• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.921-938
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• 2015

Realistic prediction of concrete creep is of crucial importance for durability and long-term serviceability of concrete structures. To date, research about the behaviour of self-compacting concrete (SCC) members, especially concerning the long-term performance, is rather limited. SCC is quite different from conventional concrete (CC) in mixture proportions and applied materials, particularly in the presence of aggregate which is limited. Hence, the realistic prediction of creep strains in SCC is an important requirement for the design process of this type of concrete structures. This study reviews the accuracy of the conventional concrete (CC) creep prediction models proposed by the international codes of practice, including: CEB-FIP (1990), ACI 209R (1997), Eurocode 2 (2001), JSCE (2002), AASHTO (2004), AASHTO (2007), AS 3600 (2009). Also, SCC creep prediction models proposed by Poppe and De Schutter (2005), Larson (2007) and Cordoba (2007) are reviewed. Further, new creep prediction model based on the comprehensive analysis on both of the available models i.e. the CC and the SCC is proposed. The predicted creep strains are compared with the actual measured creep strains in 55 mixtures of SCC and 16 mixtures of CC.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

Recently, unexpected cracks in the concrete deck slab of composite steel bridges have been widely reported at an early age of concrete placing due to the concrete placing sequence and methods. Accordingly, the analytical research was carried out to verify the negative moment at an internal supports due to the several concrete pouring sequence and to determine the reasonable concrete placing method on the deck slab of composite steel bridge. The results show that the conventional concrete-placing method, which pours concrete first on the positive moment regions and then negative regions, leads to the minimum moment at an internal supports. However, the conventional method produces two impractical construction joints on every spans and makes field engineer to pour concrete continuously. In conclusion, this concrete-placing method was verified to be reasonable only when the construction joint was placed at the $\frac{5}{8}l{\sim}\frac{6}{8}l$ location of the middle span.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2007

Coal combustion by-product (CCB) bottom ash, obtained from burning of pulverized coal, has physical properties which are similar to that of natural sand with particle sizes ranging from fine gravel to fine sand. Several studies have been completed to utilize pulverized coal combustion (PCC) bottom ash as a partial or full replacement of fine aggregate in cement concrete products. The objectives of this study were to develop air-entrained concrete composites using PCC bottom ash from burning of Illinois coal and to demonstrate the use of these composites on real-world projects. The results obtained show that the compressive, splitting-tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete composites is slightly lower than that of conventional concrete are early curing ages. However, after 60 days of curing, the strength of concrete composites is either equal to or slightly higher than that of an equivalent conventional concrete. The concrete composites showed lower resistance to chloride ion penetrability than that of an equivalent conventional concrete at early curing ages. However, after 28 days of curing, concrete composites showed better resistance to chloride ion penetrability compared to that of an equivalent conventional concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.551-556
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• 2002

High-performance concrete is defined as concrete that meets special combinations of performance and uniformity requirements that cannot always be achieved routinely using conventional constituents and normal mixing, placing, and curing practices. Ever since the term high-performance concrete was introduced into the industry, it had widely used in large-scale concrete construction that demands high-strength, high-flowability, and high-durability. To obtain such performances that cannot be obtained from conventional concrete and by the current method, a large number of trial mixes are required to select the desired combination of materials that meets special performance. In this paper, therefore, using genetic algorithm which is a global optimization technique modeled on biological evolutionary process-natural selection and natural genetics-and can be used to find a near optimal solution to a problem that may have many solutions, the new design method for high-performance concrete mixtures is suggested to reduce the number of trial mixtures with desired properties in the field test. Experimental and analytic investigations were carried out to develop the design method for high-performance concrete mixtures and to verify the proposed mix design.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-38
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• 2009

The present paper provides test data to evaluate the seismic performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) filled steel square hollow section (SHS) beam-columns. Fifteen specimens, including 12 RAC filled steel tubular (RACFST) columns and 3 reference conventional concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns, were tested under reversed cyclic flexural loading while subjected to constant axially compressive load. The test parameters include: (1) axial load level (n), from 0.05 to 0.47; and (2) recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio (r), from 0 to 50%. It was found that, generally, the seismic performance of RACFST columns was similar to that of the reference conventional CFST columns, and RACFST columns exhibited high levels of bearing capacity and ductility. Comparisons are made with predicted RACFST beam-column bearing capacities and flexural stiffness using current design codes. A theoretical model for conventional CFST beam-columns is employed in this paper for square RACFST beam-columns. The predicted load versus deformation hysteretic curves are found to exhibit satisfactory agreement with test results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.497-502
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• 2000

This study was performed to change the latex content for properties of freezing-thawing resistance. When styrene-butadiene latex is added to portland cement, aggregate and water, a concrete with the color, consistency and workability of ordinary conventional concrete results, but with 20% to 35% less water. When cured, the concrete consists of hydrated cement and aggregate interconnected by a film of latex particles. In general, increasing the amount of latex will produce concrete with increased tensile and flexural strength and lower modulus of elasticity. Air entrainment has been used in conventional concrete for the past 50 years to impart freeze-thaw resistance. Latex modified concrete does not need additional air entrainment for freeze-thaw resistance provided adequate cure occurs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.191-196
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• 2000

This study was focused on the investigation of permeability of latex modified concrete as the latex content variated such as 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The rapid chloride permeability test was used to evaluate the relative permeability of latex-modified concretes and conventional concretes. The results showed that the permeability of latex-modified concretes was considerably lower than conventional concretes tested, which may be due to the latex filled in voids and interconnections of hydrated cement and aggregates by a film of latex particles.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.561-568
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• 1997

Conventional confinement reinforcement for rectangular columns consist of closely spaced perimeter hoops, overlapping hoops, and crossties. One of the potential alternatives to conventional reinforcement is a welded reinforcement grid, prefabricated to required size and volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement. An experimental investigation was carried out to investigate the strength and deformability of reinforced concrete columns confined with welded reinforcement grids. The comparisons of the envelopes of experimental force-displacement hysteric relationships for columns confined by welded grids with analytically generated force-displacement curves for columns confined with conventional ties. In general, inelastic deformability beyond the peak, as indicate by the slope of the cuvers, was similar to those indicated by columns with conventional ties. The superior performance of columns with welded grids may be attributed to the improved confinement characteristics of grids associated with increased rigidity of welded ties.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 2014

In this study, the flexural test of amorphous steel fiber-reinforced concrete was performed according to ASTM C 1609 to investigate its flexural performances. The amorphous steel fibers have different configurations from conventional steel fibers : thinner sections and coarser surfaces. Primary test parameters are fiber type (amorphous and conventional steel fibers), concrete compressive strength (27 and 50 MPa), and fiber volume fraction (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75%). Based on the test results, flexural strength and flexural toughness of the amorphous and conventional steel fiber-reinforced concrete were investigated. The results showed that the addition of the amorphous steel fibers into concrete could enhance both flexural strength and toughness while the addition of the conventional steel fibers into concrete was mainly effective to increase the flexural toughness.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.245-255
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• 2017

The performance of an Industrialised Building System (IBS) consists of prefabricated reinforced concrete components, is greatly affected by the behaviour of the connection between beam and columns. The structural characteristics parameters of a beam-to-column connection like rotational stiffness, strength and ductility can be explained by load-rotation relationship of a full scale H-subframe under gravitational load. Furthermore, the connection's degree of rigidity directly influences the behaviour of the whole frame. In this research, rotational behaviour of a patented innovative beam-to-column connection with unique benefits like easy installation, no wet work, no welding work at assembly site, using a hybrid behaviour of steel and concrete, easy replacement ability, and compatibility with architecture was investigated. The proposed IBS beam-to-column connection includes precast concrete components with embedded steel end connectors. Two full-scale H-subframes constructed with a new IBS and conventional cast in-situ reinforced concrete system beam-to-column connections were tested under incremental static loading. In this paper, load-rotation relationship and ratio of the rigidity of IBS beam-to-column connection are studied and compared with conventional monolithic reinforced concrete connection. It is concluded that this new IBS beam-to-column connection benefits from more rotational ductility than the conventional reinforced concrete connection. Furthermore, the semi-rigid IBS connection rigidity ratio is about 44% of a full rigid connection.