• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2013

The flight control of re-entry vehicles poses a challenge to conventional gain-scheduled flight controllers due to the widely spread aerodynamic coefficients. In addition, a wide range of uncertainties in disturbances must be accommodated by the control system. This paper presents the design of a roll channel controller for a non-axisymmetric reentry vehicle model using the trajectory linearization control (TLC) method. The dynamic equations of a moving mass system and roll control model are established using the Lagrange method. Nonlinear tracking and decoupling control by trajectory linearization can be viewed as the ideal gain-scheduling controller designed at every point along the flight trajectory. It provides robust stability and performance at all stages of the flight without adjusting controller gains. It is this "plug-and-play" feature that is highly preferred for developing, testing and routine operating of the re-entry vehicles. Although the controller is designed only for nominal aerodynamic coefficients, excellent performance is verified by simulation for wind disturbances and variations from -30% to +30% of the aerodynamic coefficients.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.5904-5927
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• 2019

Many artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been embedded into various engineering technologies to assist them in achieving different goals. The integration of modern technologies with energy consumption management system and occupant's comfort inside buildings results in the introduction of intelligent building concept. The major aim of this integration is to manage the energy consumption effectively and keeping the occupant satisfied with the internal environment of the building. The last few couple of years have seen many applications of AI techniques for optimizing the energy consumption with maximizing the user comfort in smart buildings but still there is much room for improvement in this area. In this paper, a hybrid of two AI algorithms called firefly algorithm (FA) and genetic algorithm (GA) has been used for user comfort maximization with minimum energy consumption inside smart building. A complete user friendly system with data from various sensors, user, processes, power control system and different actuators is developed in this work for reducing power consumption and increase the user comfort. The inputs of optimization algorithms are illumination, temperature and air quality sensors' data and the user set parameters whereas the outputs of the optimization algorithms are optimized parameters. These optimized parameters are the inputs of different fuzzy controllers which change the status of different actuators according to user satisfaction.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2011

본 논문은 다물체 복합시스템 인자의 변위에 강인한 중앙집중식 연속반복학습제어기(Repetitive Controller, RC)를 설계하는 방법을 소개하고자 한다. 이때 사용되는 불확실 인자들은 확률분포함수에 의해 무작위로 설정되게 된다. 분포함수를 직접 적용하는 대신, 본 제어기는 설정된 확률함수로부터 생성된 모형을 기본으로 설계하였다. 이러한 중앙집중식 복수모형 설계기법으로 엄의의 분포함수로 구성된 수많은 불확실 인자들을 다룰 수 있다. 그러므로, 제어기는 반복영역에서 수렴성을 보장하는 비용함수를 주파수영역에서 최소화함으로써 유도할 수 있다. 다물체 복합시스템에서 중앙집중식 복수모형설계 기법을 단수모형 설계기법과 함께 제안하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2006

압전재료를 사용한 복합재료 패널의 플러터 억제 방법으로서 비선형 모델을 기반으로 하는 비선형 제어기법 중의 하나인 궤환 선형화에 의한 제어방법을 소개하였다. 기존의 패널 플러터 제어기에 대한 대부분의 연구들은 선형모델을 기반으로 설계된 선형2차제어기(LQR: Linear Quadratic Regulator)였음에 비해, 본 연구에서 제안한 비선형제어기는 시스템이 갖고 있는 비선형 특성들을 모두 고려해서 설계하였다. 압전 작동기로서는 PZT를 사용하였다. 가상변위의 원리와 4절점 사각형 요소를 사용하여 이산화된 비선형 운동방정식을 유도하였으며 제어기 설계를 위해 모달 변환을 통해 상태공간에서의 비선형 연계-모달 방정식으로 변환하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 비선형 제어기에 의한 제어 결과와 선형모델을 기반으로 한 LQR 제어결과를 Newmark 수치적분법을 통해 시간영역에서 비교하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1253-1272
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• 2016

For a nonlinear control system, there are many uncertainties, such as the structural model, controlled parameters and external loads. Although the significant progress has been achieved on the robust control of nonlinear systems through some researches on this issue, there are still some limitations, for instance, the complicated solving process, weak conservatism of system, involuted structures and high order of controllers. In this study, the computational structural mechanics and optimal control theory are adopted to address above problems. The induced norm is the eigenvalue problem in structural mechanics, i.e., the elastic stable Euler critical force or eigenfrequency of structural system. The segment mixed energy is introduced with a precise integration and an extended Wittrick-Williams (W-W) induced norm calculation method. This is then incorporated in the market-based control (MBC) theory and combined with the force analogy method (FAM) to solve the MBC robust strategy (R-MBC) of nonlinear systems. Finally, a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system and a 9-stories steel frame structure are analyzed. The results are compared with those calculated by the $H{\infty}$-robust (R-$H{\infty}$) algorithm, and show the induced norm leads to the infinite control output as soon as it reaches the critical value. The R-MBC strategy has a better control effect than the R-$H{\infty}$ algorithm and has the advantage of strong strain capacity and short online computation time. Thus, it can be applied to large complex structures.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2012

A load-following operation in APR+ nuclear plants is necessary to reduce the need to adjust the boric acid concentration and to efficiently control the control rods for flexible operation. In particular, a disproportion in the axial flux distribution, which is normally caused by a load-following operation in a reactor core, causes xenon oscillation because the absorption cross-section of xenon is extremely large and its effects in a reactor are delayed by the iodine precursor. A model predictive control (MPC) method was used to design an automatic load-following controller for the integrated thermal power level and axial shape index (ASI) control for APR+ nuclear plants. Some tracking controllers employ the current tracking command only. On the other hand, the MPC can achieve better tracking performance because it considers future commands in addition to the current tracking command. The basic concept of the MPC is to solve an optimization problem for generating finite future control inputs at the current time and to implement as the current control input only the first control input among the solutions of the finite time steps. At the next time step, the procedure to solve the optimization problem is then repeated. The support vector regression (SVR) model that is used widely for function approximation problems is used to predict the future outputs based on previous inputs and outputs. In addition, a genetic algorithm is employed to minimize the objective function of a MPC control algorithm with multiple constraints. The power level and ASI are controlled by regulating the control banks and part-strength control banks together with an automatic adjustment of the boric acid concentration. The 3-dimensional MASTER code, which models APR+ nuclear plants, is interfaced to the proposed controller to confirm the performance of the controlling reactor power level and ASI. Numerical simulations showed that the proposed controller exhibits very fast tracking responses.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 다중오동작을 포함하고 있는 화재안전정지분석 교육자료를 개발하기 위하여 가상원전에서의 화재안전정지분석을 결정론적 화재분석코드를 사용하여 수행하였다. 교육용 가상원전은 원자로건물과 보조건물로 이루어졌고, 총 22개의 방화지역으로 구성되었다. 교육용 가상원전의 각 방화지역에는 밸브, 펌프, 비상디젤발전기, 스위치기어, 모터제어반, 로직컨트롤러 등의 기기가 배치되었다. 교육용 가상원전 기기들은 두 개의 케이블로 연결되었으며, 각 케이블은 케이블 트레이를 따라서 방화지역을 지나간다고 가정했다. 방화지역분석을 위해 교육용 가상원전에 대한 기기 및 케이블 정보를 데이터베이스화하였고, 다중오동작 시나리오, 기기로직 및 케이블로직을 가정하여 방화지역분석을 수행하였다. 방화지역 분석결과 문제가 되는 케이블과 케이블 트레이에 대해서 3시간 내화성능으로 케이블을 래핑하는 완화조치를 적용하였다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.241-245
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• 2001

기존의 퍼지 교통 제어기들이 직관적 지식과 경험 또는 표준 규칙 베이스를 이용하여 규칙 베이스를 구성하지만, 그런 방식으로 구성된 규칙 베이스는 전문가와 운전자의 제어지식을 구체적이고 정확하게 표현할 수 없다는 문제가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제어지식을 더욱 정확하게 표현한 퍼지 교통 제어기를 설계하여 퍼지 교통 제어의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 제어지식을 정확히 표현할 수 있도록 입출력 데이터 클러스터링을 기초하여 퍼지 소속함수의 위치와 형태를 수정한다. 직관적 지식과 경험에 의해 주어진 대략적인 제어지식은 입출력 데이터 클러스터링을 위한 평가함수로 이용된다. 제안된 방법으로 설계된 퍼지 교통 제어기는 전문가와 운전자의 제어지식을 더욱 정확하게 표현할 수 있었고, 통과 차량수의 녹색시간 낭비율면에서 기존의 제어기 보다 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2017

매우 큰 정안정성($C_{L{\alpha}}$)을 갖는 틸트덕트 운동모델에 대해 선형 파라미터를 갖는 Sigma-Pi 신경망(SPNN) 제어법칙을 적용하였다. 기존의 비례적분미분(PID) 제어기는 매우 큰 정안정성을 갖는 운동모델이 갖는 강한 기수숙임 문제를 해결하기 어려웠고 이로인해 제어성능을 높일 수 없었다. 이와 달리 외부루프와 내부루프에 모두 적용된 SPNN 제어기는 동역학역변환 및 모델오차를 줄일 수 있는 의사적응제어 명령을 이용해서 과도한 안정성을 개선할 수 있었다. 이를 검증하기 위해서 경로점 추종 시뮬레이션을 이용해서 PID제어 성능과 SPNN제어 성능을 비교하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2003

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway and the prevalence rate is increasing. As the burden of asthma to the society is significant due to the increasing hospital admissions and emergency visits, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI, USA) and World Health Organization (WHO) have developed comprehensive guidelines to help clinicians and patients make appropriate decisions about asthma care. The aim of study was to analyze the pattern of asthma prescriptions based on the national asthma guidelines for the patients visiting primary health care providers. Prescription data for asthma were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database of January 2002. Ten percent of the primary health care providers were sampled based on their specialty areas, and 20％ of the claim cases were randomly chosen. Study results showed that prescription rate for oral beta-2 agonists was 44.3％, and that for oral theophylline was 46.9％. Oral steroids were prescribed for the 28.2％ of the claims. Utilization of inhalers was low for both bronchodilators (20.3％, beta-2 agonists inhalers), and steroids (8.4％ steroids inhalers). Bronchodilators were more preferred to the longterm anti-inflammatory controllers among the primary health care providers. Prescription rate for antibiotics was 46.0％ for asthmatic patients. Also gastrointestinal drugs were prescribed for 59.0％, antitussives 65.3％, antihistamines 25.3％ and analgesics 29.4％, respectively. This study presented that the prescribing pattern of the primary health care providers for the asthma was quite different from the national and international guidelines. More efforts need to be made to reduce the gap between the present pattern of asthma prescription and the guidelines.