• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.121-135
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the image evaluation and the preference of tailored jacket according to the body type and the degree of satisfaction with their body of middle-aged women. The subjects used for this study were three hundred and twenty three middle-aged women ranging from 35 to 50 years old. We measured their bodies and asked them report to the questionnaire. The results are as follows. 1) Middle-aged women were classified into four typical types of body. The type 1 was tall and thin and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter X. The type 2 was the tallest and the medium of fatness and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter H that the lower part of the body is short. The type 3 was the medium of height and width and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter A that the upper part of the body is short compared with their height. The type 4 were the shortest and the fattest and had a front view silhouette with the form of a letter Y that the lower and upper parts of the body is the longest. 2) Middle-aged women roughly tended not to be satisfied with part of their body. The results showed that a neck was the most satisfied body part and the weight was the least satisfied as well as overall leg shape among all 13 body parts. 3) The type 1 had the highest the degree of satisfaction on their face size, upper arm girth, waist, hip girth, weight and body shape, etc., excepting hip shape among 4 body types.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.137-156
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the general status of wearing clothes and clothing purchase of middle-aged women in the 40's to 50's, the patterns and colors of clothes they prefer, clothing preference related with fitting or such, and also complaints. And this paper also divides the middle-aged women into those in the 40's and 50's to analyze how they differ in terms of the apparel brands and fitting they prefer and also the status of wearing clothes. For the research, a survey was performed to 350 women, and the survey data went through x2 and t-test analysis by using SPSS 20.0 to examine significant difference. The results of this study are as follows: the women in the 40's included as the subjects showed a high frequency of clothing purchase from casual brands or SPA brands and regarded design to be important at the clothing purchase. Meanwhile, the women in the 50's indicated a higher frequency of clothing purchase of middle-aged women's apparel brands, outdoor brands, madam clothes, or designer brands and thought activity to be crucial at the clothing purchase. As the women in the 40's and 50's showed difference in the brands they preferred, particularly the fitting indicated difference in terms of dissatisfaction. While those in the 40's preferring and buying young casual showed particularly more fitting problems in the arm-hole girth, upper arm circumference, bust size, and thigh or hip area, those in the 50's indicated fitting problems in the hip circumference or waist measurement. It is expected that this study will be used as foundational data to set up the target age by related apparel companies or develop clothes with great size fitting and design satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.49
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• pp.25-48
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for classification of somatotype for boys of elementary school age. The subject were 458 elementary school boys aged from 7 to 12 living in Pusan, Data were collected by 57 anthropometric and 11 photographic measurements and analyzed by factor analysis according to SAS package 1. Through the factor analysis by each period of school ages 6-7 factor were obtained in upper half and they are as followings: 1) Factor 1 is horizontal size of upper half in every period 2) Factor 2 is vertical size of upper half in every period 3) Factor 3 is shoulder shape in the first period and length of upper half in the middle and latter period 4) Facto 4 sis length of upper half in the first period and shoulder shape in the middle and latter period 5) Factor 5 is angle shape of the breast and back in the first period angle shape of the lower breast and back in the middle of period and angle shape of the upper breast and back in the latter of period 6) Factor 6 is angle of shoulder in the first period angle shape of the upper breast and back in the middle of period and angle shape of the lower breast and back in the latter of period 7)Factor 7 is angle of shoulder in the latter of period 2. Through the factor analysis by each period of school ages 5-6 factor were obtained in lower half and they are as followings: 1) factor 1 is horizontal size of upper half in every period 2) Factor 2 is vertical size of upper half in every period 3) Pactor 3 is angle shape of the belly and upper buttock in the first period and length of lower half in the middle and latter period 5) Factor 5 is angle shape of the lower buttock in the first period angle shape of the upper belly and buttock in the middle of period and angle of the side posture in the latter of period 6) Factor 6 is angle shape of the lower buttock in the middle of period and angle shape of the lower belly and buttock

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.205-216
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• 2000

The purpose of study examined of historical changes of western men's nightclothes from middle ages to the modern ages and analyzed functions and features of men's nightclothes. This study presented meaning and importance of men's nightclothes. The method of study researched the many literatures and internet sources. Until medieval age, men slept naked or in a day-shirt. In the 16th century, a nightshirt was worn in bed. A night-cap was usual, in rather more elaborate form, also worn by day in the house, and even outdoors. In the 17th century, nightshirt was elabrated with ruffles and lace. The nightshirts of 18th century, resembled the day-shirt except that it was slightly longer and fuller in cut. The turn of 19th century, men weared nightshirt with a high folding collar, one button and night-cap of jellybag shape. In the early 19th century, nightshirt had a plain turned-down collar, buttoned at the neck. A night-cap with colored tassel was usual. The middle of 19th century, a nightgown was reaching to the ankle. Pyjamas, in the 1890s, were steadily replacing the nightshirt, before long pyjamas had become generally accepted in place of the nightshirt. A pyjamas which preseverved his male dignity by giving him trousers. Man's ingenuity also modified his nigntclothes so that these took on sexual characteristic. In 20th century, the fabrics had become lighter in weight, and the choice of materials wider. By 1930s, nightclothes had become the man's most colorful garment.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.123-143
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• 1994

The aim of this research analyze women's preference in types and formation of skirt lines by their ages and body shapes. The aim of this study is for women to select clothing which can cover their shortcomings and to present the practical and positive data about skirt design to clothing maker. The results of this research are summarized as followed : Tight skirt is the beest preferred and flare is the next. Narred silhouettes re preferred about th width of each kind of skirt, but as for the gored and flare skirts middle-width silhouettes are preferred. Preferred lengths of the skirts are different from ages; the middle like minilines, the thirties like miniline, the thirties and the forties natural line, and the fifties midiline, and according to body shapes, the skinny or standard shape like natural line and the fat midiline. All age prefer natural waist line, and twenties and the skinny like high waist line and belt compared to fifties and the fat. All ages like dart-treated skirt waist and wrinkle-decoration with narrow vertical lines or tuck-decoration with narrow horizontal line. White and blue are preferred colors of skirts in spring and summer, the skinny and the standard like blue, whereas the fat like black. All ages like soft materials and one-colored skirts without patterns Adult women like jipper to open waist of a skirt. Most of them like back positioned one, but fifties and the fat prefer side positioned ones.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2005

Fibulae have been used as clothing fasteners throughout history. They were especially popular with the Celts, but were also used by the Greeks, Romans, Saxons, and Vikings, to name a few. The earliest examples are found in the Mediterranean and Middle East, and date from 800 B. C. and earlier. Their use continues today, in the form of the modern safety pin. The first fibulae of the Bronze Age were very simple, much like modern safety pins. The form of this small functional object varies from simple to extravagant since it is also seen as a piece of jewelry, and is thus subject to the evolution of style. Its size depends on the thick/Jess of the clothing to be attached. Its fabrication demonstrates a great mastery of metal work. Fibulae would vary with the taste and wealth of the wearer. The Fibulae were divided into 10 styles according to the shape, Fibulae with Safety pin shaped style, Penannular shaped style, Animal shaped style, Diamond shaped style, Radiated head shaped style, Horsefly shaped style, Arched bow shaped style, Fan-shaped style, Trumpet shaped style, Arched-fan shaped style.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.441-460
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• 2002

Funeral culture, which came to being along with the death of human beings, has developed through many changes in the background, culture, religion and custome of the times, having variant cultures depending on each nation or era. This study is designed to historically and systematically classify funeral rituals and costumes which have constantly changed in a special funeral culture from ancient times to modern times so as to investigate the features of each age. The researcher worked on Western funeral cultures, focusing on Egypt and Rome of ancient times, Creek times, the Middle Ages, recent and modern times ages, referring to literature, precedent studies, domestic and international technical books, pictures and drawings in relation to death and funeral services. Western funeral rituals were designed for offering condolence to the dead, but also used to show off the status of the mourners and the position of the dead persons. The mourning dress were utilized to indicate mourning in accordance with the colors, materials and the ways of wearing them, serving as a vehicle for showing off one's own status.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.26
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• pp.279-288
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• 1995

The objective of the study was to provide fun-damental data on somatotype for elderly women by classifying the somatotype and analyzing the characteristics of their somatotype. The subjects were 368 women ages of 60∼84, they were measured direct anthropometry. In or-der to find out differences among the age groups, the 368 subjects were grouped into two age groups(Group 1 aged 60 to 69, Group 2 ; aged 70 to 84) Data were analyzed using Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, Duncan test and Analysis of variance. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The characteristics of Elderly women's somatotype were bending of the upper-torso, fat-ness of the waist and abdomen, drooping of the bust and shoulder and hip. In addition, height, girth, depth and width items were decreased in their sizes respectively. 2. Through the factor analysis, we extracted 5 factors from anthropometric measurements. Factor components were obesity, height, girth of the leg and arm, length of the upper-torso except the center front length, the center front length, we categorized by 4 clusters using 5 factor scores. And after the cluster analysis using 5 factor scores, 4 clusters were categorized. The characteristics of clusters were as follows. Type 1 was characterized by short, obesity type, and droopy bust. Type 2 was characterized by short and slender type, dropped bust, and bending somatotype from the lateral view. Type 3 was characterized by middle sized and straight somatotype from the lateral view. Type 4 was characterized by tall and obese type from the lateral view.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.46
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• pp.143-158
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of home environment school life adjustment and demographic variables on the adolescents' clothing attitudes The subjects were 682 middle and high school boys and girls(boys. 342, girls:340) in Seoul Korea. Modesty of boys was influenced by parent's education(-) academic record achievement tendency of home and allowance(-) $(R^2$=8.6%) and girls influenced by affection of home(-) allowance(-) age and academic record$(R^2$=11.2%). Clothing satisfaction of boys was influenced by parents' education self-control tendency of home and school life adjustment$(R^2$=19.4%). girls influenced by allowance affection of home parents' education school life adustment and self-control of home$(R^2$=20.3%) Age was most important in predicting the wearing of regulative clothes of boys. followed by allowance and academic record(-)$(R^2$=26.7%) allowance was most important in girls followed by academic record(-), and achievement tendency of home $(R^2$=19.0%). The present findings mean that the more allowance adolescents received and the lower the academic record the lower the modesty and the their the wearing of regrlative clothes. The school life adjustment and home environment such as achievement affection and self-control tendency were meaningful variables That affect clothing attitude of adolescent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.143-154
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to investigate elderly, middle-aged female consumers' design and material preferences for lounge wear and after understanding senescent women's propensity to purchase lounge wear. The subject of research were to those living in the Seoul and capital region and 612, which did not comprise missing values, were collected and used for data analyses. All the age groups including those in their 50s and 60s prefer jacket and pants styles the most and these styles are the most favored as lounge wear as well. Those in their 50s and 60s prefer a round neckline the most while those in their 70s favor a V neckline the most. Analyses of sleeve styles of senescent women show that all the age groups favor a straight set, or a sleeve design, the most. Although the aged people investigated in this research have relatively high purchasing power, it is found that they tend to buy low priced lounge wears. Reviewing all of the above-mentioned results, the prices of garments for senescent people will be set in consideration of their economic level, so that good quality commodities may be produced and sold at different prices.