• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제39권5_6호
• /
• pp.895-918
• /
• 2021

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) also known as sleeping sickness, is a neglected tropical vector borne disease caused by trypanosome protozoa transmitted by bites of infected tsetse fly. The basic reproduction number, R₀ derived using the next generation matrix method which shows that the disease persists in the population if the value of R₀ > 1. The numerical simulations of optimal control model carried out to determine the control strategy that can combat HAT under the minimum cost. The results indicate that, the use of both education campaign, treatment and insecticides are more efficient and effective to eliminate HAT in African community but too costly. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness of the control measures (education campaign, treatment and insecticides) were determined using incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) approach and the results show that, the use of education and treatment of infected people as the best cost effective strategy compared to other strategies.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건설관리학회 2002년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.419-422
• /
• 2002

현대 건설산업의 특징은 전문화, 복잡화, 대형화 등으로 다각적으로 변하고 있다. 따라서, 전통적인 공사비 관리체계로는 증가하는 건설공사의 불확실성을 감당할 수 없는 것이 현실이다. 이로 인하여 수많은 공사에서 공사비 증가현상이 발생하면서 건설사업의 성공적인 수행에 영향을 주고 있다. 따라서, 공사비 증가 현상을 방지하고, 효과적인 공사비 관리를 위해서는 정확한 견적을 통하여 관리 목표를 설정하고, 목표를 달성하기 위한 활동들이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 효율적 공사비 관리를 위하여 기존에 사용된 공사비 모형을 분석하고, 단지조성 공사의 공사비 모형 구축에 필요한 표준 분석체계를 구축하여, 실제 단지조성 공사 사례 분석을 통하여 계획 및 설계단계에서 이용할 수 있는 공사비 모형을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.655-659
• /
• 2007

이 논문은 국내 철도 모의운전연습기의 훈련비용 효율성(TCE; training cost-effectiveness)을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 교육훈련 비용 효율성이란 해당 모의운전연습기를 통해 얻어진 학습 효율성(TER)과 그에 따르는 비용 효율성(TCR)을 모두 고려한 비율이다. TCE가 1보다 작으면 분석하고자 하는 훈련체계나 새롭게 적용하는 훈련 도구의 비용 효율성이 없는 것이고, 1보다 크면 비용 효율성이 있는 것이다. 그러나 훈련체계나 훈련 도구가 비용 효율성이 없다 하더라도 안전과 관련된 사항은 반드시 비용에 관계없이 고려되어야 한다. 본 연구는 국내 철도 모의운전연습기의 훈련비용 효율성을 분석하였으며, 훈련의 종류와 훈련 내용에 따라 적절한 종류의 모의운전연습기를 활용하는 것이 비용 효율성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 진공이야기
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.4-10
• /
• 2016

Photovoltaic technology has been intensively developed as one of the most powerful renewable energies, replacing a fossil fuel such as coal and petroleum. Every country in the world has emphasized on development of photovoltaic technology and our government has invested heavily in low cost and high efficiency. Korea institute of industrial technology (KITECH) has lastingly constructed PV R&D infra for development of cost-effective and high efficiency solar cells as well as support of commercialization in PV's small and medium enterprises. In this paper, we introduce the next generation PV R&D and infra in KITECH.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.70-94
• /
• 1999

This paper was performed for a cost-effectiveness analysis of pharmacologic treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Agents modeled were cholestyramine, gemfibrozil. bezafibrate, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin. Pharmacologic effectiveness was estimated by regression from reported clinical trials. Pharmacologic effects were expressed as the percent change of blood cholesterol level. Cost estimates included patients' travel expenses and time loss as well as resource consumption in the health care sector. Bezafibrate was the most efficient agent for reducing total cholesterol levels, having an cost over 1 year of ￦31.400 per percent reduction in total cholesterol. Simvastatin (10mg/d) was also efficient(￦33,100 per percent reduction). Chole styramine(8g/d) was least efficient at ￦90,200. For low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. simvastatin(10mg/d) was most efficient, at ￦23,200 per percent reduction, followed by lovastatin(20mg/d) at ￦28,000. Gemfibrozil was least efficient at ￦77,800 per percent reduction. For high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. bezafibrate(400mg/d) was most efficient at ￦39,300 per percent increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Cholestyramine was least efficient at ￦514,700. Analyses combining low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density cholesterol effects suggest that bezafibrate(600mg/d) and simvastatin (10mg/d) were most efficient for reducing cardiovascular risk. The cost-effectiveness analysis results show that both simvastatin and bezafibrate could be efficient treatment. Simvastatin provide more effective treatment at higher cost, whereas bezafibrate is more cost-effective, as it may be less effective, at lower cost. Therefore, clinicians should choose reasonable treatment according to the patient's needs This pharmacoeconimc analysis will provide a guideline for efficient pharmacologic treatment and also be reference data for pricing new drugs.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.166-170
• /
• 2019

Objective: To establish a cost-effective and easily available phantom for training residents in ultrasound-guided fine needle thyroid nodule targeting punctures. Materials and Methods: Tofu, drinking straws filled with coupling gel, a urine tube, and 21-gauge needles were used to generate a phantom thyroid with nodules for training. Twelve radiology residents were involved in the study. The puncture success rates were recorded and compared before and after phantom training using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: On ultrasonography, tofu mimicked the texture of the thyroid. Drinking straws filled with coupling gel mimicked vessels. The urine tube filled with air mimicked the trachea, and 21-gauge needles mimicked small nodules in the transverse section. The entire phantom was similar to the structure of the thyroid and surrounding tissues. The puncture success rates of radiology residents were significantly increased from 34.4 ± 14.2% to 66.7 ± 19.5% after training (p = 0.003). The phantom was constructed in approximately 10 minutes and materials cost less than CNY 10 (approximately $ 1.5) at a local store. Conclusion: The tofu model was cost-effective, easily attainable, and effective for training residents in ultrasound-guided fine needle thyroid nodule targeting punctures in vitro.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
• /
• pp.720-723
• /
• 2004

This study is intended to propose a systematic approach for determining optimum Life-Cycle Cost (LCC)-effective seismic design for continuous PSC bridges considering lifetime expected seismic risks. In the paper, a set of cost function for LCC analysis of bridges is proposed. The total LCC functions consist of initial cost and direct/indirect damage costs considering repair/replacement costs, human losses and property damage costs, road user costs, and indirect socio-economic losses. The damage costs are expressed in terms of Park-Ang median global damage indices (Park and Ang, 1985) and lifetime damage probabilities. The proposed approach is applied to model bridges of both moderate seismicity regions like Korea and high seismicity regions like Japan. Since, in case of bridges, a number of parameters may have an influence on optimal target reliability, various sensitivity analyses are performed in this study. It may be expected that the proposed approach can be effectively utilized for the development of cost-effective performance criteria for design and upgrading of various types of bridges as well as continuous PC bridges.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.86-104
• /
• 2005

During the 'Cold War', DoD had focused on the high performance and timely acquisition which enabled quick field out the superior weapons than the enemy regardless of acquisition cost. But, after the cold war, the focus has been changed to the 'cost effective acquisition' of weapon systems because of tremendous investment cost & economic theory. The U.S. DoD has been tried to make 'the most effective acquisition system'(AR, Acquisition Reform) from mid-80's with their enough experienced program data, and as a result, they had launched the new acquisition procedure - DoD 5000 series - in 1996. DoD is continuously doing the study and making several improvements on the procedure after it had been once announced. On Oct 30. 2002, DoD noticed that they cancelled the DoD 5000 series documents(5000.1, 5000.2, 5000.2-R) and 5000.2-R will be reissued as a guide. The most recent version which focused on 1) evolutionary acquisition and spiral development, 2) procedure for future technology systems including software and IT, 3) supplement on the area of efficiency, flexibility, creativity and innovation of old system was issued by May 12. 2003. This article suggests a 'good idea' based on the reviewing of these DoD efforts for our defense acquisition regulation and procedure to go. It includes the CAIV concept application, IPT utilization, T&E method, cost or price based contract etc-all for the effective acquisition.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 1999

Inspection policies deal with stochastically failing systems in which failures cannot be detected without inspection. In this paper, we considered an effective inspection policy to detect system failure under imperfect inspection. Approximate total expected cost is derived and a simple algorithm to determine inspection schedule is Presented. Numerical examples showed that the inspection policy is easily applicable and cost effective.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.704-711
• /
• 2005

Recently Life Cycle Cost Analysis for civil infrastructures such as pavements, bridges, and dams has been emphasized However, so far, there are few systems available for life cycle cost analysis of bridges at design stage. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to develop a user-friendly life-cycle cost analysis system for LCC-effective optimal design decision making at design stage. The program is based on the proposed LCC model, formulation, analysis modules and systematic procedure that suit Korean construction conditions. It is expected that the developed system can be effectively utilized for more LCC-effective design of bridges. It is applied to an actual bridge design project in order to demonstrate its effectiveness and applicability.