• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2024

The main problem with existing edge detection techniques is that they have many limitations in detecting edges for complex and diverse images that exist in the real world. This is because only edges of a defined shape are discovered based on an accurate definition of the edge. One of the methods to solve this problem is the cost minimization method. In the cost minimization method, cost elements and cost functions are defined and used. The cost function calculates the cost for the candidate edge model generated according to the candidate edge generation strategy, and if the cost is found to be satisfactory, the candidate edge model becomes the edge for the image. In this study, we proposed an enhanced candidate edge generation strategy to discover edges for more diverse types of images in order to improve the shortcoming of the cost minimization method, which is that it only discovers edges of a defined type. As a result, improved edge detection results were confirmed.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.12A no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2002

This paper presents a new operation scheme of UPFC to minimize both generation costs and active power losses in a normal operation state of power system. In a normal operation, cost minimization is a matter of primary concern among operating objectives. This paper considers two kinds of costs, generation costs and transmission losses. The total generation cost of active powers can be minimized by optimal power flow, and active power losses in the transmission system can be also minimized by power flow control of UPFC incorporated with minimization of generation costs. In order to determine amounts of active power reference of each UPFC required for the cost minimization, an iterative optimization algorithm based on the power flow calculation using the decoupled UPFC model is proposed. For verification of the proposed method, intensive studies have been performed on a 3-unit 6-bus system equipped with a UPFC.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.68-76
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• 2000

Reliable external cost must be estimated to achieve the optimal market share between transportation modes. In this paper, we determined the market share between railroad and road on the cost minimization base. The results show that optimal market share is achieved by increasing investment on railroad.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.289-290
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• 2003

This paper gives a method for the minimization of the fuel cost by optimal generation. Derivation of the sensitivity of system loss by optimization technique is introduced and the loss sensitivities are substituted into the optimality conditions to obtain the minimized fuel cost.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.216-223
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• 1993

The safety factors of current standard code are considered to be not appropriate compared to design and construction practices, even this safety factors are not determined from probabilistic study but merely from experiences and practices. This study pripose the optimum safety indices based on expected total cost minimization using only three parameters, which are the level of the failure cost to the initial cost by improvement in safety, and the order of the initial cost function.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2020

Recently the blockchain technology has been actively studied due to its great potentiality. The smart contract is a key mechanism of the blockchain system. Due to the short history of the smart contract, many issues have not been solved yet. One main issue is vulnerability and another main issue is cost optimization. While the vulnerability of smart contract has been actively studied, the cost optimization has been rarely studied. In this paper, we propose two cost optimization methods for smart contracts running on the blockchain system. Triggering a function in a smart contract program code may require costs and it is repeated continuously. So the minimization of costs required to trigger a function of smart contract while maintaining the performance equally is very important. The proposed two methods minimize the usage of expensive permanent variables deployed on the blockchain system. We apply the proposed two methods to three prevalent blockchain platforms: Ethereum, Klaytn and Tron. Evaluation experiments verify that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the costs of functions in the smart contract written with Solidity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.40-43
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• 2005

This paper presents the minimization of the fuel cost by optimal allocation of P-Q generation in a three-bus sample system. Derivation of the system loss sensitivities by optimization technique is introduced. The loss sensitivities are substituted into the optimality conditions and the optimal P-Q allocation is computed to obtain the minimal fuel cost.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.6B
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• pp.738-743
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• 2011

This paper considers the cost minimization issue for sensor network systems where sensor energy is supplied by remote energy sources wirelessly. Assuming symmetric structures of sensor nodes and energy sources, cost minimization problem is formulated, where the cost of sensor networks is represented as a function of sensor node density and energy source coverage. The optimal solution for the problem is provided and simulation results show that the proposal scheme achieves around 19% cost reduction in comparision to a conventional scheme.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.348-358
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• 1996

If a method of character region extraction will have general purposes, it could not but make use of common features which all target images have. This paper suggests these common features should be considered as the coalitions for the region to be extracted within a framework of the cost minimization. The method suggested above could be effective by minimizing a cost function estmating the extent that character regions satify quantitatively the features, through Simulated Annealing Method. This method has an uniqueness in that it defines the cost function. Experimental result verify the usefulness of this cost minimization approach to characer region extraction.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.60-67
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• 1998

Edge detection is the first step and very important step in image analysis. We cast edge detection as a problem in cost minimization. This is achieved by the formulation of a cost function that evaluates the quality of edge configurations. The cost function can be used as a basis for comparing the performances of different detectors. This cost function is made of desirable characteristics of edges such as thickness, continuity, length, region dissimilarity. And we use a simulated annealing algorithm for minimum of cost function. Simulated annealing are a class of adaptive search techniques that have been intensively studied in recent years. We present five strategies for generating candidate states. Experimental results(building image and test image) which verify the usefulness of our simulated annealing approach to edge detection are better than other operator.