• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제19권spc호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 1986

Concepts on mineral association, mineral paragenesis, and mineralization stage relating to macrostructures of vein filling in ore veins are briefly discussed. As an example of plutonic ore vein, macrostructures of vein filling of plutonic tungsten-tin-copper vein at the Ohtani mine, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, one of representatives of plutonic tungsten-tin vein related genetically to acidic magmatism of late Cretaceous in the Inner zone of Southwest Japan, are examined. Based on macrostructures of vein filling, three major mineralization stages, are distinguished by major tectonic breaks. Sequence of mineralization, characteristic features of each mineralization stage, and variations of filling temperature and salinity ranges of fluid inclusions in minerals from stage I to stage III are summarized.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.283-296
• /
• 1992

The Keumryeong deposits is a low grade copper deposits in which copper minerals form disseminated grains and thin veinlets in felsic volcanics seem to be dacite. Alteration of the volcanics consists mainly pervasive propylitization and silicification. Potassic alteration characterized by biotite developed locally adjacent to southwestern contact of granodiorite body. Principal sulfide minerals in altered zone are mainly pyrite and lesser chalcopyrite. Chalcopyrite content in potassic zone is relatively higher than that of surrounding propylitized zone. Pyrite and chalcopyrite accompanies magnetite, molybdenite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, pentlandite, marcasite, hematite, ilmenite, rutile, bismuthinite and native Bi as disseminations, veinlets and knots. Granodiorite body is propylitized and contains veinlets of pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Fluid inclusions in sulfide-bearing quartz veinlets and quartz grains of felsic volcanics and granodiorite in altered zone consist of liquid-rich, vapor-rich, $CO_2-bearing$ and halite-bearing inclusions. These four types of inclusion intimately associated on a microscopic scale and indicate condensing or boiling of ore fluid during mineralization. Homogenization temperature of coexisting fluid inclusions are mostly in the range of 350 to $450^{\circ}C$. High salinity fluid contains 28.6 to 48.4 weight percent NaCI equivalent and moderate salinity fluid cotains 0.5 to 12.5 weight percent NaCl equivalent. Pressure estimated from $CO_2$ mole fraction of $CO_2-bearing$ inclusion range 160 to 375 bars. The Kigu copper deposits is a fissure filling copper vein developed 500 m south from the Keumryong deposits. Mineralogy and fluid inclusion data of the Kigu deposits are similar to that of the Keumryeong deposits. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions from the Kigu deposits are reasonable agreement with temperature estimated from sulfidation curve of cubanite-chalcopyrite-pyrite-pyrrhotite and pyrite-pyrrhotite mineral assemblages. Not only mineral occurrence and wall rock alteration in the Keumryeong deposits but also fluid inclusion data such as temperature, salinity, pressure and boiling evidences are similar to those of porphyry copper deposits.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.379-393
• /
• 1997

Geology of the Zbezkazgan copper deposit in Kazhkstan is mainly composed of Permian and Carboniferous sedimenary rocks in which copper minerals are mainly contained in grey sandstone of Carboniferous age. There are 28 layers of copper ore bodies in Zbezkazgan suite. Thickness of the ore bodies ranges from one to 35 meters, grade of the crude ore ranges from 2 to 5 wt % Cu and the extension of the orebodies is 5 to 7 km. Microscopic study on specimens from the Zbezkazgan ore deposit has exposed clues to understand the origin of this deposit. Alternatively deposited grey sandstone and red sandstone are mainly composed of quartz and feldspar grains. A big difference between the grey sandstone and the red sandstone is in grain size, the former is larger than the latter. Chalcocites as main copper minerals have cemented through grain boundary. It is assumed that quartz, feldspar and copper were derived from granitoid in which copper mineralization had taken place before exposing to weathering. The chalcocites were precipitated by a sudden change of geochemical condition (Eh, pH, temperature, etc.) of fluid which had carried quartz, feldspars, copper ions and sulphate during formation of grey sandstones. The copper ions and sulphate were stable in fluid during sedimentation of oxidation environment, however, the copper ions were no more stable at the reduced environment and changed to stable forms to precipitate copper minerals by reaction of copper ions and hydrogen sulfides. This chemical precipitation of copper minerals in the sandstone attributes to the assumption of hydrothermal origin on this sedimentary origined deposit.

• 한국광물학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2016

반암동 광화작용이 수반된 관입암체로 이루어진 촉트체치 지역은 몽골 남부 중앙아시아 조산대의 구르반사이한 호상열도 지형에 위치한다. 이러한 촉트체치 지역에서 예비조사를 수행하였다. 촉트체치 지역의 동 광화작용은 페름기에 관입한 알칼리 화강암과 관련된 반암동 광상이다. 공작석이 산출되는 알칼리 화강암 지역에서 프로필리틱 변질대가 넓게 분포한다. 편광현미경에서 확인된 광석광물은 자철석, 황철석, 반동석이다. 프로필리틱 변질대 시료에서는 석영, 견운모, 녹니석, 녹렴석 등이 관찰되었다. XRD와 SEM-EDS 분석 결과 동 광물은 주로 공작석과 적동석으로 이루어진다. 공작석 산출지에서 채취한 시료의 평균 동 함량은 759 ppm이고 최대 동 함량은 6190 ppm이다. 촉트체치 지역의 광화작용 특성은 촉트체치 지역으로부터 남쪽으로 56 km 떨어진 오유 톨고이 동-금(-몰리브덴) 광상 및 북동쪽으로 120 km 떨어진 차간 수바르가 동-몰리브덴 광상과 유사하다. 조사지역의 지질, 지구조 환경, 암상, 광물, 변질 등이 다른 반암동 광상과 유사한 특성을 갖는다. 따라서 촉트체치 동 광화 지역에 대해 지하 광체 확인을 위한 IP 탐사를 포함한 추가 광물자원 탐사가 필요하다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 1986

The ore deposit of the Ohtani mine is one of representatives of plutonic tungsten-tin veins related genetically to acidic magmatism of Late Cretaceous in the Inner zone of Southwest Japan. Based on macrostructures of vein filling, three major mineralization stages are distinguished by major tectonic breaks. The constituents of ore minerals are scheelite, cassiterite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, with small amounts of cubanite, stannite, galena, native bismuth, bismuthinite, arsenopyrite and pyrite. The relationship between the polymorphic variations of pyrrhotite and the kinds of the associated characteristic of ore mineral, in relation with hypogene mineralization, has been demonstrated. Pyrrhotite of stage I is predominantly of the hexagonal phase (Hpo>Mpo). Pyrrhotite of stage II is mainly of the monoclinic phase ($Hpo{\ll}Mpo$). Pyrrhotite of stage III is a single monoclinic phase ($Hpo{\ll}Mpo$). The compositions of the hexagonal pyrrhotite decrease in Fe content ranging from 47.44 atom % Fe in stage I to 46.88 atom % Fe in stage III.

• 광물과 암석
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.147-156
• /
• 2021

몽골 남부 구르반사이한 호상 열도 지형 내 족도르 지역의 함동 석영맥에 대한 유체포유물 연구 결과를 보고한다. 족도르 지역에는 후기 백악기 퇴적층 내에 정치된 화강섬록 반암 내에 구조적으로 제어되는 동 광화작용이 나타난다. 이러한 화강섬록 반암 내에 동 광물 함유 석영맥은 프로필리틱 변질대의 석영-녹렴석-자철석 및 석영-자철석을 포함하는 열수 변질 양상을 보인다. 석영맥은 광물 조합에 따라 두 가지 유형으로 분류되며 주로 황동석과 함께 산출되고 드물게는 반동석, 자철석, 황철석과 함께 산출된다. 석영-자철석±황동석 및 석영-녹렴석-자철석 조합의 석영맥 내 유체포유물은 기포 크기 5-30 vol.%, 염농도 2-13 wt.% NaCl, 균질화 온도 107-270℃인 2상의 수성 포유물이다. 관찰된 석영맥의 광물 조합과 모암의 지구화학적 특성 및 변질 양상 등으로 판단했을 때, 유체포유물 자료는 연구 지역이 반암동 관련 광화작용의 프로필리틱 변질 영역에 해당함을 보여준다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.75-87
• /
• 2003

함안-군북 광화대는 한반도 남동부의 백악기 경상분지내에 위치해있다. 자철석, 회중석, 휘수연석, 황동석의 주광석 광물과 천금속 및 소량의 황염광물이 백악기 퇴적암, 화산암, 화강섬록암(118${\pm}$3.0 Ma)내에 발달된 열극을 충진한 전기석, 석영 및 탄산염맥내에서 산출된다. 광석 및 맥석광물들은 세 개의 광화시기로 구분될 수 있다: 광화 1기, 전기석+석영+철-동광석: 광화 2기, 석영+황화광물+황염광물+탄산염광물; 광화 3기, barren한 방해석. 광화 1기 및 2기의 초기 유체는 고염농도(35~70 equiv. wt.% NaCl+KCl)이며, 기상이 풍부하고 약 300$^{\circ}$~50$0^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 균질 되었다. 비록 황화물 광물이 상기유체에 의해 생성된 초기광물조합과 연관성이 없을지라도, 고염농도의 유체는 상당량의 나트륨, 칼륨, 철, 동, 황을 함유하는 염화물복합체 염수로 사료된다. 후기 용액은 새롭게 생성된 열극 및 맥을 따라 순환되었으며, 낮은 염농도($\leq$20 equiv. wt.% NaCl)이며 약200$^{\circ}$~40$0^{\circ}C$에서 균질화되었다. 할안-군북 열수계 유체의 산소-수소 동위원소조성은 광화초기에는 마그마성 열수의 특징을 보이다가 점차 광화후기로 가면서 순환수성 열수의 특징을 보여주고 있다. 함안-군복지역의 광체가 부존된 화강섬록암내에서 손환하고 있는 초기 열수성유체는 정출마그마에서 용리된후 고염농도의 액상을 함유한 유체와 $H_2O$-NaCl계의 기상으 함유한 유체로 불혼화되었다. 상기 마그마유체가 열극을 따라 이동하면서, 다른 황화광물과 황염광물의 침전없이 전기석 및 초기 철, 텅스텐, 몰리브데늄, 동 광화작용을 유발시켰다. 순환수기원의 후기광화용액은 동과 천금속 황화물, 황염광화작용을 촉발시켰다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.529-541
• /
• 2010

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2015

Remediation of wastewater contaminated with metal(II)-complexed species (Cu(II)-NTA (NTA: nitrilotriacetic acid), Cu(II)-EDTA (EDTA: ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) and Cd(II)-EDTA is attempted using the potential applicability of ferrate(VI). Kinetics of pollutant degradation is obtained with the removal of ferrate(VI) studied at wide range of pH (8.0-10.0) and the concentration of metal(II)-complexed species (0.3 to 15.0 mmol/L) employing a constant dose of ferrate(VI) i.e., 1.0 mmol/L. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate constants were obtained in the reduction of ferrate(VI) which was then employed to obtain the overall rate constants of the pollutant degradation. The mineralization of NTA and EDTA was obtained with the change in TOC (total organic carbon) values collected by the ferrate(VI) treated pollutant samples. Decrease in pH and molar pollutant concentrations was greatly favored the percent mineralization of NTA or EDTA by the ferrate(VI) treatment. The treated pollutant samples were filtered and subjected for AAS (atomic absorption spectrophotometric) analysis to assess the simultaneous removal of copper and cadmium from aqueous solutions at the studied pH as well at the elevated pH 12.0. Results show that an enhanced removal of cadmium or copper was achieved at pH 12.0. Overall, ferrate(VI) possesses multifunctional application in wastewater treatment as it oxidizes the degradable impurities and removes metallic impurities by coagulation process.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.135-147
• /
• 1983

The copper deposits in Goseong district, Gyeongnam area are fissure filled copper veins emplaced on Cretaceous Goseong formation and andesitic rocks. Occurrence of ore veins and mineral paragenesis suggest a division of the hydrothermal mineralization into three stages: stage 1, deposition of arsenopyrite, pyrite, quartz, chlorite and epidote; stageII, deposition of pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, electrum, pyrargyrite, tetrahedrite, silver sulfosalt minerals, quartz, chlorite, sericite and miner amount of calcite; stage III, formation of barren calcite veins. Filling temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz of stage II, range from 260 to 360 C and salinities from 6.2 to 13.6 weight percent NaCi equivalent.