• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

본 연구는 마우스의 성숙 난자와 수정란의 유리화 동결을 위한 CPS, 기존 straw 및 OPS 방법의 효과에 대하여 비교하였다. 마우스 난자의 유리화 동결-응해 후 형태학적인 생존율을 조사한 결과, CPS (75%)와 기존 straw(72%)법이 OPS(68%)법에 비해 유의적으로 높은 생존율을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 과배란 처리 후 채란한 2-세포기 마우스 수정란을 유리화 동결-응해하여 $3{\sim}5$일간 배양한 다음 수정란의 배 발달 상태를 비교한 결과, 동결하지 않은 대조군(56%)과 CPS법(48.6%)의 배반포 발달률이 기존 straw법(43.4%)과 OPS법(37.7%)보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). Morula 형성률도 비동결 대조군, CPS, 기존 straw, OPS 순으로 낮아졌다. 이러한 결과는 CPS에 의한 유리화 동결법이 기존 straw와 OPS에 비하여 높은 생존성과 안전한 보존성 유지에 유리하다고 본다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2001

To develop an effective vitrification method, we examined the use of a conventional straw as vessel fur vitrification of mouse oocytes, and to compare the post-thaw survival and chromosome configuration of these oocytes with those vitrified in grids. Intact cumulus-enclosed oocytes were vitrified with DPBS with 5.5 M ethylene glycol and 1.0 M sucrose, and loaded into straws and onto eletron microscopic copper grid fur storing in liquid nitrogen. Intact vitrified and thawed oocytes were karyotying for chromosome. The rates of post-thawed survival were 88.5% in vitrified oocytes with straws, and 83% in vitrified ooctyes with grids. Vitrified and thawed oocytes with straws and grids were increased chromosomal abnormality (31.4% and 30.9%) compared with fresh oocytes (17.8%). The conventional straws can be used as vessel for vitrification to prevent of inflection in liquid nitrogen.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 1974

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 우리나라에서 열대(熱帶)및 아열대(亞熱帶) 지방(地方)에서 재배(栽培)되고 있는 풀버섯[Volvariella volvacea(Bull. ex Fr.) Sing.]의 재배(栽培) 가능성(可能性)및 다수확방법(多收穫方法)을 구명(究明)코자 실시(實施)되었다. 1. 우리나라에 있어서 재배적기(栽培適期)는 6월말경(月末頃)부터 8월말(月末)의 2개월(個月) 내외(內外)의 기간(期間)이었다. 2. 볏짚은 5일간(日間) 수침(水浸)한 후 재배사내(栽培舍內)에서 정열(頂熱)($60^{\circ}C$. 6시간(時間))후(後) $55^{\circ}C$ 내외(內外)에서 6일간(日間) 후발효(後醱酵)한 것이 야외퇴적(野外堆積)한 후 후발효(後醱酵)시킨 것보다 증수(增收)되었다. 3. 5일간(日間) 수침(水浸)한 볏짚을 6일간(日間) 후발효(後醱酵)하여 배지(培地)를 만들고 종균접종(種菌接種) 7일(日) 후(後)에 양토(壤土)로서 복토(覆土)하였을 때 볏짚 100kg당 20.49kg으로 가장 높은 수량(收量)을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1999

No-till direct seeding cultivation of rice has major advantages such as saving of labor and cost by eliminating tillage, preparation of seed bed and trans-planting procedure compared to the conventional transplanting cultivation. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of straw treatment and nitrogen levels on the rice growth in no-till direct-seeding cultivation. Rice straw, vetch straw, and the mixture of both of the straws were mulched on the surface of soil before seeding while 4 levels of nitrogen fertilizer, 0, 7, 9, and 11 kkg/10a respectively, were applied at 3 split times, 3-weeks after sowing, 5-weeks after sowing and the panicle initiation stage. Mulching of vetch straw significantly reduced seedling establishment of rice which may be attributed to low oxidation-reduction potential of soil by vetch mulching treatment. Vetch straw increased the concentration of soil ammonium leading to an extension of the greenish leaf to panicle initiation stage. Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AD $E_{N}$) in heavy-mixed straw mulching plots was lower than other treatments. Grain yield and AU $E_{N}$ in the vetch treatment were less affected by fertilized N levels. Conclusively, it is suggested that heavy straw mulching was not efficient for rice seedling establishment and nitrogen usage.e.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.397-401
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• 2014

The boar sperm has more lipid droplets and specialty of seminal plasma compared with other species, causing difficulties of freezing sperm and decreases for the utilization of frozen semen into the artificial insemination. However, several studies reported significant results for the recovery of sperm motility and reproductive by addition of cryoprotectants and seminal plasma after thawing. This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation of trehalose or glycerol in the LEY (lactose and egg yolk in BTS) solution for the conventional freezing and vitrification process. Two boars aged 16 months were used to collect semen for 2 times in a week. The samples were allotted to 3 freezing solutions (LEY + glycerol 10.5% + OEP 1.5%, LEY + trehalose 1M + OEP 1.5%, and sucrose 1.5M + trehalose 1 M + OEP 1.5%) after centrifugation at 800 g for 10 minutes. Semen was equilibrated in freezing solutions for 10 minutes and injected into plastic straws with 2~3 air bubbles to minimize freezing damages. Vitrification was performed to locate sperm in 5 cm above $LN_2$ for 5 minutes, and the conventional freezing was conducted with an automatic freezer. Motility and survival rates were measured by CASA (Computer assisted sperm an alyzing system) and FITC (Fluorescein isothiocyanate), respectively after thawing semen at $50^{\circ}C$ for 12 seconds. The results were analyzed by ANOVA with STATVIEW statistical program. The vitrificatioin solution (LEY + 10.5% glycerol + 1.5% OEP) presented higher motility (20.9%) than other solutions while the solution (LEY + 1M trehalose + 1.5% OEP) showed the lowest (motility : 5.2%). However, survival rates of vitrified sperms detected by FITC showed 1~4% live sperms in almost of dead sperms at all vitrification solutions' groups, but survival rate of freezing solution of LEY + 1M trehalose + 1.5% OEP LEY and LEY + 10.5% glycerol + 1.5% OEP were showed 49%, and 79%, respectively. There were differences (P<0.05) survival rate of conventional freezing in LEY + 10.5% glycerol + 1.5% OEP and LEY + 1M trehalose + 1.5% OEP and the remaining showed no differences. The results suggested that vitrified boar semen was not enough to be utilized for the artificial insemination, but it showed possibility to utilize for ICSI and conventional freezing with glycerol would be useful method for artificial insemination in pig while we choose the outstanding semen against tolerance to freezing damages.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2008

The cryopreservation of Hanwoo embryos has become an integral part of assisted reproduction in animal. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the influence of bovine embryo developmental stage on in vitro embryo development after freezing, (2) to study the efficiency compared with conventional freezed embryos at different embryo source. For conventional slow-freezing, day 7 or 8 expanded blastocysts were collected. The standard freezing medium was 1.8 M ethylene glycol (EG). Embryos were equilibrated in 1.8 Methylene glycol(EG) with 0.1 M sucrose in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (D-PBS) supplemented with 0.5% bovine serum albumin. Embryos were then loaded individually into 0.25 ml-straw and placed directly into cooling chamber of programmable freezer precooled to $-7^{\circ}C$, after 2 min, the straw was seeded, maintained at $-7^{\circ}C$ for 8 min, and then cooled to $-35^{\circ}C$ at $0.3^{\circ}C$/min, plunged and stored in liquid nitrogen for at least 3 days. For thawing, the straw containing embryos were warmed in air for 10 see and exposed to $37^{\circ}C$ water for 20 sec. Straws were then removed from $37^{\circ}C$ water. Rates of blastocyst survive and hatched were evaluated at 12 to 48h post-warming. The re-expansion and hatched rates of morula embryos were significantly lower than those obtained for blastocysts and expansion blastocysts (31.6%, 10.5% vs, 68.9%, 22.2% vs, 73.7%, 53.6%, respectively). No differences in re-expansion rates were found between in vivo and in vitro blastocysts. whereas hatched rates was significantly higher (51.2%) in vivo compared with in vitro embryos (18.6%). in conclusion, demonstrate that conventional freezing can be used successfully in cryopreservation of in vitro and in vivo bovine embryos, and that it might be considered for use in commercial programs and embryo preservation.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.145-153
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vitrification solution and developmental stage on the survival rate of vitrified-thawed human blastocyst embryos. Human blastocyst embryos were cryopreserved by vitrification using EFS and GE solution, and their survival rates were examined after thawing and further culture. EFS solution was consisted of 40% ethylene glycol, 18% Ficoll 70 and 0.3M sucrose. GE solution was consisted of 25% glycerol and 25% ethylene glycol. Embryos were exposed to EFS and GE solution by 2 steps and 3 steps, respectively, and plunged into liquid nitrogen after loading into 0.25ml plastic straws. Blastocysts were classified into 4 groups in accordance with their developmental stage: into 1) EEB, 2) MEB and 3) EdB, of blastocysts developed on day 5, and 4) 6d-Bla(the blastocysts which formed on day 6). The blastocysts at each stage were vitrified by GE solution and cryopreserved in LN2. After thawing them, we examined their survival rates, respectively. The resulted of this study were as follows: 1. The survival rate of blastocysts vitrified by GE solution was 64.4%, significantly higher than that (5.7%) vitrified by EFS solution (P<0.001). 2. When the blastocysts were vitrified by GE solution according to each developmental stage, the survival rates of EEB, MEB, EdB and 6d-Bla were 65.9%, 65.9%, 73.2% and 58.1%, respectively. In conclusion, the cryopreservation of human blastocysts by vitrification is likely to have a marked advantage in terms of cost, work and time as compared to the conventional slow freezing in IVF-ET programs.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

Real time and robust algorithm to extract the features of watermelon was developed from the remotely transmitted image of the watermelon. Features of the watermelon at the cultivation site such as size and shape including position are crucial to the successful tole-robotic operation and development of the cultivation data base. Algorithm was developed based on the concept of task sharing between the computer and the operator utilizing man-computer interface. Task sharing was performed based on the functional characteristics of human and computer. Identifying watermelon from the image transmitted from the cultivation site is very difficult because of the variable light condition and the complex image contents such as soil, mulching vinyl, straws on the ground, irregular leaves and stems. Utilizing operator's teaching through the touch screen mounted on the image monitor, the complex time consuming image processing process and instability of processing results in the watermelon identification has been avoided. Color and brightness characteristics were analyzed from the image area specified by the operator's teaching. Watermelon segmentation was performed using the brightness and color distribution of the specified imae processing area. Modified general Hough transform was developed to extract the shape, major and minor axes, and the position, of the watermelon. It took less than 100 msec of the image processing time, and was a lot faster than conventional approach. The proposed method showed the robustness and practicability in identifying watermelon from the wireless transmitted color image of the cultivation site.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2013

본 연구는 버섯재배부산물, 재활용가금깔개, 미강 및 straw로 구성되는 BF 사일리지 급여가 육성 거세한우의 행동양상에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험에 사용한 공시 한우는 11개월령 총 10두(평균 301.7 kg)를 2처리로 배치하였으며, 이 때 대조구(볏짚 자유채식)와 처리구(BF silage 자유채식)로 하여 48시간 행동관찰을 실시하였다. 대조구와 비교해서 BF 사일리지 급여구는 총 DM 섭취량과 NDF 섭취량이 각각 30% 및 36% 높았고, 채식시간, 반추시간 및 저작시간은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 식괴수, 식괴당 반추시간에 있어서도 유의적 차이가 없었고, 식괴당 저작수와 FVI는 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한 대조구와 비교해서 BF 사일리지 급여구는 배뇨 회수가 높고(p<0.05), 음수 및 배분 회수에 있어서는 상호간에 차이가 없었고, 채식율, 반추효율 및 저작효율에 있어서는 더 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 볼 때, BF 사일리지 급여는 볏짚과 비교 시 육성거세한우의 반추행동 상 큰 차이가 없다는 결과로 미루어 볼 때 차후 볏짚 대용으로 활용하여도 좋을 것으로 사료되었다. 즉 입자도가 큰 straw를 peNDF를 충족시키는 최소량을 혼합하여 부산물사료 사일리지를 제조, 급여하였을 때 육성거세한우의 반추행동은 볏짚 급여 시와 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.797-804
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 동결 보호제 EG l에 sucrose 첨가 농도에 따른 생존성의 실험의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1.5 M EG와 1.8 M EG 만을 이용하여 동결융해 후 생존서의 조사한 결과 71.1%와 70.2%로 각각 나타났다. 총세포수에 있어서도 127±1.3개와 124±1.6개로 생존율과 총세포수에 있어서도 두 그룹간에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 1.5 M EG와 1.8 M EG에 0.1 M sucrose를 각각 첨가한 후 동결 보존하여 융해 하였을 때 생존율과 총세포수 조사 결과는 1.5 M EG에 0.1 M sucrose 처리구가 73.6% 그리고 1.8 M EG 에 0.1 M sucrose 첨가군은 76.9%의 결과를 보였으며 총세포수 에 있어서도 118±1.2 와 112±1.2 개의 결과를 보여 생존성과 총세포수에 있어서도 두 처리군 모두 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 1.5 M EG 처리구에서 총세포수는 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 1.5 M EG 와 1.8 M EG에 0.3 M sucrose를 첨가하여 각각 생존성과 총세포수 조사 결과는 70.8%와 88.7%의 생존율을 나타내어 1.8 M EG 에 0.3 M sucrose 처리구가 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높은 결과를 보였다. 따라서 소 체외수정란을 conventional slow-freezing 방법으로 동결 보존할 경우는 1.8 M EG 동결보호제에 0.3 M sucrose를 병행하여 사용하는 방법이 수정란을 최상의 상태로 유지할 수가 있어 수정란이식에 적용할 경우 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.