• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.881-889
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• 1991

The ideal goal of the coronary artery bypass surgery is complete revascularization. To estimate the numerical degree of completeness of revascularization, the following formula was used in 50 patients having aorta-coronary bypass grafting for the treatment of unstable angina. myocardial perfusion score of revascularized area Degree of Completeness = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- x100[%] preoperative myocardial perfusion score Randomized patients who underwent revascularization procedures in 19Hb were compared with the patients who received similar elective operation each year from 1988 through 1991. To obtain these data, the patients aged 38 ~ 75[mean 54$\pm$9.1years], composed of 31 males and 19 females were randomly sampled. The number of grafts per patient increased from 2.30 in 1986, to 3.07 in 1988 - 89, to 3.21 in 1990, and to 3.50 in 1991. [0.05 The degree of completeness improved from 75.4% to 81.4%, 91.6% and 88.6% respectively. It improved significantly in the last two years, [P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U test] At a follow-up of three months, 90 percent[45/50] of patients remained angina, free, 6 percent[3/50] had residual angina, and 4 percent[2/50] died. The last two patients degree of completeness corresponded to 43% and 30% respectively As a conclusion, the degree of completeness seems to improve year by year, and to have close relationship with the clinical results.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2003

배경: 관상동맥우회술 시 심폐바이패스에 의한 전신성 염증반응의 부작용을 피하고 정맥 이식편의 낮은 장기 개통률을 극복하기 위하여 수술적인 심근 재관류가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 심페바이패스를 이용하지 않고 동맥 도관만을 이용하여 관상동맥우회술을 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 7월부터 2001년 8월까지 수술적인 심근재관류가 필요했던 104예의 연속적인 환자에서 심폐바이패스 없이 동맥이식편만을 이용하여 관상동맥우회술을 시행하였다. 동반된 심장질환으로 심페바이패스가 필요한 환자, 응급 수술 또는 재수술을 요하는 환자, 그리고 동맥도관의 자체적인 문제가 있었던 환자는 대상에서 제외하였다. 상용화된 심장 고정장치를 이용하여 혈관을 노출시켜 문합을 시행하였으며 동맥이식편은 양측 내흉동맥과 요골동맥, 그리고 우위대망동맥을 사용하였다. 완전 재관류를 복합도관을 사용하거나 연속문합의 방법을 이용하였다. 술 중 심폐바이패스로 전환된 예를 분석하였고 술 후 임상결과 및 각 도관의 조기 개통률을 조사하였다. 결과: 원위부 문합은 총 326로 환자당 평균 3.13개(1∼5개)를 시행하였고 동맥이식편은 총 252개를 사용하여 환자당 평균 2.47개(1∼4개)의 도관을 사용하였다. 술 중 7예(6.7%)에서 심폐바이패스로 전환하였는데 이를 이용한 수술로 전환된 환자중 심한 심비대로 측벽 고정 시 불안정한 혈역학적 소견에 의한 경우가 3예, 우관상동맥 결찰 후 발생한 서맥으로 불안정한 혈역학적 소견을 보인 경우가 1예, 그리고 관상 동맥 크기가 작고 심근 내에 위치한 관상동맥의 박리도중 발생한 과도한 출혈에 의한 경우가 3예 있었다. 수술 사망은 없었으며 술 후 발생한 심근경색 및 일시적인 신경학적 합병증이 각각 2예에서 발생하였다. 312개의 원위부 문합에 대해 관상동맥조영술을 시행하여 98.7% (308/312)의 조기 개통률을 보였다. 결론: 심폐바이패스를 이용하지 않은 동맥편만을 이용한 관상동맥우회술운 대부분의 정규수술에서 기술적인 어려움 없이 시행되었으며 만족할 만한 조기 임상 성적 및 개통률을 보였다. 그러나 심한 심비대, 좌전하행지의 심근내 주행, 미만성 병변 등의 경우 술 전에 심폐바이폐스의 가능성을 염두에 두는 것이 안전할 것으로 생각한다. 이러한 수술기법은 관상동맥우회술의 새로운 대안으로 제시될 수 있으며 향후 장기추적 관찰이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.989-999
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: We aimed to compare outcomes of complete revascularization (CR) versus culprit-only revascularization for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease (MVD) in the $2^{nd}$ generation drug-eluting stent (DES) era. Methods: From 2009 to 2014, patients with STEMI and MVD, who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using a $2^{nd}$ generation DES for culprit lesions were enrolled. CR was defined as PCI for a non-infarct-related artery during the index admission. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) was defined as cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, or heart failure during the follow-up year. Results: In total, 705 MVD patients were suitable for the analysis, of whom 286 (41%) underwent culprit-only PCI and 419 (59%) underwent CR during the index admission. The incidence of MACE was 11.5% in the CR group versus 18.5% in the culprit-only group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.86; p<0.01; adjusted HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.40-0.99; p=0.04). The CR group revealed a significantly lower incidence of CV death (7.2% vs. 12.9%; HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31-0.86; p=0.01 and adjusted HR, 0.57; 95% CI; 0.32-0.97; p=0.03, respectively). Conclusions: CR was associated with better outcomes including reductions in MACE and CV death at 1 year of follow-up compared with culprit-only PCI in the $2^{nd}$ generation DES era.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2022

Several studies have shown the benefit of complete revascularization (CR) over culprit-only percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease (MVD). Nevertheless, optimal strategy to select targets for non-culprit PCI has not been clarified. In this paper, we critically discuss and compare the safety and efficacy of different strategies for CR in patients with STEMI and MVD using a Bayesian network meta-analysis including all previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In Bayesian network meta-analysis of 13 RCTs, culprit-only PCI was associated with higher risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), compared with angiography-guided or fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided CR strategies. However, there was no significant difference between angiography-guided and FFR-guided CR strategies in the risk of MACE and its individual components including all-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization. These evidence support that both angiography-guided and FFR-guided complete revascularization strategies would be reasonable treatment option in patients with STEMI and MVD. If the non-culprit lesion is severe on visual assessment, angiography-guided PCI can be considered. If the non-culprit lesion is intermediate in severity or unclear based on visual assessment, FFR-guided strategy can be used as a reliable and objective tool, providing similar benefits with less stents compared with an angiography-guided strategy. Further RCT is needed to evaluate direct comparison between angiography-guided and FFR-guided CR strategies in patients with STEMI and MVD. Ongoing FRAME-AMI trial (NCT02715518) will provide more evidence regarding this issue.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.359-361
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• 2023

Coronary ostium obstruction due to dislodgement of the prosthetic valve is a rare and life-threatening complication, and particular caution is required for sutureless aortic valve replacement (AVR) with concomitant valvular surgery. In general, coronary artery bypass surgery is performed when coronary ostium obstruction occurs after AVR, but other options may need to be considered in some cases. Herein, we present a case of coronary artery occlusion in an 82-year-old female patient who had undergone AVR and mitral valve replacement for aortic valve stenosis and mitral valve stenosis at the age of 77 years. A hybrid procedure involving redo AVR and percutaneous coronary intervention after left main coronary ostium endarterectomy was performed. To summarize, we present a case of hybrid AVR in a patient with coronary artery obstruction after AVR that was successfully managed using this method.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.460-462
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• 2017

We herein present the unique case of a 68-year-old male diabetic patient who developed sterile necrosis of the sternum 1 month after myocardial revascularization with the use of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts. The sternum had been closed by the bilateral Robicsek wiring technique. The sternum was removed, and bilateral pectoralis major flaps were used to cover the defect. The patient had an uneventful recovery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2014

Background: Redo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is still associated with increased morbidity and mortality as compared to the first-time operation. Further, the application of the off-pump technique to redo CABG is limited due to technical difficulties. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze early and midterm results after redo CABG and compare the outcome of redo on-pump and off-pump CABG. Methods: From June 1996 to October 2011, elective redo CABG was performed in 32 patients. Mean age was 64.8 years (on pump 64.3 years vs. off pump 65.5 years; p=0.658), and 21 patients were male. Among these patients, 14 (43.8%) underwent on-pump CABG, and 18 (56.2%) underwent off-pump CABG. Results: Internal thoracic artery was used in 22 patients (68.8%), and total arterial revascularization was achieved in 17 patients (53.1%). The average number of distal anastomoses was 2.13, and the rate of incomplete revascularization was 43.8%. The rate of total arterial revascularization was higher in the off-pump group (14.3% vs. 83.3%, p<0.001), and the use of saphenous vein graft was more in the on-pump group (78.6% vs. 16.7%, p<0.001). Overall hospital mortality was 3.1% (n=1) and was comparable in both groups (on pump 7.1% vs. off pump 0%; p=0.249). Postoperative complications occurred in 9 patients (64.2%), and the rate of complications was high in the on-pump group without statistical significance (64.2% vs. 33.3%, p=0.082). The mean follow-up duration was 5.4 years, and overall survival at 10 years was $86.0%{\pm}10.5%$. There was no significant difference in the 10-year survival rate between the two groups (79.6% vs. 100%, p=0.225). Conclusion: Redo CABG can be safely performed with acceptable mortality. Redo off-pump coronary artery bypass is feasible with low mortality and morbidity, comparable target vessel bypass grafting, and long-term survival. The off-pump technique might be considered a safe option for redo CABG in high-risk patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.393-398
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• 1987

Unstable angina pectoris is often premonitory to an acute myocardial infarction. Surgical revascularization in this syndrome is of great potential benefit and relatively low mortality. A patient with unstable angina pectoris is reported. A 65-year-old man complained of dyspnea and pain in the left anterior chest. The pain was brought on by mild exercise, occurred at rest and sleeping time. The pain worsened over a month period and more aggravated in intensity and duration. Physical examination showed no abnormalities except hypertension and laboratory data were within normal limits. His anginal pain was not relived by nitroglycerin ingestion. Preoperative coronary angiograms revealed significant obstruction [>90%] of left anterior descending coronary artery. Aorto-left anterior descending coronary bypass with autogenous saphenous vein used as conduit was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged on 16th postoperative day in a healthy condition.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2006

Coronary artery disease is a loading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Percutaneous coronary intervention has become the major technique of revascularization. However, restenosis remains a major limitation of this procedure. Recently the need for repeat intervention due to restenosis, the most vexing long-term failure of percutaneous coronary intervention, has been significantly reduced owing to the introduction of two major advances, intracoronary brachytherapy and the drug-eluting stents. Intracoronary brachytherapy has been employed in recent years to prevent restenosis lesions with effective results, principally in in-stent restenosis. Restenosis is generally considered as au excessive form of normal wound healing divided up in precesses: elastic recoil, neointimal hyperplasia, and negative vascular remodeling. Restenosis has previously been regarded as a proliferative process in which neointimal thickening, mediated by a cascade of inflammatory mediators and other factors, is the key factor. Ionizing radiation has been shown to decrease the proliferative response to injury in animal models of restenosis. Subsequently, several randomized, double blind trials have demonstrated that intracoronary brachytherapy can reduce the rates of both angiographic restenosis and clinical event rates in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for in stent restenosis. Some problems, such as late thrombosis and edge restenosis, have been identified as limiting factors of this technique. Brachytherapy is a promising method of preventing and treating coronary artery restenosis.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the value of the myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV) in predicting myocardial functional outcome after revascularization of coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with CTO underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) before and 6 months after revascularization. Three baseline markers of functional outcome were evaluated in the dysfunctional segments assigned to the CTO vessels: ECV, transmural extent of infarction (TEI), and unenhanced rim thickness (RIM). At the global level, the ECV values of the whole myocardium with and without a hyperenhanced region (global and remote ECV) were respectively measured. Results: In per-segment analysis, ECV was superior to TEI and RIM in predicting functional recovery (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.86 vs. 0.75 and 0.73, all p values < 0.010), and it emerged as the only independent predictor of regional functional outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77-0.89; p < 0.001) independent of collateral circulation. In per-patient analysis, global baseline ECV was indicative of ejection fraction (EF) at the follow-up examination (β = -0.61, p < 0.001) and changes in EF (β = -0.57, p = 0.001) in multivariate regression analysis. A patient with global baseline ECV less than 30.0% (AUC, 0.93; sensitivity 94%, specificity 80%) was more likely to demonstrate significant EF improvement (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17-0.85; p = 0.019). Conclusion: Extracellular volume fraction obtained by CMR may provide incremental value for the prediction of functional recovery both at the segmental and global levels in CTO patients, and may facilitate the identification of patients who can benefit from revascularization.