• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.818-828
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate actual conditions and needs on breastfeeding education for pregnant women in health centers for the development of a breastfeeding educational program. The questionnaires were mailed to 245 health centers and 148 (60.4%) questionnaires were returned. 91% of the health centers had breastfeeding education for pregnant women. 66% of them operated breastfeeding education as one part of other health programs. About 76% of supervisors and 64% of educators were the nurses. The teaching methods frequently used were lectures (30.5%), giving out booklets and leaflets (22.6%), demonstration and practice (21.5%), personal counseling (13.3%), and others. The teaching materials used were materials of outside speakers (39.7%), materials of development oneself (19.0%), materials of academic association or institute (14.8%), and others. The subjects which educators taught were the benefits of breastfeeding (16.7%), breastfeeding techniques (15.8%), caring for breasts before and after delivery (15.1%), nutritional management for lactating women (14.2%), coping strategies for the difficult situation of breastfeeding (13.3%), and others. Those were different from each other according to the educators' general characteristics. Success factors of education were increased motivation for breastfeeding (52.8%), practice (22.6%), professional's lecture (11.3%) and others. The failure factors of education were the ineffectiveness of the lecture method (69.2%), lack of education for supporters (15.4%) and lack of standardized education (15.4%). The most important barrier of education was the lack of a standardized breastfeeding educational programs (43.9%). The most effective teaching methods that educators thought were demonstration and practice (24.0%). The educators thought they need the tools and space for practice (28.2%), a standardized breastfeeding educational program (26.9%), and the human resources (24.4%) for effective education. Subjects that educators thought important for education were the breastfeeding techniques, benefits of breastfeeding, caring for breasts before and after delivery, nutritional management for lactating women, coping strategies for the difficult situation of breastfeeding, rooming system after delivery, ways to assess mother's milk quantity, introducing successful cases of breastfeeding in rank order. To promote the effectiveness of breastfeeding education, standardized breastfeeding educational programs, diverse teaching materials, space and tools, and human resources are needed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2003

Families of children with cancer face many illness-related demands. The perceived social support is a critical resource for the family adaptation process. And the patterns of family adaptation to childhood cancer varies as characteristics of disease, which is prognosis, the influence of cognition function, and treatment process. The conceptual definition of social support is not unidimensional. However, most studies focus on general aspect of mediating effects on adaptation. Diverse dimensions of perceived social support should be considered in its effectiveness for intervention. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine whether family's perceived social support influences the family adaptation of family with pediatric cancer and what dimension influences mostly in family adaptation as the characteristics of disease in the family of children with cancer. The subject was consisted of 102 families with pediatric cancer who had been diagnosed as leukemia or brain tumor last 2 years. Those families had participated in the education program or meetings for family who have with pediatric cancer children. The measurement for this study were Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ) Part-Ⅱ developed by Brandt and Weinert to measure parents' perceived social support, and the McCubbin's Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) to measure family coping. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; Regression analysis showed that perceived social support has effect on family adaptation with β=.43, p<.01. In the group of family of child with leukemia, social support as general has effect on adaptation (β=.40, p<.01) and specially, social support perceived as intimacy was strongly effect on family adaptation. And In the group of brain tumor, Social support has effect on adaptation(β=.46, p<.01) and among the social support domains, the self esteem dimension was most predictable to family adaptation. In conclusion, the perceived social support is a predictor on family adaptation and useful vehicle to help family who has child with pediatric cancer. An important clinical implication is that specified support program for intervention may be useful and critical for the family who has diverse pediatric conditions of childhood cancer. Further studies should stress the effects of family support for clinical intervention and is needed with diverse stage of development and pediatric conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6155-6162
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• 2013

This study was conducted on daily news reporters working in Seoul to determine the factors/characteristics causing job stress and potential countermeasures. The survey was conducted by interviewing 170 daily news reporters who took part in the study from March 3rd to March 7th 2013. The analysis of the information was performed by frequency analysis, T-test and One-way ANOVA, correlation analysis etc. using the SPSS Win 21.0 program and the empirical analysis was verified at the 5% level of significance. First, the following results of the analysis were meaningful because current journalists and reporters showed reduced levels of stress when their job satisfaction was high. Secondary, smoking and art activity to alleviate their job stress were found to be strong stress countermeasures. Third, there were significant differences in those who had high levels of job stress and exhibited stronger ways of coping with it. This study affirms an alternative in basic policy, which can provide a working environment that helps journalists to perform their work proficiently and steadily.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.61-72
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• 2020

The fear of crime, discussed in the early 1960s in the United States, is a psychological response, such as anxiety or concern about crime, the potential victim of a crime. These anxiety factors lead to the burden of the individual in securing the psychological stability and indirect costs of the crime against the society. Fear of crime is not a good thing, and it is a part that needs to be adjusted so that it cannot be exaggerated and distorted by the policy together with the crime coping and resolution. This is because fear of crime has as much harm as damage caused by criminal act. Eric Pawson has argued that the popular impression of violent crime is not formed because of media reports, but by official statistics. Therefore, the police should watch and analyze news related to fear of crime to reduce the social cost of fear of crime and prepare a preemptive response policy before the people have 'fear of crime'. In this paper, we propose a deep - based news classification system that helps police cope with crimes related to crimes reported in the media efficiently and quickly and precisely. The goal is to establish a system that can quickly identify changes in security issues that are rapidly increasing by categorizing news related to crime among news articles. To construct the system, crime data was learned so that news could be classified according to the type of crime. Deep learning was applied by using Google tensor flow. In the future, it is necessary to continue research on the importance of keyword according to early detection of issues that are rapidly increasing by crime type and the power of the press, and it is also necessary to constantly supplement crime related corpus.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2002

This study was conducted to understand the degree and contents of stress which the mothers of high-risk infants can be experienced from the hospitalization of ICU for their new borns, and thus to offer the basic program to he nursing intervention program for these. Subjects were the 171 mother of hospitalized newborn in NICU of 1 University Hospital in Busan from June, 20, 2001 to September, 15, 2001, who agreed to take part in this study. The instruments used in this study were Parental Stressor Scale:NICU(PSS:NICU) developed by Miles et al. The questionnaire has 4 dimensions and 45 items ; sight and sounds of NICU(5 items), babies' appearance and behavior nursing intervention(19 items), parental role alteration and relationship with their baby(10 items), health team communication(11 items). The data was analysed as average, frequency, Standard Deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient by use of SPSS/PC+. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The total perceived stress level score of mothers of high-risk infants was slightly high(3.44±0.71). The highest scored dimension was 'appearance and behavior of the baby'(4.06±0.80), and next were 'relationship with their baby and parental role change'(3.55±0.98), 'sight and sounds of NICU'(3.22±1.01), 'communication with health team'(2.93±0.91). 2. The total perceived stress level score was significantly correlated with birth weight (F=2.35, p<.05). 3. In sight and sounds of NICU, the perceived stress level score was significantly correlated with nursing in the incubator(t=2.28, p<.05) and birth weight(t=2.26, p<.05). In summary, information about physical environment of NICU, birth weight and nursing in the incubator must be included in nursing intervention program of mother's of high-risk infants in reducing the patents stress level. And, it is suggested that there need to find the coping mechanism of mother of high-risk infants.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.6 no.1 s.19
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• pp.87-91
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• 2006

Since water leakage and cracks are not the source of serious problems such as long-term lowering of performance and durability of a stricture, including damages to operating facilities of a structure, damages to internal finishing materials, exhibition, and goods, and pollution of residential environment, they might have led to development of positive coping skills; however, an instant loss of lives or property due to earthquake, explosion, typhoon, or a fire was indeed neglected. In these days, repair materials for leakage cannot help but being taken in temporary way without any noticeable countermeasure. This kind of repair is socially criticized many times that is defective construction even if this costs a lot. It was not arrange the standard for construction methods of sealer of injection type for leakage maintenance, even it has been used various type of construction methods for leakage part. In conclusion, we suggest that the construction methods of sealer of injection type for leakage maintenance for leakage to establish the leakage repairing technology as increase of structure demand. Therefore, it would be possible to provide a stage-by-stage solution by developing systematic research activities among the industry, schools, and research institutes to spread maintenance management techniques globally through technical solution to water leakage and cracks, acquisition of structural safety with prolonged durability for life cycle, reduction of water leakage repair expense s, and so on.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.289-302
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• 1997

The main purpose of this study was to identify the effects of integrated stress management program on the stress symptoms of psychophysiological patients. especially patients with peptic ulcer. The study employed a quasi-experimental design using two different experimental groups. The samples in the integrated stress management program participated in autogenic training with biofeedback. discussions on effective coping method. cognitive. behavioral, and emotional management. They were also provided with an educational booklet on stress management and an tape on progressive muscie relaxation. Each session lasted one hour and the program consisted of seven sessions over four weeks. The other group was only given an tape on progressive muscle relaxation. The data were collected from May 20 to september 25, 1996. A total 47 patients from one university hospital located in Seoul participated, experiment group 1(integrated stress management training) had 23 subjects and experiment group 2(progressive muscle relaxation training) had 24 subjects. The effects of these programs were measured by the stress symptom scale developed by Kogan(1991) which was translated by Lee(1992) and the healing status of the ulcer evaluated by a physician. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, t- test, ANOVA, repeated measure ANOVA. The result are as follows : 1. The integrated stress management group reported a significantly lower stress symptom score than the group given the progressive muscle relaxation only. 2. The integrated stress management group showed a significantly improved ulcer status as compared to the group given a progressive muscle relaxation only. In conclusion, it was found that the integrated stress management program was more effective in decreasing self-reported stress and physiological symptoms among patients with peptic ulcer as compared to the progressive muscle relaxation group. Based on this finding, the following suggestions can be made. 1. It is necessary to broaden the scope of nursing practice for psychophysiological patients so nurses can include stress management as part of patient care. 2. It is necessary to develop stress management program for other patients whose symptoms are known to be related to stress. 3. It is necessary to replicated this study with a larger sample in different settings.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.439-448
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the internal and marginal adaptation of two widely used CAD/CAM systems and to study the effect of porcelain press veneering process on the prosthesis adaptation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Molar of a lower jaw typodont resin model was prepared by adjusting a 1.0 mm circumferential chamfer, an occlusal reduction of 2.0 mm, and a $5^{\circ}$ convergence angle and was duplicated as an abrasion-resistant master die. The monolithic crowns and copings were fabricated with two different CAD/CAM system-Ceramil and Zirkonzahn systems. Two kinds of non-destructive analysis methods are used in this study. First, weight technique was used to determine the overall fitting accuracy. And, to evaluate internal and marginal fit of specific part, replica technique procedures were performed. RESULTS. The silicone weight for the cement space of monolithic crowns and copings manufactured with Ceramil system was significantly higher than that from Zirkonzahn system. This gap might cause the differences in the silicone weight because the prostheses were manufactured according to the recommendation of each system. Marginal discrepancies of copings made with Ceramil system were between 106 and $117{\mu}m$ and those from Zirkonzahn system were between 111 and $115{\mu}m$. Marginal discrepancies of copings made with Ceramil system were between 101 and $131{\mu}m$ and those from Zirkonzahn system were between 116 and $131{\mu}m$. CONCLUSION. Marginal discrepancy was relatively lower in Ceramil system and internal gap was smaller in Zirkonzahn system. There were significant differences in the internal gap of monolithic crown and coping among the 2 CAD/CAM systems. Marginal discrepancy produced from the 2 CAD/CAM systems were within a reported clinically acceptable range of marginal discrepancy.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2016

Purpose: Currently advanced in Dental CAD/CAM technology increase a use of Co-Cr sinter metal block at Dental CAD/CAM part traditionally it has been being used with metal casting method. There is an advantage that can leave out a step of investment and casting as well as reducing a working time to compare with conventional casting method in a dry milling. Methods: In this research, compare a deformation of before and after sinter result of Co-Cr sinter metal block. Design a specimen figure by 3D CAD software and transformed it to a STL file can be used at Dental CAD/CAM. With a transformed STL file, milled a Co-Cr sinter metal specimen by using a Dental CAD/CAM dry milling machine. It arrived at the following conclusions after measuring an outer form and thickness of a machined specimen and then after sinter measure it again in a way of before sinter measurement method. Results: It is confirmed that there is no error while a 3D design figure specimen is transformed to a Dental CAD data. It is observed that there is no error at Co-Cr sinter metal specimen which consider a length of single coping and bridge. Conclusion: It is observed that there is no deformation at a specimen of AS05 and AB05 are made of 0,5mm thickness. On the other hand, the out of range of deformation is observed at a specimen of AS10 and AB10 which are made of 1mm thickness.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.349-353
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• 2001

Korea has a variety of favorable conditions for utilizing wind as energy. First of all, as a geographical characteristic, it is a peninsular country with its three frontiers surrounded by sea. Such a location makes the country influenced, all the year round, both by sea winds and by seasonal winds, so that it has a good possibility of putting its rich wind resources to use as an energy source. Particularly, in view of the results of observations and analysis of actual data about wind sources, it is quite possible to build wind paver plants in many regions across the country, such as inhabited islands dotted on its southern and western coasts around the Korean peninsular, a number of uninhabited islets attached the main islands, large-scaled reclaimed lands, and major inland areas. In Korea, the attempt to develop the technology of wind paver generation started in the 1970's. It was since 1988, when the Law on the promotion of Alternative Energy Development was enacted, that research and development activities for employing the wind force as a part of energy source have got into full swing. At that moment, however, due to the low level of domestic technological development, such efforts were mainly focused on the attainment of basic technologies with regard to wind power generation. Recently, there have been many noticeable changes in the international as well as domestic environments, such as the conclusion of the International Climate Treaty and the increase in public concerns of natural environment. It is quite possible to predict that the demand for wind paver generation will increase in the near future. Therefore, recognizing that wind, as a clean energy source, can be a promising method for coping with the International Climate Treaty and for replacing the fossil fuel, oil, this essay investigates the development history of wind paver generation systems and the status of technological development in Korea and presents an appropriate model for the development of the paver generation system that can compete with other energy sources.