• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.8 no.11
• /
• pp.948-953
• /
• 2002

The electric power load during the peak time in summer is strongly affected by cooling load, which decreases the preparation ratio of electricity and brings about the failure in the supply of electricity in the electric power system. The ice-storage system and heat pump system are possible solutions to settle this problem. In this study. the method of estimating temperature and humidity to forecast the cooling load of ice-storage system is suggested, then the method of forecasting the cooling load using fuzzy logic is suggested by simulating that the cooling load is calculated using actual temperature and humidity. The forecast of the temperature, humidity and cooling load are simulated, and it is shown that the forecasted data approach to the actual data. Operating the ice-storage system by the forecast of cooling load with night electric power will improve the ice-storage system efficiency and reduce the peak electric power load during the summer season as a result.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2001

In this paper, we propose a method for estimating the peak load of pole-transformer in summer season considering the degree of cooling load possession in customer. The cooling load of customer is selected as the most reliable parameter of peak load in summer season. The proposed estimation method is restricted to the aspect of load management for pole-transformer. The main concept of proposed method is that the error of peak load estimation using load regression equation reduces with considering the degree of cooling load possession in customer. We propose an index for estimation of cooling load possession in each customer. The proposed index is defined as cooling load possession in customer (CLPC) and obtained from the increment of monthly electric energy. The membership function for deciding the uncertainty of cooling load possession in customer is used. The database of pole-transformer in Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) is used for case studies. Through the case studies, we verify that the proposed method reduces the error of peak load estimation than the conventional method in domestic.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.643-649
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to establish a standard for unit cooling load in central control type apartment applied district cooling. The model of unit household was selected. And the standard of coefficient of overall heat transmission, location of unit household, indoor air temperature, solar radiation & thermal conduction at window and interior load was selected, and region, expansion or non-expansion of balcony, pyeong type, azimuth, rate of window area was applied as parameter. And then cooling load simulation was performed. Based on the result of simulation, the synthetic district cooling load was presented for selecting heat source of apartment applied district cooling, and unit cooling load was analyzed according to design parameter.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
• /
• 2003.02a
• /
• pp.174-177
• /
• 2003

Cooling load from the top plate to L$N_2$ surface, including wall conduction, gas conduction, radiation, and current leads, is investigated in a closed cooling system for HTS transformer. In general methods of load calculation, individual load is estimated separately, but they are actually coupled each other because of natural convection of nitrogen vapor. Using heat transfer analysis, we calculate cooling load with taking into account the effect of natural convection. Cooling load is under- estimated approximately 2 ％ when the natural convection is ignored. If the operating current is high, there will be a wide difference between actual cooling load and cooling load by individual calculation. Cooling load decreases with increasing number of radiation shield. With production, construction, and cooling load, three radiation shields are proper to 1 MVA HTS transformer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
• /
• 2003.02a
• /
• pp.178-181
• /
• 2003

Intermediate cooling for current lead is used of thermal link in conduction cooling and cooled of itself in liquid cooling because it is put in liquid. If a existing formula for cooling load and optimal diameter-length of current lead is applied, it generate some more cooling load. Therefore, variation of thermal link height and holding depth in liquid is considered. This result is used of reducing cooling load of current lead occupying most of superconducting system load and applying liquid/conduction cooling systems.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.99-109
• /
• 1993

Cooling of nutrient solution is essential to improve the growth environment of crops in hydroponic culture during summer season in Korea. This study was carried out to provide fundamental data for development of the cooling system satisfying the required cooling load of nutrient solution in hydroponic greenhouse. A numerical model for prediction of the cooling load of nutrient solution in hydroponic greenhouse was developed, and the results by the model showed good agreements with those by experiments. Main factors effecting on cooling load were solar radiation and air temperature in weather data, and conductivity of planting board and area ratio of bed to floor in greenhouse parameters. Using the model developed, the design cooling load of nutrient solution in hydroponic greenhouse of 1,000$m^2$(300pyong) was predicted to be 95,000 kJ/hr in Suwon and the vicinity.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

In this paper, inverse building modeling was applied to building perimeter zones which have different window orientation. Two test zones of east-facing and west-facing zones in ERS(Energy Resource Station) building, which is representative of small commercial building, was used to test performance of cooling load calculation and peak cooling load reduction. The dynamic thermal load model for the east and west zone was validated using measured data for the zones and then it was used to investigate the effect of peak cooling load reduction by adjustment of indoor cooling temperature set points during on-peak time period. For the east zone, the peak load can be reduced to about 60% of the peak load for conventional control even without any precooling. For the west zone, PLR is nearly independent of the start of the on-peak period until a start time of 1pm. Furthermore, PLR has a small dependence on the precooling duration. Without any precooling, the peak cooling load can be reduced to about 35% of the peak load associated with conventional control.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.233-238
• /
• 2006

A new district cooling system using ice slurry for the uncertain cooling load of the future is presented. The chilled water produced by the absorption chillers is used for the base cooling load. The temperature of the chilled water is reduced by mixing of ice slurry depending on increasing of the cooling load. Finally, IPF of the ice slurry is increased up to 10% at the peak load. The transporting mass flow rate is decreased down to 44.7%, and the diameter of the main pipe is decreased down to 66.7%, but the diameter of the branched pipe is designed as the same size of the chilled water.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2015

In order to develop the cooling load estimation method in the greenhouse, the cooling load calculation formula based on the heat balance method was constructed and verified by the actual cooling load measured in the fog cooling greenhouse. To examine the ventilation heat transfer in the cooling load calculation formula, we measured ventilation rates in the experimental greenhouse which a cooling system was not operated. The ventilation heat transfer by a heat balance method showed a relatively good agreement. Evaporation efficiencies of the two-fluid fogging system were a range of 0.3 to 0.94, average 0.67, and it showed that they increased as the ventilation rate increased. We measured thermal environments in a fog cooling greenhouse, and calculated cooling load by heat balance equation. Also we calculated evaporative cooling energy by measuring the sprayed amount in the fogging system. And by comparing those two results, we could verify that the calculated and the measured cooling load showed a relatively similar trend. When the cooling load was low, the measured value was slightly larger than calculated, when the cooling load was high, it has been found to be smaller than calculated. In designing the greenhouse cooling system, the capacity of cooling equipment is determined by the maximum cooling load. We have to consider the safety factor when installed capacity is estimated, so a cooling load calculation method presented in this study could be applied to the greenhouse environmental design.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.8
• /
• pp.626-633
• /
• 2002

The electric power load during the peak time in summer is strongly affected by cooling load, which decreases the preparation ratio of electricity and brings about the failure in the supply of electricity in the electric power system. The ice-storage system and heat pump system etc. are used to settle this problem. In this study, the method of estimating temperature and humidity to forecast the cooling load of ice storage system is suggested. And also the method of forecasting the cooling load using neural network is suggested. For the simulation, the cooling load is calculated using actual temperature and humidity, The forecast of the temperature, humidity and cooling load are simulated. As a result of the simulation, the forecasted data is approached to the actual data.