• 대한간호학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.12-25
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was performed to develop the Job Satisfaction Scale for Clinical Nurses (JSS-CN) and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: A preliminary 42-item version of the JSS-CN was developed through literature reviews and in-depth interviews. The draft scale was developed using thirty-seven items selected following content validity evaluation. Finally, thirty-three items with response options on a 5-point Likert scale were selected based on internal consistency reliability and construct validity. Subsequently, the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the JSS-CN were verified. Results: Six factors, namely, recognition from the organization and professional achievement, personal maturation through the nursing profession, interpersonal interaction with respect and recognition, accomplishment of accountability as a nurse, display of professional competency, and stability and job worth, were identified, which explained 59.7% of the total variance. The JSS-CN's Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for the total scale was .95, and the intra-class correlation coefficient was .90. The correlation coefficient between the scores of the JSS-CN and Slavitt's scale was .75, and that between the JSS-CN and job performance was .53. Conclusion: Results showed that the JSS-CN has good reliability and validity. Therefore, it is concluded that the JSS-CN could be a useful tool for the measurement of the job satisfaction of clinical nurses in Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.298-306
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• 2005

Objectives : To develop measurement scales of Internet addiction, and propose a Korean Internet Addiction Index (K-IAI) and classification criteria for Internet addiction from the threshold scores developed. Methods : The identification of the concept of 'Internet addiction' was based on the literature review. To select the scales, an exploratory factor analysis was applied. A construct validation was tested by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a structured equation model (SEM). In testing the validity of the classification criteria, ANOVA and non-recursive models with SEM were applied. Results : Out of 1,080 questionnaires distributed, 1,037 were returned,; a response rate of 96%. The Cronbach-$\alpha$ of all items was over 0.75. Using an exploratory factor analysis in the condition of a 6 factor constrain as the study model proposed, 23 of the initial 28 items were identified. In testing the discriminant and convergent validity of the selected 23 scales using CFA with SEM, the Internet addiction model explained about 93% of all variances of the data collected, and all the latent variables significantly explained the designated scales. A K-IAI was proposed using the T-scores of the sum of all factor averages. In the classification of users, the basic concept was a twostandard deviation approach of the K-IAI as the criteria of MMPI. The addiction group had a score ${\geq}70$ in the K-IAI, the pre-addiction group between ${\geq}50$ and <70, and the average user group <50. The Internet use times of the classified groups were statistically different in the ANOVA and multiple comparisons. Conclusions : The K-IAI is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring Internet addiction. Moreover, the taxonomy of the groups was also verified using various methods.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1554-1562
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• 2018

The type I interferons (IFNs) play a vital role in activation of innate immunity in response to viral infection. Accordingly, viruses have evolved to employ various survival strategies to evade innate immune responses induced by type I IFNs. For example, hepatitis E virus (HEV) encoded papain-like cysteine protease (PCP) has been shown to inhibit IFN activation signaling by suppressing K63-linked de-ubiquitination of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), thus effectively inhibiting down-stream activation of IFN signaling. In the present study, we demonstrated that HEV inhibits polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))-induced $IFN-{\beta}$ transcriptional induction. Moreover, by using reporter assay with individual HEV-encoded gene, we showed that HEV methyltransferase (MeT), a non-structural protein, significantly decreases RIG-I-induced $IFN-{\beta}$ induction and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling activities in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, we report here that MeT, along with PCP, is responsible for the inhibition of RIG-I-induced activation of type I IFNs, expanding the list of HEV-encoded antagonists of the host innate immunity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.719-738
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• 2010

The aim of this paper concerns with the nonlinear analysis of cable-stayed bridges including the vibration effect of cable stays. Two models for the cable stay system are built up in the study. One is the OECS (one element cable system) model in which one single element per cable stay is used and the other is MECS (multi-elements cable system) model, where multi-elements per cable stay are used. A finite element computation procedure has been set up for the nonlinear analysis of such kind of structures. For shape finding of the cable-stayed bridge with MECS model, an efficient computation procedure is presented by using the two-loop iteration method (equilibrium iteration and shape iteration) with help of the catenary function method to discretize each single cable stay. After the convergent initial shape of the bridge is found, further analysis can then be performed. The structural behaviors of cable-stayed bridges influenced by the cable lateral motion will be examined here detailedly, such as the static deflection, the natural frequencies and modes, and the dynamic responses induced by seismic loading. The results show that the MECS model offers the real shape of cable stays in the initial shape, and all the natural frequencies and modes of the bridge including global modes and local modes. The global mode of the bridge consists of coupled girder, tower and cable stays motion and is a coupled mode, while the local mode exhibits only the motion of cable stays and is uncoupled with girder and tower. The OECS model can only offers global mode of tower and girder without any motion of cable stays, because each cable stay is represented by a single straight cable (or truss) element. In the nonlinear seismic analysis, only the MECS model can offer the lateral displacement response of cable stays and the axial force variation in cable stays. The responses of towers and girders of the bridge determined by both OECS- and MECS-models have no great difference.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.113-116
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• 2020

본 논문은 360도 동영상과 감각효과(Sensorial Effects)가 피실험자의 몰입도, 만족도, 실재감에 미치는 영향을 측정하기 위한 사용자 경험(Quality of Experience: QoE) 평가 실험 방법을 제안한다. 피실험자는 발향장치가 부착된 헤드 마운티드 디스플레이(Head Mounted Display: HMD)를 착용한 상태에서 감각효과가 동반된 360도 동영상을 경험한 후, 몰입도, 만족도, 실재감에 대한 설문에 응답한다. 응답 분석 결과 제안된 실험방법이 360도 VR 동영상과 감각효과에 대한 피실험자의 몰입도, 만족도, 실재감 등을 측정하기에 적합한 실험 방법임을 확인하였다. 반면, 360도 동영상을 시청하는 도중 비교 실험을 위한 회색 화면을 삽입하게 되면 몰입도와 실재감에 상당한 저하를 일으키는 것으로 파악되었다.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.240-253
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• 2017

Latin hypercube sampling is widely used design-of-experiment technique to select design points for simulation which are then used to construct a surrogate model. The exploration/exploitation properties of surrogate models depend on the size and distribution of design points in the chosen design space. The present study aimed at evaluating the performance characteristics of various surrogate models depending on the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) procedure (sample size and spatial distribution) for a diverse set of optimization problems. The analysis was carried out for two types of problems: (1) thermal-fluid design problems (optimizations of convergent-divergent micromixer coupled with pulsatile flow and boot-shaped ribs), and (2) analytical test functions (six-hump camel back, Branin-Hoo, Hartman 3, and Hartman 6 functions). The three surrogate models, namely, response surface approximation, Kriging, and radial basis neural networks were tested. The important findings are illustrated using Box-plots. The surrogate models were analyzed in terms of global exploration (accuracy over the domain space) and local exploitation (ease of finding the global optimum point). Radial basis neural networks showed the best overall performance in global exploration characteristics as well as tendency to find the approximate optimal solution for the majority of tested problems. To build a surrogate model, it is recommended to use an initial sample size equal to 15 times the number of design variables. The study will provide useful guidelines on the effect of initial sample size and distribution on surrogate construction and subsequent optimization using LHS sampling plan.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2020

In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, the world is undergoing rapid social change. The purpose of this study is to predict the expected changes and necessary competencies and desired curriculum and teaching methods in the field of mechanical engineering in the near future. The research method was a Delphi study. It was conducted three times with 20 mechanical engineering experts. The results of the study are as follows: In the field of mechanical engineering, it will be increased the situational awareness by the use of measurement sensors, development of computer applications, flexibility and optimization by user's needs and mechanical equipment, and demand for robots equipped with AI. The mechanical engineer's career perspectives will be positive, but if it is stable, it will be a crisis. Therefore active response is needed. The competencies required in the field of mechanical engineering include collaborative skills, complex problem solving skills, self-directed learning skills, problem finding skills, creativity, communication skills, convergent thinking skills, and system engineering skills. The undergraduate curriculum to achieve above competencies includes four major dynamics, basic science, programming coding education, convergence education, data processing education, and cyber physical system education. Preferred mechanical engineering teaching methods include project-based learning, hands-on education, problem-based learning, team-based collaborative learning, experiment-based education, and software-assisted education. The mechanical engineering community and the government should be concerned about the education for mechanical engineers with the necessary competencies in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, which will make global competitiveness in the mechanical engineering fields.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 컴퓨터 기반의 인지편향수정 프로그램(Cognitive Bias Modification Program - Interpretation, CBM-I)을 이용하여 사회불안 경향이 있는 대학생들을 위한 해석편향 수정 프로그램을 개발하고, 이 프로그램이 사회불안증상 및 해석편향 변화에 미치는 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 40명의 사회불안 경향성자들을 긍정해석 훈련집단((n=21)과 비처치대기집단((n=19)에 배정하였고 치료 전후 해석 편향과 사회불안증상 수준(e.g. 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움 척도, 레보위츠 사회불안 척도)을 비교하였다. CBM-I 훈련은 참가자들이 긍정적인 방식으로 모호한 상황을 해석하면 긍정적 피드백을 제공하고, 부정적인 방식으로 해석하면 부정적 피드백을 제공하는 방식으로 진행되었으며, 긍정해석 훈련집단의 경우 3주간 3번의 회기에 참가하였다. 사후분석에서 긍정훈련 조건에 참가한 내담자들의 자기 보고식 사회불안 증상이 감소하였다(t=2.35, p<.05; t=4.70, p<.001). 이러한 결과는 다중회기로 실시된 해석 편향의 수정이 임상적으로 유용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.16-28
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• 2021

Introduction The Sasang Urination Defecation Inventory was developed to analyze Sasang-type specific pathophysiological clinical symptoms, and its revised Sasang Urination Inventory (SUI) illustrated its clinical usefulness in Sasang type differentiation. However, the correlation with established clinical measures for its concurrent validity were not provided yet. Methods Total of 48 healthy university students were recruited to response Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) of Western medicine along with the SUI of traditional Korean medicine. The correlation coefficients between UDI-6 and OABSS and SUI were acquired with Pearson's correlation, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Profile Analysis were used to analyze significant differences in SUI subscale profiles of each Sasang types. Results The SUI-HSS of urogenital hypersensitivity correlated positively with OABSS (r=0.442, p<0.01), and the SUI-DIS of urinary discomfort positively with UDI-6 (r=0.289, p<0.05). Interestingly, the SUI-total was correlated positively with age (r=0.326), height (r=0.318) and weight (r=0.304). The SUI-DIS for urinary discomfort of So-Yang (9.48±2.11) type was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of Tae-Eum (7.2±2.90) type. And SUI subscale profiles of each Sasang type were significantly (Wilks' Lambda=0.792, F=2.723, p=0.034) distinctive to each other. Discussion The acceptable convergent validity of SUI was shown using established measures of urogenital symptoms. The SUI might be used as an objective traditional Korean clinical measure for Sasang type differentiation and urological patients.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 도시유역에서의 실시간 홍수예경보 목적으로 shot noise process 기반의 강우-유출모형을 제안하였다. 제안된 모형은 각 소유역 별 첨두치, 감쇄상수 및 지체시간으로 결정되는 shot noise의 합으로 표현되며, 기존 강우-유출 모형과는 달리 각 소유역 별 유출량이 독립적으로 유역 출구에 도달하는 구조를 가지고 있다. 제안된 모형의 매개변수는 통상 경험식을 가지고 결정하는 소유역의 집중시간과 저류상수 및 관로에서의 도달시간과 저류상수를 이용하여 쉽게 결정될 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 제안된 모형은 중동 빗물펌프장 배수유역, 구로1 빗물펌프장 배수유역, 대림2 빗물펌프장 배수유역에서 관측된 총 3개의 호우사상에 적용하여 그 성능을 평가하였다. 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. (1) 본 연구에서 제안된 shot noise process 기반 단위 응답함수는 기존 단위 응답함수와 달리 강우 지속기간에 관계없이 동일한 모양을 갖는다. (2) 제안된 모형의 특성상 강우의 시간간격이 짧을수록 수렴된 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 따라서 도시유역의 특성을 감안할 때 1분이 가장 적절한 것으로 판단된다. (3) Shot noise process 기반 1분 단위 응답함수를 실제 호우사상에 적용하여 유출해석을 수행한 결과, 모의된 유출 수문곡선과 관측 값이 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 도시유역에서의 유출해석을 수행하는데 있어 제안된 유출모형이 충분한 적용성이 있다는 것을 보여준다.