• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.435-446
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• 2012

The present study identified volatile flavor components of Hanwoo longissimus muscle and other Korean foods (Doenjang, Chungukjang, sesame oil) and their traits were compared in relation with flavor precursors that include fatty acids and protein degradation products. Hanwoo longissimus muscle was purchased from a commercial abattoir while the other foods were sampled from three separate households. The results showed totals of 68 ($9.94{\mu}g/g$), 60 ($15.75{\mu}g/g$), 49 ($107.61{\mu}g/ml$) and 50 ($7.20{\mu}g/g$) volatile components for Doenjang, Chungukjang, sesame oil and Hanwoo beef longissimus, respectively (p<0.05). Aldehydes were the most predominant components in beef, but alcohols, acids and esters, and pyrazines are probably the major contributors to the flavor characteristics of other foods. SDS-PAGE revealed that beef longissimus muscle and Doenjang showed higher protein degradation than other foods which could be likely related to chiller ageing and ripening process. The total polyunsaturated fatty acids were approximately 50, 60, 41 and 5% for Doenjang, Chungukjang, sesame oil and beef longissimus muscle, respectively. Based on the mechanism(s) of generation of the volatile compounds and the chemical composition of each food sample, differences and traits of volatile flavor components among the four food types are likely due to fatty acid profiles, proteolytic activity and processing conditions. Aroma intense compounds like pyrazines and sulfur-containing compounds were limited in cooked beef in the current experimental condition (i.e., relatively low heating temperature). This suggests that higher heating temperature as in the case of roasting is needed for the generation of high aroma notes in meat. Furthermore, proteolytic activity and stability of fatty acids during ageing have a great influence on the generation of flavor components in cooked beef.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1994

The pyrolytic formation of benzo[a]pyrene during the cooking procedure was analysed in beef, pork, pacific saury, rice, and soybean by HPLC. In raw foods, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) was not detected or negligible, but it was increasingly formed when foods were boiled (0.010~0.037 ppb) and more dramatically during broiling (0.302~0.851 ppb) in a time dependent manner. Human daily intake of B[a]P in Koreans and cancer risk assessment were estimated based on food consumption per capita and carcinogenic potency of B[a]P. When cooked foods were consumed for entire life time, cancer risk was estimated to bo 1.77$\times$10-6>1.65$\times$10-7>1.32$\times$10-8 by the order of broiled, boiled, and raw foods consumption. These data suggest that broiled foods produce more benzo[a]pyrene than water boiled foods. Thus cooking procedure is an important factor for the formation of carcinogens and needs to bo modified to reduce cancer risk for man.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.138-141
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of irradiation treatment on the inactivation of pathogens in ready-to-use cooked carrot. The pathogens tested were Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria inocua. Following the inoculation of these organisms into cooked carrot (about $10^6-10^8\;CFU/g$), the growth of each was inhibited due to irradiation for 24 hr of storage at $20^{\circ}C$. S. typhimurium and E. coli inoculated into cooked carrot were not detected following irradiation with 3 kGy. S. aureus and L. inocua inoculated into the cooked carrot decreased by 5 logs (CFU/g) following 2 kGy irradiation. The range of $D_{10}$ values was from 0.30-0.50. The Hunter color, $L^*-,\;a^*-$, and $b^*-values$, and the hardness of the cooked carrot were not effected by irradiation treatment. The sensory score of irradiated cooked carrot was not statistically different from that of non-irradiated samples (p>0.05). These results indicate that low dose irradiation can enhance the microbial safety and extend the shelf-life of ready-to-eat foods such as cooked carrot.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 1993

A study was designed to assess the current status of weaning practice and to serve as a guideline of a processed baby foods through the an in-depth survey focused on the Seoul and Kyunggi area. 16.I% mothers surveyed were breast-fed and 54.6% were formula-fed. They mostly wanted to obtain information about processed bady foods and the adequate amount and weaning method of bady foods and showed deep interest in recipe of weaning foods. The average score of weaning knowledge which is counted by mothers'responses was IS.S and was significantly high in the high-educated group. The average Period when those surveved began weaning was $4.3\pm1.8$months and hight-educated mothers began weaning earlier than low-educated group. 77.O% mothers prepared weaning foods at home. The most popular recipe were gruel with meats and vegetables(52.6%) and they usually used mashed or grinded fruits(69.7%). 36.6% of the mothers surveyed used processed baby foods on sale once a day on the ground that such a small package is very convinient to carry. The processed baby foods which the mothers wanted to develope was the already-cooked type and to be able store at room temperature.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.152-171
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• 2005

This study was to investigate the perception of Korean traditional festival/holiday foods among the housewives in their 20's, 30's, 40's, and 50's residing in Seoul. Out of 350 questionnaires, 282 respondents were results The results were summarized as fellows: The most familial traditional holiday was Seollal on the New Year's Day(100%), and the most favored foods for respective traditional holidays are as fellows: tteokguk, rice paste soup, (98.23%) for Seollal on the New Year's Day; ogokbap, cooked rice mixed with five cereals (98.23%) for Daeboreum on the New Moon's Day of January 15; neuttitteok, zelkova ricecake, (20.64%) for Chopail on Buddha's Birthday; charyunbyeong cake (20.21%) for Dano on May 5; gyesamttang, chicken broth with ginseng, (89.72%) for Sambok, the hottest period of summer; songpyeon, pine cake, (96.45%) for Chuseok on August Moon Festival; patjuk, redbean stew, (98.94%) for Dongji on the winter solstice; and mandu, bun, (16.37%) for Seotdalgeumeum on the year-end day. Most of the respondents said that they ate traditional festival foods in compliance with the traditional manners and customs and that they made such traditional foods at home. They added that they wanted to team more about various recipes of the traditional foods and pointed out that traditional holiday foods had to be modernized in some way.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2007

'Local food' is defined as food that has been cooked using local specialities or food prepared with the application of special cooking method associated with a particular locale. In Korea, much of what is considered 'traditional food' is derived from local foods. Therefore, much attention has recently been focused on the role of local foods in terms of the development of Korean traditional foods. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the perception concerns regrading Jeollabuk-do local foods held by university students in Jeollabuk-do, a province which is famous for its delicious local foods. The majority of students felt sympathy toward the succession and development of Jeollabuk-do local foods and generally appeared to feel that Jeollabuk-do local food was representative of a vital cultural heritage. Summing up answers to questions regarding the reasons for the succession and development of local food in Jeollabuk-do, it seems clear that in order to augment the popularity of Jeollabuk-do local foods, a variety of schemes should be implemented rather than any specific strategy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.202-215
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• 2000

Intake frequency of one food is often associated with other food items, but few studies examined the relationship of food intake frequency among food items. Finding the relationship among intake frequencies of different food might be useful to understand the food intake patterns of population and correlated foods would be used as an indicators of another food intake. Relationship of food intake can be also applied to make a more simple and useful form of food frequency questionnaire to assess the association between diet and various diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation of intake frequency among food items in food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A FFQ with 84 food items was administered to 14533 Korean males who 40-65 years of age participating Korean cancer research survey. Data fromm 7647 subjects who completed FFQ were used to examine correlation among food items with three different methods-log linear regression models, Spearman correlation coefficients and cell frequency distribution. To examine the rank correlation, coefficients were calculated by Spearman correlation after scoring the frequency categories. Three most correlated foods were selected in every food intems by three methods each. In most food items, there was positive correlatin, except cooked rice and cooked brown rice, in intake frequency between foods that belonged to similar food groups. But serveral food items-Sausage (processed fish, cheese), Milk (whilte bread, orange juice), Soymilk(other juices), Cheese (pizza, butter), and Coffee(thick beef soup)-showed correlation among totally different food groups. Two sets of food items which were selected by log linear regression model and Sperman correlation coefficients were compared. There were exactly three common foods in 18 food items, 2 common foods in 47 items, 1 common food in 16 items and no common food in 3 items among 3 ranked foods. Three sets of selected food were compared. There were exactly three common foods in 5 food items, 2 common foods in 21 items, 1 common food in 34items and no common food in 24 items among 3 ranked foods. These results indicate that certain patterns exist among intake frequencies of specific food items in the FFQ. More researches are suggested to understand the relationshiops among the intakes of foods so that this information can be used in developing better FFQ or analyzing missing items from self-administered FFQ.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.201-208
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• 1993

The ascorbic acid contents of 101 food items were analyzed by HPLC to provide database to estimate dietary intakes of ascorbic acid of Korean. Foods with high contents of ascorbic acid were green vegetables, citrus fruits, strawberry, kiwi, and fruit juices. This analysis data of ascorbic acid contents in some food items showed significant deviations compared with other Food Composition Table. Ascorbic acid content in soups were lower than those of raw foods by about 57%. The ascorbic acid contents in blanched or seasoned after blanching vegetables and boiled or steamed meals turned out to be decreased by about 52.3% and 47.5%, respectively, but the degrees were varied with the kind of foods as well as cooking methods. The ascorbic acid intakes from 18 most frequently consumed meals in Korea were determined to be about 1/2 of Food Composition Table according to this analysis data. The results showed the importance of accurate food database in assessing nutrient intake levels of population.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.379-389
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• 2008

학교급식에 공급되는 식재료와 이를 이용하여 조리한 식품에 대한 미생물적 품질검사를 위하여 2005년 6월${\sim}$7월, 9월${\sim}$10월의 2회로 나누어 서울시에 위치한 초등학교 11개교에서 원료 식재료와 이를 이용하여 조리한 식품시료(54종 64품목)를 수거하였다. 수거한 시료 중 장내세균은 전처리 채소에서 $0.86{\sim}6.78$ log CFU/g, 육류(돼지고기, 쇠고기, 닭봉)에서 $2.08{\sim}5.18$ log CFU/g, 어류(고등어, 코다리, 동태)에서 $2.20{\sim}4.14$ log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었다. 양념된 채소인 생채류와 샐러드에서 $2.99{\sim}5.30$ log CFU/g, 숙채류에서는 $2.45{\sim}4.24$ log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었다. 반 가공 식품인 J교의 떡국떡, D교의 두부에서도 각각 0.72와 2.44 log CFU/g의 장내세균이 검출되었다. 대장균은 전처리 야채인 쪽파(1.74 log CFU/g), 비전처리 야채에서 방울토마토(3.70 log CFU/g), 깻잎(3.59 log CFU/g), 쑥갓(3.15 log CFU/g), 미나리(0.20 log CFU/g), 파슬리(3.00 log CFU/g) 등 5건이 검출되었고, 육류는 돼지고기(0.65 log CFU/g), 쇠고기($0.20{\sim}1.50$ log CFU/g), 닭봉(1.78 log CFU/g)에서 검출되었다. 조리된 식품에서는 숙채류인 무청된장무침에서 1건(1.24 log CFU/g)이 검출되었다. 다중검출 유전자분석법(Multiplex PCR)을 이용한 유전자분석방법으로 Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, B. cereus, C. jejuni, V. parahaemolyticus, Shigella spp. 8종을 검출하여 확인한 결과, 8건의 조리된 음식과 식재료 19건에서 B. cereus가 검출되었다. 검출된 B. cereus의 정량검사 결과, 깻잎 5.46 log CFU/g, 청포묵무침 1.79 log CFU/g, 쪽파(전처리) 3.48 log CFU/g 수준으로 검출되었다. 조리식품인 청포묵무침과 코다리조림은 원료에서는 검출되지 않았으나 조리된 식품에서 B. cereus가 검출되어 조리과정에서의 교차오염으로 판단되었다. E. coli O157:H7은 냉동쇠고기에서 2건이 검출되었고 1건이 API kit로 확인 동정(93.7%)되었다. L. monocytogenes는 유전자분석결과 튀김 1건에서 검출되었으나 전통적인 배지법으로 확인 실험한 결과, 의심집락은 확인할 수 없었다. 또한, C. jejuni는 전처리한 양파에서 검출되었다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2008

This study is focused on developing traditional folk products by utilizing the representative crops and indigenous products of Wanju area on the basis of surveys on the visitors to the native local restaurants. The study examined 110 visitors of thirty native local foods restaurants in Wanju area from December 5, 2007 to January 5, 2008. The result of this study is as follows. First, the restaurant visitors presented different opinions about the competitiveness of Wanju foods and gender-wise differences in their food competitiveness, food information and food choice. This can be translated as men and women had different preferences in how much they spend for eating out and choosing foods. Second, their different age, incomes and jobs also indicated their different preferences. Third, they point out broth, cooked rice, and dessert as the native local menu that must be developed in Wanju area. Among the local menu to be developed were Wanju style mushroom rice, chicken stew, oriental herb duck soup and fruit dessert. The effort to exploit the native local menu of Wanju should contribute to activating the sales of restaurants and further to the economic development of the region.