• 제목/요약/키워드: coplanarity

검색결과 14건 처리시간 0.094초

AR 게임을 위한 위치추정 정확도 향상 알고리즘 (Algorithm to Improve Accuracy of Location Estimation for AR Games)

  • 한서우;서덕영
    • 방송공학회논문지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.32-40
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    • 2019
  • 실내에서 위치를 추정하는 연구는 다양한 분야에서 필요하다. 실내에서 위치를 추정하는 방법은 하드웨어를 이용하는 방법과 하드웨어를 이용하지 않는 방법으로 나눌 수 있다. 하드웨어를 사용하는 방법은 정확도가 높지만, 하드웨어 설치비용이 든다는 단점이 있다. 반대로 하드웨어를 사용하지 않는 방법은 설치비용이 들지 않지만, 정확도가 떨어진다. AR 게임을 위한 위치추정에 제일 중요한 목표는 정확도를 높이는 것이다. 위치를 추정하기 위해서는 Perspective-N-Point (PnP)의 해를 얻어야 한다. PnP 문제의 해를 구하기 위해서는 위치를 추정하고 싶은 공간의 삼차원 좌표와 그 공간에서 찍은 영상이 필요하다. 삼차원 좌표와 매칭 되는 이차원 좌표 6쌍을 통해 위치를 추정할 수 있다. 해의 정확도를 높이기 위해 어떤 점들을 선택하면 정확도가 높아지는지 확인할 비공면도(non-coplanarity degree)를 추가로 사용할 것을 제안했다. 점 6개 이상인 상황에서 비공면도가 커질수록 위치추정 정확도가 높아질 확률이 높다. 제안한 방법의 장점은 모든 기존 위치추정 방법에 적용할 수 있다는 것과 하드웨어를 사용하여 위치를 추정하는 것보다 더 높은 정확도를 보인다.

Evidence gathering for line based recognition by real plane

  • 이재규;류문욱;이장원
    • 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 1부
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    • pp.195-199
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    • 2008
  • We present an approach to detect real plane for line base recognition and pose estimation Given 3D line segments, we set up reference plane for each line pair and measure the normal distance from the end point to the reference plane. And then, normal distances are measured between remains of line endpoints and reference plane to decide whether these lines are coplanar with respect to the reference plane. After we conduct this coplanarity test, we initiate visibility test using z-buffer value to prune out ambiguous planes from reference planes. We applied this algorithm to real images, and the results are found useful for evidence fusion and probabilistic verification to assist the line based recognition as well as 3D pose estimation.

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PCB의 3차원 검사 (3D Inspection of Printed Circuit Boards)

  • 조홍주;박현우;이준재
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 Ⅳ
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    • pp.2375-2378
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    • 2003
  • In manufacture of printed circuit boards, one important issue is precisely to measure the three-dimensional shape of the solder paste silk-screened prior to direct surface mounting of chips. This paper presents the 3D shape reconstruction of solder paste using the optical triangulation method based on structured light or slit beam and the measurement algorithm for height, volume. area, and coplanarity on component pads from the 3D range image. Futhermore, statistical process control function is incorporated for process capability analysis.

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CBGA를 통한 초소형/박형 박막하이브리드 패키지 구현 (Generation of Mini-compacted Thin Film Hybrid Package by Ceramic Ball Grid Array)

  • 김상희
    • 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.59-68
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    • 1995
  • 박막제조 기술 및 BGA패캐지를 이용하여 Wellcom 2000 system 소요 OCU Board 의 집적화를 구현하였다. 기존 PCB에 실장되는 소자 일부를 2 Channel BGA 패캐지로 모 듈화한 결과 약 1/6로 소형화시킬수 있었으며 8 Channel의 모율화는 현재 진행중인 다층 구조의 제조 기술 개발과 아울러 BGA 패캐지로 실현이 가능하며 1/10로집접화할수 있음을 알수 있었다. 또한 PCB위에 Bare Chip을 실장하여 Wire Bonding 한 COB를 구현하여 CBGGA의 PCB실장과 함께한 모듈을 형성해 보았다. CBGA패캐지에 Ball Shear Test, In Circuit Test 온도 환경주기시험(TCT) 진동시험을 통하여 신뢰성을 입증하였다. 이때 CBGA의 Coplanarity(3.2%) 증진을 위하여 Ceramic Pad에 선택적인 도금 방식을 개발적용 하였다.

Synthesis and Electrical Conductivities of Poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene-co-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenevinylene)s

  • Jin, Jung-Il;Kang, Heung-Joong;Shim, Hong-Ku
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제11권5호
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    • pp.415-420
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    • 1990
  • A series of copolymers of poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene-co-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl- 1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly(PV-co-TMPV), were prepared in film forms from the precursor polymer films. The sulfonium salt precursor polymers were synthesized by copolymerization of the mixtures of the respective bis(sulfonium salt) monomers. All of the copolymer films could be doped with $FeCl_3$ to have high electrical conductivities and they showed good air stability. The maximum conductivity of the $FeCl_3$-doped films ranged $10^{-3}\;to\;10^2Scm^{-1}$ depending on the composition of the copolymer films. However, these copolymer films could not be doped with iodine. The coplanarity of PV and TMPV units in the main chain appears to be affected by steric effect of the methyl groups in the TMPV units.

Quantum Chemical Designing of Efficient Sensitizers for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

  • Abdullah, Muhammad Imran;Janjua, Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf;Mahmood, Asif;Ali, Sajid;Ali, Muhammad
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제34권7호
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    • pp.2093-2098
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    • 2013
  • Density functional theory (DFT) was used to determine the ground state geometries of indigo and new design dyes (IM-Dye-1 IM-Dye-2 and IM-Dye-3). The time dependant density functional theory (TDDFT) was used to calculate the excitation energies. All the calculations were performed in both gas and solvent phase. The LUMO energies of all the dyes were above the conduction band of $TiO_2$, while the HOMOs were below the redox couple (except IM-Dye-3). The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of new design dyes were smaller as compared to indigo. All new design dyes were strongly red shifted as compared to indigo. The improved light harvesting efficiency (LHE) and free energy change of electron injection ${\Delta}G^{inject}$ of new designed sensitizers revealed that these materials would be excellent sensitizers. The broken coplanarity between the benzene near anchoring group having LUMO and the last benzene attached to TPA unit in all new design dyes consequently would hamper the recombination reaction. This theoretical designing will the pave way for experimentalists to synthesize the efficient sensitizers for solar cells.

비측정용 디지털 카메라를 이용한 철도교량의 3차원 변형해석 기법개발 (The Technique Development for 3D Deformation Analysis of Railroad Bridge Using the Non-metric Camera)

  • 이효성;안기원;박병욱;신석효
    • 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국측량학회 2010년 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.129-131
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 고해상도의 비측정용 디지털 카메라를 이용하여 강구조 철도교량의 3차원 변형량을 측정하고자 하였다. 변형량 측정은 현장관측 시간을 단축하고, 작업의 효율을 높이기 위해 공면조건에 의한 상호표정 방법(기준 타겟점의 3차원 측량이 필요 없다)을 적용하고자 한다. 이 방법으로 측정한 변형량을 토털스테이션을 이용하여 기준점의 3차원 측량으로 구한 외부표정요소로부터 획득한 변형량과 비교하여, 적용방법의 정확도를 확인하고자 한다.

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"MODEL SPELL CHECKER" FOR PRIMITIVE-BASED AS-BUILT MODELING IN CONSTRUCTION

  • 권순욱;프레데릭 보쉐;허영기
    • 한국건설관리학회논문집
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    • 제5권5호
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    • pp.163-171
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    • 2004
  • This research investigates a Modeling Spell Checker that, similarly to Word Spell Checker for word processing software, would conform as-built 3D models to standard construction rules. The work is focused on the study of pipe-spools. Specifically pipe diameters and coplanarity are checked and corrected by the Modeling Spell Checker, and elbows are deduced and modeled to complete models. Experiments have been conducted by scanning scenes of increasing levels of complexity regarding the number of pipes, the types of elbows and the number of planes constituting pipe-spools. For building models of pipes from sensed data, a modeling method, developed at the University of Texas at Austin, that is based on the acquisition of sparse point clouds and the human ability to recognize geometric shapes has been used Results show that primitive-based models obtained after scanning construction sites can be corrected and even improved automatically, and, since such models are expected to be used as feedback control models for equipment operators, the higher modeling accuracy achieved with the Modeling Spell Checker could potentially increase the level of safety in construction. Result also show that some improvements are still needed especially regarding the co-planarity of pipes. In addition, results show that the modeling accuracy significantly depends on the primitive modeling method, and improvement of that method would positively impact the modeling spell checker.