• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.346-358
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find differences in dietary patterns through menu analysis by economic status. The data was obtained from the 1998 and 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea. The main variables were economic status, sex, and area by urbanization. The economic status was classified into low, middle, high, and top classes using a poverty line based on the 1998 and 2001 minimum standard cost of living. The areas were divided into metropolis, small city, and rural areas. The dishes of 3 meals were classified into 29 categories by cooking method. The most frequent pattern was "rice + soup + kimchi". The frequency of this Korean basic dietary pattern was the lowest in the top income class and metropolis areas, while the highest in the low income class and rural areas. The frequency of Korean recommended dietary pattern, that is, "rice + soup or stew + kimchi + side dish" was the highest in the top income class. The metropolis group preferred side dishes using meat and a cooking method that saved time, but the rural group preferred side dishes using vegetables and cooking methods that take a longer time. In comparison of dietary pattern between male and female by economic status, the higher economic status, the male's dietary patterns showed more side dishes than those of female. But the main side dish was kimchi in male low class. Consequently, the major dietary pattern in Korea is rice-style, though the western pattern is increasing in the top income class, especially in metropolis areas. Therefore, to make a better dietary pattern, we should develop and spread low-priced recipes of various side dishes and teach financial skills such as ability to make a food budget for lower income classes. Also, we should emphasize the importance of the balance between meat and vegetables and traditional diet and western diet for the top income class, especially in the metropolis areas.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.311-320
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• 2019

This study aimed to optimize mixing conditions (adding amount of squid skin and sea tangle Saccharina japonica) for concentrates of octopus Octopus vulgaris cooking effluent (COCE) and roasting conditions (temperature and time) of seasoned Laver Pyropia yezoensis with concentrates of octopus cooking effluent (SL-COCE) using response surface methodology (RSM). The results of RSM program for COCE showed that the optimum independent variables ($X_1$, squid skin amount; $X_2$, sea tangle amount) based on the dependent variables ($Y_1$, odor intensity; $Y_2$, amino-N content; $Y_3$, sensory overall acceptance) for high-quality COCE were 0.53% (w/w) for $X_1$ and 0.48% (w/w) for $X_2$ for uncoded values. The results of the RSM program for SL-COCE showed that the optimum independent variables ($X_1$, roasted temp.; $X_2$, roasted time) based on the dependent variables ($Y_1$, burnt odor intensity; $Y_2$, water activity; $Y_3$, sensory overall acceptance) for high-quality SL-COCE were $344^{\circ}C$ for $X_1$ and 8 sec for $X_2$ for uncoded values. The SL-COCE prepared under optimum procedure was superior in sensory overall acceptance to commercial seasoned laver.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.335-349
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• 2022

To optimize the hydrolysis conditions in the production of antioxidant hydrolysates from tuna cooking juice concentrate (TC) to maximize the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, TC containing 48.91% protein was hydrolyzed with Alcalase 2.4 L, and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied. The optimum hydrolysis conditions included a 2.2% (w/v) Alcalase concentration and 281 min hydrolysis time, resulting in the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity of 66.49% (0.98 µmol Trolox/mg protein). The analysis of variance for RSM showed that hydrolysis time was an important factor that significantly affected the process (p < 0.05). The effects of different drying methods (freeze drying, hot air drying, and vacuum drying) on the DPPH radical scavenging activity and amino acid (AA) profiles of TC hydrolysate (TCH) were evaluated. Vacuum-dried TCH (VD) exhibited an increase in DPPH radical scavenging activity of 81.28% (1.20 µmol Trolox/mg protein). The VD samples were further fractionated by ultrafiltration. The AA profiles and antioxidant activities in terms of the DPPH radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and ferrous ion chelating activity were investigated. Glutamic acid, glycine, arginine, and cysteine were the major AAs found in the TCH fractions. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in the VD-1 fraction (< 5 kDa). The VD-3 fraction (> 10 kDa) exhibited the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The ferrous ion chelating activity was the highest in VD-1 and VD-2 (5 to 10 kDa). In conclusion, this study provided the optimal conditions to obtain high antioxidant activities through TCH production, and these conditions could provide a basis for the future application of TCH as a functional food ingredient.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.1245-1258
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• 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of natural ingredient seasoning on the reduction of heterocyclic amine (HCA) production that may occur when pork belly is cooked at a very high temperature for a long time. Pork belly seasoned with natural ingredients, such as natural spices, blackcurrant, and gochujang, was cooked using the most common cooking methods, such as boiling, pan fry, and barbecue. HCAs in pork belly were extracted through solid-phase extraction and analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography. For short-term toxicity, a mouse model was used to analyze weight, feed intake, organ weight, and length; hematology and serology analysis were also performed. Results revealed that HCAs formed only when heating was performed at a very high temperature for a long time, not under general cooking conditions. Although the toxicity levels were not dangerous, the method showing the relatively highest toxicity among various cooking methods was barbecue, and the natural material with the highest toxicity reduction effect was blackcurrant. Furthermore, seasoning pork belly with natural materials containing a large amount of antioxidants, such as vitamin C, can reduce the production of toxic substances, such as HCAs, even if pork belly is heated to high temperatures.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.1747-1754
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• 2016

가지를 세 단계의 경도 범위를 갖도록 조리방법(끓이기, 전자레인지 조리, 찌기) 및 시간을 설정하여 조리한 후 시료의 항산화 및 영양 특성을 분석하였다. 조직감에서는 조리조건에 따라 탄력성과 부착성은 증가하고 응집성과 씹힘성은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 가지 껍질의 색은 끓이기와 찌기 조리에 의해서는 색의 변화가 크지 않았으나, 전자레인지 조리에 의해서는 모든 값이 대조군보다 크게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. DPPH로 측정한 항산화 활성은 끓인 이후에는 감소하였으나, 전자레인지나 찌기에 의해서는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 총폴리페놀 함량은 찌기에 의해 세 단계 모두에서 대조군인 생가지보다 증가하였으나, 끓이기나 전자레인지 조리에 의해서는 대조군보다 낮은 함량을 보였다. 가지의 대표적 항산화 물질인 클로로겐산 함량은 찌기 조리 이후 대조군보다 증가하였고, 전자레인지나 끓이기 조리 이후에는 대조군보다 감소하였다. 또한, 끓이는 조리시간이 길어질수록 총함량은 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 전자레인지 조리시간이 길어지는 경우는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 전자레인지 조리에 의해 내부구조의 붕괴가 두드러졌으며, 끓이기와 찌기는 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 조리시간이 길어질수록 조직과 세포벽에서 칼슘의 용출이 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 조리방법에 따라서는 끓이기< 전자레인지 조리< 찌기의 순으로 칼슘의 용출이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 가지를 열처리하여 연화시키는 경우, 같은 경도를 기준으로 할 때 끓이기나 전자레인지 조리하는 것보다 찌는 경우에 항산화 효과뿐 아니라 총폴리페놀 함량, 클로로겐산과 칼슘 함량 등 영양 및 항산화 특성이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 조리시간이 길어질수록 영양 및 항산화 특성은 증가하였으나 연화 2단계를 위해 17분 이상 찌는 경우는 다소 감소하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 1975

굴 탈각을 위한 자숙조건을 검토하고, 각 자숙조건별로 유출한 자중에 대하여 질소 화합물의 함량 분포에 관하여 실험하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 굴의 탈각을 위한 자숙조건은 탈각 능율과 육질부의 상태에 비추어 $110^{\circ}C$, 15분간이 적합하였다. 2. 자숙조건에 따라 측정한, 총 질소, 단백태 질소, 비단백태 질소 및 아미노태 질소의 각 함량은 각 은도별로 가열시간의 경과에 따라서 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 $110^{\circ}C$의 가열조건일 때는 이 경향이 더욱 분명한 결과이었다. 3. $110^{\circ}C$, 15분간의 자숙조건에서의 총 질소 함량은 $225.6mg\%$, 단백태 질소의 함량은 $54.4mg\%$, 아미노태 질소의 함량은 $89.2mg\%$이었다. 이 때의 유리 아미노산적 함량 조성은 arginine이 $26.00mg\%$, histidine이 $12.10mg\%$ 그리고 tyrosine $2.70mg\%$, leucine $2.15mg\%$, lysine $1.90mg\%$ 순이었다. glutamic acid, isoleucine, serine, threonine, glycine 등은 미량이 함유되어 있었다. 끝으로 본 연구중, 질소 화합물외 분석을 도와 준 부산 수산대학 대학원 정 보영 군과 유리 아미노산의 분석을 위하며 도와 준 부관 수산대학 대학원 성 낙주 군에게 감사를 표한다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.83-95
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• 1997

Cooking food is very important in Chinese medicine when we regard the food to be the principal origin of the nutrition of human body and the condition required to maitain the activities of the life of human body. Chinese medicine has accumulated the diverse and rich experience of cooking food through long clinical experience as well as made an important contribution to the healthy and long life through the unique theory of cooking food. Chineses medicine has deep view on the relations between food cooking and healthy and long life as well as presented the principle of cooking food created unique ways of food cooking such as food treatment. As the above, from the ancient times, Chinese medicine established Chinese medical science of nutrition under the consciousness of the theory that food and medicine have the same origin and practiced the methods of promoting the health through rightly selecting the foods. Therefore it has been thought that human beings can enjoy healthy life by rich supply of the nutrition. Comfortable ways of sleeping requie the emotion and peace with temperation in pleasure and anger, and also we should be temporate in eating, acting, sleeping posture and be flee from the wind, and we should not put on a quilt when sleep, and we should sleep alone and be careful about sexual life. The concrete measures for sexual intercourse are that: 1) we should marry at the right age not to be married at early age. 2) we should obey nature and not live unmarried life. 3) we should be temperate in having sexual intercoure and in excessive sexual desire. Regarding the residence and clothes: the residence environment should be calm and beautiful and the room for the residence should be well designed to be clean and sanitary and we should wear suitable clothes. All living creatures are living according to the rhythm of the living body and the change of the great nature. The Reason why the living things show the periodical rhythm is not that it is the truth of the great nature, but that the living life itself shall be ceased to be existed in case of running counter to such rhythm. There are 2 specially important things: one is about food in biological view and the other is the residence in social side. By starting from the theory that food and medicine have the same origin and root, we should rightly select the foods to promote the health at the maximum, and it is very important for human to be well obeying the environment and temperate in the life of residence and mind (Choi, Sam Byun, Shon, Sook Young, 1997). As the above, the cook in Chinese medicine suggests us the suitable ways of achieving the goal of nursing. Therefore the continuous study of this field is necessary based on this my study though it is unsatisfactory at this time but it would be the basic materals in establishing the nursing science of Chinese medicine.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2015

양배추를 각기 다른 방법(blanching, steaming, microwaving)으로 가열하면서 열처리 시간에 따른 glucosinolates와 SMM의 함량 변화 및 항산화 활성을 양배추 에탄올 추출물의 농도별로 측정하였다. 신선한 양배추 추출물에는 glucoraphanin, sinigrin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin 및 glucobrassicin의 4종의 glucosinolates를 HPLC 분석방법으로 확인하였다. 양배추는 SMM 함량이 건조중량 100 g 당 192.85 mg으로 다른 십자화과 채소들에 비해 풍부하였다. 끓는 물에 데치는 조리법에 비해 스팀을 이용하여 찌거나 전자레인지로 가열하였을 때 glucosinolates와 SMM 함량이 높게 나타났으며 이는 다량의 물을 사용하여 끓이는 경우, 수용성이 강한 이들 물질들이 조리수로 용출되기 때문으로 사료된다. 소량의 물을 붓고 찌거나 전자레인지로 가열하는 경우는 glucosinolates 나 SMM이 조리수로 용출되는 것을 최소화하는 동시에 활성물질들이 열처리를 하는 동안 양배추 조직으로부터 분리되어 표면으로 노출되었기 때문으로 해석된다. DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거능력을 통해 양배추 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과, 가열시간이 길어질수록 항산화 성분이 파괴되어 신선한 양배추에 비해 항산화 활성이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 양배추를 포함한 십자화과 채소의 주요 생리활성 물질인 glucosinolates나 SMM의 파괴를 최소화하기 위해서는 가열 방법과 가열시간을 적절히 선택하는 것이 중요하며, 가급적이면 장시간 동안 물에 끓이는 방법보다는 스팀을 이용하여 찌거나 전자레인지를 이용한 가열방법을 선택하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.810-817
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• 2013

본 연구는 백진주 쌀가루를 이용한 비유탕 쌀과자 제조조건의 최적화를 목적으로 두 가지 독립변수인 쌀 수침시간과 콩물 첨가량에 따라 9가지 조건의 비유탕 쌀과자 품질특성을 분석하였다. 무게는 쌀 수침시간이 길어짐에 따라 증가하다가 11.26일 이후에는 다시 감소하였으나 콩물 첨가량은 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 부피와 부피팽창율은 쌀 수침시간이 길어지고, 콩물 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 밀도는 쌀 수침시간이 1.94일 이전이고, 콩물 첨가량이 32.23% 이상일 때 밀도가 가장 낮은 구간으로 나타났다. 색도에서 쌀 수침시간이 3.52일 이상이고 콩물 첨가량이 35.47%일 때 L값은 높은 구간으로 나타났고, a값은 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났으며, b값은 쌀 수침시간이 길어지고 콩물 첨가량이 증가할수록 높게 나타났다. 경도는 쌀 수침시간이 5.28~8.53일이고, 콩물첨가량이 5.34~20.26%일 때 가장 높은 구간으로 나타났다. 색, 향미, 외형 및 전체적인 선호도는 쌀 수침시간이 짧고, 콩물 첨가량이 적을수록 선호도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 최적 조건을 설정하기 위하여 독립변수인 쌀 수침시간과 콩물 첨가량을 범위 내에서 최소로 설정하고, 종속변수에서 밀도는 최소로 설정하고 다른 항목은 최대로 설정하였을 때 백진주 쌀가루를 이용한 비유탕 쌀과자의 최적 조건은 쌀 수침시간 0.69일이고 콩물 첨가량은 26.67%로 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.557-564
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• 1995

This study was attempted to standardize preparation methods of Korean foods; Pibimbab (mixed rice) and Kongnamul Pibimbab (sprout mixed rice with soybean). We followed cooking method by using cookbooks, food service operation recipes , materials distributed by commercial food restaurants from their own experimental kitchens, and home recipes. Before those recipes were standardized, we thoroughly analyzed and modified. The total yield and portions were determined together with weights and procedures. And we evaluated food made by standardized recipes for acceptability by taste panels from Sookmyung Women's University. It concluded that yield volume for Pibimbab and Kongnamul Pibimbab after cooking for 10 persons was 6.5 kg, optimum service temperature was 7$0^{\circ}C$, preparation time was 6 hours, service volumes by one person was 650 g. This presentation for above on food materials and material weights, preparation methodsas well as cautions and references are attached in this research paper.