• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 2012

This paper focuses on identifying which appliance is currently operating by analyzing electrical load signature for home energy monitoring system. The identification framework is comprised of three steps. Firstly, specific appliance features, or signatures, were chosen, which are DC (Duty Cycle), SO (Slope of On-state), VO (Variance of On-state), and ZC (Zero Crossing) by reviewing observations of appliances from 13 houses for 3 days. Five appliances of electrical rice cooker, kimchi-refrigerator, PC, refrigerator, and TV were chosen for the identification with high penetration rate and total operation-time in Korea. Secondly, K-NN and Naive Bayesian classifiers, which are commonly used in many applications, are employed to estimate from which appliance the signatures are obtained. Lastly, one of candidates is selected as final identification result by majority voting. The proposed identification frame showed identification success rate of 94.23%.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 1999

Nutrient balance during rice cultivation in the paddy of a local area under the environmental protection for drinking water supply was investigated. To compare nutrient balance in the paddy soil applied with different types of fertilization, 7 treatments were selected as followings : Recommended level of chemical fertilizers(R), Conventional fertilization(CF), Fresh cow manure(FCM), Cow manure compost(CMC), Straw compost+reduced chemical fertilizer(SCF), Fresh straw+recommended level of fertilizers(FSC), and no fertilization as control(C). Here, FCM, CMC and SCF were applied at the same level of total nitrogen as recommended in R. Rice yield was the highest in the recommendation(R) and fresh cow manure (FCM) treatments with $6,730kg\;ha^{-1}$(index 100), and followed by SCF (index 98), FSC (index 98), CMC(index 94), and CF(index 94). But statistically significant difference was not recognized among treatments except the control. Nitrogen infiltration loss was high in the simple chemical fertilizer treatments with $63kg\;ha^{-1}$ in CF and $58kg\;ha^{-1}$ in R during rice cultivation, respectively. Nitrogen infiltration loss was decreased below half level of chemical fertilizer treatments with cow manure treatments ($23kg\;ha^{-1}$ in FCM and $27kg\;ha^{-1}$ in CMC) and with reducing chemical fertilizer treatment by adding straw compost ($25kg\;ha^{-1}$). Phosphate was not leached during rice cultivation in paddy soil of a fluvial deposit type, in which oxidation horizon was developed broadly under around 15 cm depth of surface soil. Phosphate balance (A-B) was closed to 0 in all treatments except cow manure treatment (CMC), in which it was $+30kg\;ha^{-1}$ and show the possibility of over accumulation of phosphate by continuously replicated application of cow manure compost. Potassium balance was negative value in all but straw recycling treatment (FSC). It means that potassium was continuously supplied from soil minerals, uptaken by plants or eluted out of soil. In conclusion, by substituting inorganic fertilizer for organic fertilizer or reducing application rate of chemical fertilizer through mixing organic fertilizer, it would be possible to achieve the same rice yield as in the recommendation treatment and to decrease nutrient leaching below half level in rice paddy soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.744-748
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (SSH) cultivation over the past three years from 2009 to 2011. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by rates of additional nitrogen fertilizer ($100kg\;ha^{-1}$) and decreased percentage of 30 50 70 100 fertilization in addition to non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties, growth and yield potential were examined. The results were as follows. The testing soil was showed strong alkaline saline soil with low organic matter contents and less available phosphate while exchangeable sodium and magnesium were higher. Soil salinity was increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, SSH was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was $18,345kg\;ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen at incorporation time was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8. Fresh and dry matter yield of SSH were higher in the order of 30%, CF, N50%, N70%d, N100%, and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield of SSH increased in the order of CF ($55,050kg\;ha^{-1}$, $16,250kg\;ha^{-1}$), N contents from 30% to 9%. Soil physical properties, such as bulk density were decrease with incoporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. Soil chemical properties, such as pH was decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter were increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium were decreased with incorporation of GMC than those before experiment. Thus, we assumed that incorporation of hairy vetch was more effective that can lead to reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer and to improve soil environment in cultivating SSH on Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2022

More than 74% of forage crops in Korea are cultivated in winter rice fields. Italian ryegrass (IRG) can be said to be a representative forage crop, but over 70% of its seeds are dependent on imports. In addition, there are concerns that the stable supply of research fees may be disrupted due to the effects of climate change, war, and other factors. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a large production area for stable supply. Korea's reclaimed land area is 135,000 ha and its agricultural area is 112,000 ha. Therefore, this study attempted to apply IRG to the domestic IRG seed industry through stable cultivation techniques on reclaimed land. In this study, IRG 'Kowiearly' varsity was cultivated in late October 2020 and early October 2021 in the Saemangeum reclaimed land. The seeding methods were conventional drill sowing seeding, new technology spot seedling (30 × 18 cm) and new technology drill sowing seeding. The amount of sowing was conventional drill sowing seeding 2.0(kg/10a), new technology spot seedling 1.5(kg/10a), and new technology drill sowing seeding 1.5(kg/10a). Fertilizer application amount is conventional drill sowing seeding(N-P₂O₅-K₂O) 9.0-12-12(kg/10a), and new technology spot seedling and drill sowing seeding were(N-P₂O₅-K₂O) 4.5-12-12(kg/10a) respectively. Fertilizer was applied accordingly. After that, in February, the conventional drill sowing seeding, new technology drill sowing seeding and spot seedling applied 4.0 and 2.2(kg/10a) of nitrogen supplement fertilizer, respectively. Before wintering, plant length was higher in 2022 than in 2021, but leaf number was higher in 2021. Heading time was April 30, 2021 and April 25, 2022. In heading time, plant length was 74 cm in 2021 and 67 cm in 2022, lower than in 2021. On the other hand, There was no difference in the number of panicle and the number of seeds in the 2021 harvester in all treatment plots, and, thus seed yield was no differ. However, the drill sowing seeding and spot seedling of the new technology were somewhat higher than the conventional drill sowing seeding. On the other hand, seed yield was decreased in all treatment plots compared to 2022 because of raifall deficiency in 2021.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.3A
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• pp.157-162
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new intra mode coding method using the candidate mode table. In the conventional HEVC, if the predicted most probable mode (MPM) is not same with the current prediction mode, the current prediction mode is encoded using the fixed length code (FLC). However, since a large number of modes are used in HEVC, the codeword length of FLC gets longer. In this paper, we generate the candidate mode table from neighboring blocks and encode the obtained intra mode index using Golomb-Rice code instead of FLC, when the predicted MPM is not identical to the current mode. From the experiment, we verified that the proposed method reduces the BD-rate by 0.5% on average, compared to the HEVC intra mode coding method.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.215-225
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• 2006

This study was peformed to evaluate the served menu and investigate the management of food service in Korean Buddhist temples. Among the available temples in the nation, 34 temples were carefully selected considering practice type, location and the gender characteristics. A survey about meal preparation and management was conducted to the cooking staff in each the temple using questionnaire by interview between Jan 2004 and Aug 2004. The menus over A five consecutive days menu was were also collected for analysis to analyse. Civilian cooking staffs were preparing meals in 23(67.6%) of the temples and the proportion 18(52.9%) of the temples were planning their own the menus was 52.9%. Most kitchens in the temples were equipped with modernized kitchen appliances. The major food supply was the conventional market Even though the majority of the temples were using processed food, Korean fermented sauces as the most traditional temple food products were prepared by themselves. There were 114 menu patterns and the most frequently served meal pattern was ${\ulcorner}Rice+Soup+Kimchi+3{\sim}4\;side\;dishes{\lrcorner}$. Analyzing from the cultural characteristics point of view, the most frequently served dish type was 'Korean'(90%), while other types were 'modified Korean'(3.7%) and 'Western'(2.7%). The varieties of Various 438 different dishes provided were 438 provided and with Kimchies (19.8%), Seasoned vegetables(16.8%) and Rice(11.0%) being the highest were high in frequency when dishes were categorized into dish classes. Among the main dishes, the frequency of gruel(13.7%) was relatively high. These results suggest the need to conduct Based upon the results found, it was required to continue further research about preserving and inheriting the originality and uniqueness of the temple food.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2009

Analytical method for prochloraz in cabbage, apple, pepper, mandarin, and hulled rice was established by conversion it to 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP). Crop samples were extracted with acetonitrile, and partitioned with dichloromethane. The sample extracts were hydrolyzed with pyridine hydrochloride in a vial by heating for 1 hour, and analyzed with GC-ECD after partitioning with dichloromethane. Method quantification limit (MQL) of prochloraz was 0.01 mg/kg. Recoveries at 0.1 mg/kg level was 105-113% while at 0.5 mg/kg level was 82-87%. In both of the cases CV was less than 10%. Through this procedure soxhlet extraction and refluxing apparatus of conventional method were discarded and simple solvent extraction and small vial were successfully employed, resulting in simple, rapid, economic and more precise method.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1468-1475
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• 2010

Sulfate reduction rates (SRR) using $^{35}SO_4^{-2}$, sulfide producing rates (SPR) using gas chromatography, the number of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) using the most probable number (MPN) method, and soil components (moisture, ammonium, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, total carbon, total inorganic phosphorus, total phosphorus, and sulfate) using standard methods in the organic/conventional rice paddy soils, cleaned/polluted reservoir soils, and cleaned/polluted foreshore soils were studied with the change of seasons. The average SRR was more related to the number of SRB and soil components (especially nitrogen and phosphorus) than sulfate concentration. SRR was also recorded to be highest in October soil samples. However, SPR was higher in foreshore soils containing a high concentration sulfate than in fresh water soils, and it was also recorded to be higher in the polluted areas than in clean areas. From these results, we can conclude that the SRR and SPR of anaerobic environments were affected by the number of SRB, soil components and temperature.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.225.2-262
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• 1995

Ochratoxin A was produced from Aspergillus ochraceus ATCC 18472 which was then orally administered into the experimental mice to study the toxic levels of ochratoxin A. AELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method which is more rapid and safe than conventional analytical method, was developed by using ochratoxin A antibody. This method was successfully used to measure the levels of ochratoxin Ain blood, liver and kidney of mice. In order to produce a large amount of ochratoxin A to study toxicity in the mice, Aspergillus ochraceus ATCC 18412 was incubated in the rice medium and as a result 0.5 g of ochratoxin A form rice medium (kg) was produced after extraction and purification Feed consumption and gain in body weight of mice with ochratoxin A at a level of $10 \mu\textrm{g}/g$ body weight was significantly (p<0.05) reduced as compared with control during period of 3 weeks. Ochratoxin A-BSA conjugate was made by putting 13 mole of ochratoxin A on I mole of BSA. This conjugate was used to develop ELISA method. The minmum detection level of ochratoxin A by established ELISA method was 0.5 ppb. After oral adminstraton of ochratoxin A dose of $10\;\mu\textrm{g}/g$ every two day for 3 weeks, concentration of ochratoxin A was measured in the blood, liver and kidney by ELISA method. The level of ochratoxin A was $11\;\mu\textrm{g}/dl,\;0.9 \mu\textrm{g}/g\;and\;3.7\;\mu\textrm{g}/g$ in the blood, liver and kidney, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.78-89
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• 1994

To evaluate of quality of Yakju brewed with different types of fermenters(Nuruk) and brewed by a method described in Sallymkyungjae, blucoamylase and protease and protease activities of Nuruk were measured, and proximate composition , coloring degree, acetaldehyde , alcohol , , fusel oils , amino acid content , mineral content and sugar composition of Yakju samples were also determined. It was foung that the lower the pH, the lower the glucoamylase acitvity in Nuruk samples A to E . In A, B, D and H, protease activity washigher at ph 5.5 than at pH 5.0 . Yakju sampels 1 to 5 during fermentation , total acidity and amino acid content were high at the first step and were getting lower gradually at the second step. In Yakju samples 6 to 11 , ethanol content was high in 6b, 7b, 8a, 8b and 11b. At the second step, residual sugar content was getting higher gradually in 7 a, 11 a and 11b. The coloring degree of Yakju wasinfluenced by not only color of Nuruk but also Fe content in Yakju . Of the Yakju examined , only 9a and 9b contained acetaldehyde in trace amounts. Thanol content was the highest in 8a and 8b. Fusel oil content was high in 8a and 8b. In samples 6 to 9 , aspartic acid content was higher in treatment a than treatment a than treatment b, but tyrosine , histidine and proline contents were higher in treatment a than treatment b. The levels of frucose, melibiose, sorbitol, and arabinose in Yakju brewed from unsteamed rice were higher than in Yakju brewed from steamed rice. K content was the lowest in 9a and 9b. Na content was higher in treatment a than in treatment a than in treatment b. In only 6a, Ca/P ratio was more than one.