에서 더 컸다. 7. 목화섬유장과 면실유 지방산조성에서는 비닐피복이 무피복보다 섬유장에서 약간 더 길었으며 면실유의 주지방산인 리놀산은 4월 10일 조기비닐피복 파종이 무피복보다 높아 양질지방산조성이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.431-436
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• 1985

유리스테롤은 참깨종자유 1g당 $2.33{\sim}3.87mg$으로서 총스테롤의 $36.5{\sim}52.2%$이며 결합스테롤은 $3.47{\sim}4.06mg$이었다. 참깨종자유중 불검화물은 15.9mg/g이며 이중 4-데스매틸스테롤이 55.6%로 가장많고 4-데스메틸스테롤의 조성은 시토스테롤이 29.5%로 가장많고 캄페스테롤이 9.8%, $\Delta^5$-아베나스테롤은 6.6%, 스티그마스테롤은 5.9%이었다. 저장중 스테롤의 변화는 캄페스테롤은 포리에틸렌포대저장에서 4개월까지는 증가하다가 그 이후는 감소하였고, 스티그마스테롤은 암소저장에서 4개월까지는 증가하다가 그 이후는 다시 약간 증가하였다. 또한 시토스테롤의 변화는 무명포대저장의 경우 4개월까지는 증가하다가 그 이후는 급격하게 감소하였으나 포리세틸렌포대의 경우 4개월까지는 거의 변화가 없고 그 이후 9개월까지는 약간 증가하다가 다시 감소 하였다. 그러나 ${\Delta}^5$-아베나스테롤은 변화가 거의 없었다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary n-3/n-6 fatty acid (FA) ratio on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), fermentation indices and FA profile. Rice bran was mixed with oil sources (cotton seed oil and linseed oil) to make the diets at 0.02, 0.29 and 0.61 of dietary n-3/n-6 FA ratio. These diets (0.5g) were placed into the incubation bottles with 40 ml of anaerobic culture medium, which contained rumen fluid and Van Soest medium at 1:2 ratio. Five replicates of each diet and two blanks were incubated at $39^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. After incubation, the incubated contents were centrifuged. The residues were freeze-dried for DMD and FA analyses. The supernatant was used for pH, $NH_3-N$ and volatile fatty acid analyses. The concentrations of lactate (p<0.001) and iso-valerate (p<0.001) decreased linearly with increasing dietary n-3/n-6 FA ratio, but acetate concentration (p=0.056) and the ratio of acetate to propionate (p=0.005) was increased linearly. The concentrations of n-3, n-6 FA and the ratio of n-3/n-6 FA in residues increased (p<0.001) linearly with increasing dietary n-3/n-6 FA ratio, but C18:1n-9 FA concentration was decreased (p<0.001) linearly. With these results, it could affect fermentation characteristics and FA profile of rumen content by dietary n-3/n-6 FA ratio.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 1998

Conjugated linoleic acid(CLA)의 생성과 식품중의 함량 및 유지에 대한 항산화효과를 알아보기 위하여 methyl linoleate(LA)와 대두유(SBO)를 20$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 40$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 그의 생성량을 측정하였고 상용되고 있는 시판우유 6종류와 쇠고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기, 그리고 청어, 고등어, 삼치, 꽁치 중의 CLA함량을 측정하였다. 또한 CLA, BHT, tocopherol을 기질 대두유에 첨가하고 40$\pm$ 1$^{\circ}C$에서 저장하고, 상승제로서 citric acid를 같이 첨가하여 60$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 POV를 측정하여 항산화효과를 비교하였으며 또한 이들을 180$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$에서 가열하면서 그의 효과를 동시에 측정한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. LA에서의 CLA의 생성은 20$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 경우, 28일째에 초기량(188ppm)의 약 14배 이상으로 증가되었으며 40$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$에서는 14일까지 생성량이 증가되나 그 이후는 감소되었다. 대두유에서도 20$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$인 때 14일까지 생성량이 높았으며 40$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$인 때는 7일까지 생성량이 증가되나 그 이후 약간씩 감소되어 LA 및 SBO 모두 20$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$인 때에 CLA의 생성 이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 식물성 기름 중에서 CLA함량은 유채유에 348ppm으로 가장 높았으며 40$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$에서 저장시 면실유의 경우 초기에 292ppm이던 것이 저장 28일째에 1322 ppm으로 증가되고 또한 POV도 10.05 meq/kg oil로 낮아 CLA의 생성이 매우 유효하였다. 대두유는 저장 7일에 767 ppm으로 상당히 큰 증가량을 보인 반면 유채유는 대체적으로 저장시 에 감소되었다. 3. 시판 우유중의 CLA함량은 293~2148 ppm이었으며 제조회사에 따라 크게 차이가 있었고 육류중에서는 돼지고기에 2370ppm으로 높았으며 생선 중에서는 삼치에 1040 ppm으로 높았으며, 삼치를 조림했을 경우에는 2039 ppm으로 증가되었다. 4. 저온 저장시 CLA의 유지에 대한 항산화효과는 대두유에서는 초기 7일에는 tocopherol 보다는 크고 BHT와 거의 유사하였으며, 21일 이후에는 항산화효과가 없고 오히려 산화를 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 CLA의 첨가량이 많을수록 항산화효과는 떨어졌으나 상승제인 citric acid가 공존하면 항산화효과가 BHT나 tocopherol보다 더 높게 나타났다. 옥수수유에서 CLA의 항산화효과는 저장 중 BHT나 tocopherol 보다 항산화효과가 높게 나타나 기질유지의 종류에 따라 차이가 있었다 180$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$에서 유지를 가열하는 경우에는 CLA의 항산화효과가 크게 나타났으며 그 정도는 BHT나 tocopherol과 거의 유사하였고 저온 저장시의 경우 보다 더 높은 항산화효과를 보였다