• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2004

This study was carried out to develop a miller to produce white embryo rice with functional nutrients by improving the conventional vertical miller. The effects of rice moisture content and the shaft revolution speed of the miller on germ(embryo) adherence rate, whiteness, broken rice rate, and cracked rice rate were investigated. Also, the effect of the mesh size of emery stones on the germ adherence rate was investigated. The vertical prototype miller was improved with the increasement of about 42% in producing white embryo rice at proper conditions(shaft revolution speed of 900 rpm, emery stones of mesh ＃50, processing capacity of 2.3t/h, zero outlet resistance, rice moisture content of 16.2%). The results were as follows: 1. The germ adherence rate of white rice was significantly influenced by the moisture content of brown rice. The germ adherence rate of white rice decreased rapidly with the increase of the moisture content of brown rice. When brown rice with moisture content of 13.2%, 14.5%, 15.2%, 15.4% was milled by the prototype with emery stones of mesh ＃35 and shaft speed of 900(1,100) rpm, rpm adherence rate of milled rice was 76.2%(70%), 69.2%(66%), 45.9(38%), 13.0(9%), respectively. 2. The whiteness of white rice milled by the prototype with emery stones of mesh ＃35 and shaft speed of 1,100(900)rpm increased from 27(23) to about 40, respectively, as the moisture content of brown rice increased from 13.2% to 17.2%. 3. The rate of broken rice of white rice milled at 900rpm decreased by 0.6∼1.0% compared with that at 1,100rpm when the moisture content of brown rice was less than 15.2%. 4. The germ adherence rate was increased by 10.3% and 11.0%, respectively when brown rice with moisture content of 16.2% and 15.5% was milled by the prototype miller with shaft speed of 900rpm and emery stones of mesh ＃50 instead of mesh ＃35. 5. Considering the germ adherence rate, broken rice rate, and whiteness of milled rice, the proper milling conditions of the prototype miller for producing embryo rice were the moisture content of about 15%, the processing capacity of 2.3t/h and minimum outlet resistance of 0Nㆍm with shaft speed of 900rpm and emery stones of mesh ＃50.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2011

Plants expressing Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) are known to be resistant to glyphosate, a potent herbicide that inhibits the activity of the endogenous plant EPSPS. In order to develop herbicide-resistant rice, we prepared transgenic rice plants with CP4 EPSPS gene under the control of CaMV 35S promoter for over-expression. A recombinant plasmid was transformed into rice via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A large number of transgenic rice plants were obtained with glyphosate and most of the transformants showed fertile. The integration and expression of CP4 EPSPS gene from regenerated plants was analyzed by Southern and northern blot analysis. The transgenic rice plants had CP4 EPSPS enzyme activity levels more than 15-fold higher than the wild-type plants. EPSPS enzyme activity of transgenic rice plants was also identified by strip-test method. Field trial of transgenic rice plants further confirmed that they can be selectively survived at 100% by spay of glyphosate (Roundup$^{(R)}$) at a regular dose used for conventional rice weed control.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1998

This study was conducted to analyze arthropod community patterns in smallrice fields managed by different cultural methods [Conventional and Low Input Sustainable Agriculture(LISA)] in Suwon in 1995 and 1996. A half of nitrogen fertilizers and a quarter of pesticides were applied in the LISA field compared to in the conventional field. Total 15 orders and 43 families of arthropods were collected in two years. No differences were found in arthropod abundance and arthropod species composition between two differently practiced fields. The arthropod community was analyzed using guild categories. The arthropods were found in the order of 'pest(phytophag)>natural enemy>non-pest' in their densities. The pest species were mainly Homoptera and dominated by Delphacidae (Nilaparvata lugens Stal and Sogatella furcifera Horvath). They constituted > 80% of pest abundance. The spider was the most dominant group in the natural enemy and constituted > 90% of natural enemy abundance. Hunting spiders constituted > 60% of spider abundance and were dominated by Pirata subpiraticus Bos. et Str.(Lycosidae). Pachygnatha clerki Sundevall(Tetragnathidae), Gnathonarium dentatum Weider and Ummeliata angulituberis Oi(Erigonidae) were the dominant species in webbing spiders.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2005

본 시험은 영남지역 과채류 등의 시설재배지 후작으로 벼 재배시 합리적인 시비법에 대한 체계를 확립하여 농자재 절감, 각종 재해 방지 및 수질오염 방지 등을 통한 환경 농업의 기초자료 얻고자 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 시험 후 토양의 화학적 특성은 시험전 토양에 비하여 pH, 유효인산, 치환성 칼리는 감소하였으나 유기물은 큰 차이가 없는 경향이었고 EC로부터 산출한 제염의 정도인 제염률은 기비생략구가 높은 경향이었다. 주요시기별 토양 중 $NH_4-N$의 변화는 '98년보다 '99년도가 다소 높은 경향이었다. 시비량이 많을수록 높았다. 주요시기별 초장과 경수의 변화도 토양 $NH_4-N$과 동일한 경향이었다. 수확기 벼 식물체의 T-N은 '98년도에 일정한 경향이 없었고, '99년도에는 시비량이 많을수록 높은 경향이었다. 수량 및 수량구성요소는 '99년에 천립중이 높았고 수당립수도 많은 경향이었다. 수량은 '98년엔 처리간 차이가 없었다. '99년도에는 관행구에서 높은 경향이었다. 시비 질소 이용률은 '98년에는 기비 생략구에서 높았고 '99년도는 관행구에서 높은 경향이었다. 따라서 당해연도에 시설원예작물이 재배된 경우에 후작으로 벼 재배시 기비생략 등의 감비재배법이 비료절감, 수질오염 경감, 안정적 수량 확보 등의 이점이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 벼 재배 2년차부터는 관행시비가 가능할 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2002

덕평통에서 화봉벼를 재배하여 암거배수시 토양 및 식물체 무기성분, 벼의 도복 관련형질과 수량을 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시험전 토양의 화학성은 암거구가 무암거구보다 유기물, 유효인산, 치환성 칼리 등의 함량이 다소 많았으며 벼 재배기간 동안의 평균 감수심은 암거배수구에서 $15.28mm\;day^{-1}$, 무암거구에서 $7.90mm\;day^{-1}$을 보였으며 시험후 물리성은 토심 20cm 이하에서는 암거구에서 가비중이 낮았고 공극률은 증가하는 경향이었다. 시험후 pH는 표토에서는 암거구가 높았으나 심토에서는 무암거구가 높았고 O.M은 표토, 심토 모두 무암거구가 높았다. Av. $P_2O_5$는 표토에서는 무암거구와 암거구가 비슷하였으나 심토에서는 암거구가 높은 경향이었고 치환성 칼리는 pH와 유사한 경향을 나타내었고 토양 중 $NH_4{^+}-N$은 초기에는 차이가 없었으나 유수형성기 이후에는 암거구가 높았다. 주요 시기별 벼 생육은 분얼기에는 차이가 없었으나 유수형성기 이후에는 무암거구 보다 암거구가 초장, 경수 엽색도 및 건물중이 높은 경향이었고 시비조건간에는 관행과 완효성비료와 비슷한 경향이었고 주요 시기별 식물체 무기성분중 전질소는 전 생육기간 동안 암거구가 높았고 $K_2O$의 함량은 분얼기에는 차이가 없었으나 유수형성기 이후에는 암거구가 높았고 CaO는 큰 차이가 없었으나 출수후 벼 뿌리의 T-N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$ 등의 함량이 암거구가 무암거구보다 높았다. 벼의 도복 관련 형질중에서 중심고가 암거구가 무암거구보다 높았고 2, 3절간이 더 신장하였으나 Pulling force는 암거구가 무암거구보다 높게 나타났다. 수량은 암거구의 도복으로 무암거보다 적었으나 암거 무비구의 수량은 무암거 무비구 보다 높아 논토양에서 암거배수시 감비재배를 시사하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1985

취반(炊飯) 중의 가열반응(加熱反應)에 의하여 일어나는 주요 쌀성분(成分)의 화학적(化學的) 변화(變化) 및 휘발성(揮發性) carbonyl 화합물(化合物)의 생성(生成) 양상(樣相)을 쌀밥 및 누른밥으로 나누어 살펴 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 취반에 의한 가열반응(加熱反應) 결과 총(總)아미노산 및 유리아미노산 중의 몇 가지 아미노산이 감소되었으며 그 감소율은 유리아미노산에서 더 높았고, 환원당 역시 감소되었다. 또한 유지획분에 있어서 구성지방산 조성(組成)의 경미한 변화, 요오드가(價)의 감소, 지방산(價)의 증가 등을 주목할 수 있었다. 한편 휘발성향기성분에서 carbonyl 화합물을 분리하여 GC, GC-MS, TLC 방법에 따라 잠정적으로 8개의 carbonyls을 확인하였고(4개는 완전히 동정(同定)함) 이들의 조성을 비교하였다. 전반적으로 쌀밥보다는 누른밥에서 이와 같은 화학적 변화가 심하였고 쌀밥과 누른밥의 주요 휘발성 carbonyl 화합물 조성도 상이(相異)하였다. 그리고 이러한 취반과정에서는 변화와 관련되는 가열반응(加熱反應) mechanism을 아울러 검토하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2003

In spite of potential benefits of anther culture, low productivity of plant regeneration in some genotypes; e.g. tonsil and indica rice, is one of the major obstacles for practical use of anther culture. This study was conducted to improve cold shock method and carbohydrate source for increasing the efficiency of anther culture in rice. The most common carbon source, sucrose was replaced to maltose, which has two molecules of glucose. Maltose increased callus induction 1.4-to 1.8-fold higher in japonica rice, 3.2-to 11.6-fold in tongil types and 2.7-fold in indica rice IR50. Callus induction was increased from 0.2％ to 12.5％ in maltose medium compared to the medium supplemented with sucrose plus glucose in indica rice "Tetep". A simple procedure of vacuum packaging of panicles during cold shock treatment prolonged not only anther viability more than 15 days but also increased callus induction more than 2-fold compared to open-air storage (conventional method). Combining of above two methods, callus induction was increased 28 to 56％ in japonica, 13 to 33％ in tonsil type and 12 to 31％ in indica rice. Plant regeneration was increased 14 to 35％ in japonica, 10 to 20％ in tonsil and 4 to 15％ in indica rice, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2014

본 연구는 국내에서 개발된 토코페롤 합성 TC 유전자가 형질전환 된 GM 벼와 그 모본인 흑남벼 및 일반벼 품종인 일미벼, 동진벼 현미의 일반성분, 무기질 및 아미노산 함량을 분석하여 조성 차이가 있는지를 비교하였다. 모본벼인 흑남벼와 비교하여 GM 벼 현미의 일반성분 조성 중 수분 함량과 조회분 및 단백질이 다소 높았지만 기존에 보고된 일반품종 벼 현미의 성분함량 범위 안에 포함되었다. 또한 GM 벼 현미에 포함된 아미노산 함량과 무기질 함량은 전반적으로 모본벼과 유의적 차이가 없었다. 따라서 본 실험에 사용된 GM 벼는 유전자 형질전환에 의한 비의도적 영양성분 변화는 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) can acquire images with lower cost than conventional manned aircraft and commercial satellites. It has the advantage of acquiring high-resolution aerial images covering in the field area more than 50 ha. The purposes of this study is to develop the rice grain yield distribution using UAV. In order to develop a technology for estimating the rice yield using UAV images, time series UAV aerial images were taken at the paddy fields and the data were compared with the rice yield of the harvesting area for two rice varieties(Singdongjin, Dongjinchal). Correlations between the vegetation indices and rice yield were ranged from 0.8 to 0.95 in booting period. Accordingly, rice yield was estimated using UAV-derived vegetation indices($R^2=0.70$ in Sindongjin, $R^2=0.92$ in Donjinchal). It means that the rice yield estimation using UAV imagery can provide less cost and higher accuracy than other methods using combine with yield monitoring system and satellite imagery. In the future, it will be necessary to study a variety of information convergence and integration systems such as image, weather, and soil for efficient use of these information, along with research on preparing management practice work standards such as pest control and nutrient use based on UAV image information.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.741-748
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of total mixed rations (TMR) containing rice grain in an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Three types of grains (corn, wheat, and rice), timothy, and soybean meal (SBM) were used to prepare the experimental TMR: Corn TMR, Wheat TMR, and Rice TMR. The rumen fermentation characteristics of all the experimental TMRs were evaluated by an in vitro anaerobic system using rumen fluid for 24 and 48 h. The digestibility of the nutrients (dry matter [DM], crude protein [CP], and neutral detergent fiber [NDF]), pH, ammonia ($NH_3-N$), and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined. Rice TMR showed a higher DM digestibility than that of the Corn TMR at 48 h (p < 0.05). In all treatments, the CP digestibility was more than 80% at 48 h, but no significant differences were observed among the treatments. The NDF digestibility tended to be the lowest in the Wheat TMR (p = 0.06), and the pH tended to be the lowest in the Rice TMR (p = 0.09) among the treatments for the 48 h incubation. The Wheat TMR had the highest $NH_3-N$ concentration among the treatments (p < 0.01). Rice TMR had a lowest total VFA concentration among the treatments (p = 0.05) at 24 h, but no significant differences were observed at 48 h. Based on this in vitro result, it was considered that a rice grain has the potential to replace conventional grain ingredients when the TMR was formulated.