• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.120-131
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• 2017

Purpose: Tumor bleeding is a major complication in inoperable gastric cancer. The study aim was to investigate the effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment for the prevention of gastric tumor bleeding. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Patients with inoperable gastric cancer were randomly assigned to receive oral lansoprazole (30 mg) or placebo daily. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of tumor bleeding, and the secondary endpoints were transfusion requirement and overall survival (OS). Results: This study initially planned to enroll 394 patients, but prematurely ended due to low recruitment rate. Overall, 127 patients were included in the analyses: 64 in the lansoprazole group and 63 in the placebo group. During the median follow-up of 6.4 months, tumor bleeding rates were 7.8% and 9.5%, in the lansoprazole and placebo groups, respectively, with the cumulative bleeding incidence not statistically different between the groups (P=0.515, Gray's test). However, during the initial 4 months, 4 placebo-treated patients developed tumor bleeding, whereas there were no bleeding events in the lansoprazole-treated patients (P=0.041, Gray's test). There was no difference in the proportion of patients who required transfusion between the groups. The OS between the lansoprazole (11.7 months) and the placebo (11.0 months) groups was not statistically different (P=0.610). Study drug-related serious adverse event or bleeding-related death did not occur. Conclusions: Treating patients with inoperable gastric cancer with lansoprazole did not significantly reduce the incidence of tumor bleeding. However, further studies are needed to evaluate whether lansoprazole can prevent tumor bleeding during earlier phases of chemotherapy (ClinicalTrial.gov, identifier No. NCT02150447).

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.12
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• pp.549-560
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• 2015

There is a wide variety of data quality attributes such as the ones proposed by the ISO/IEC organization and also by many other domestic and international institutions. However, it takes considerable time and costs to apply those criteria and guidelines to real environment. Therefore, it needs to define data quality evaluation attributes which are easily applicable and are not influenced by organizational environment limitations. The purpose of this paper is to derive data quality attributes and order of their priorities based on customer requirements for managing the process systematically and evaluating the data quantitatively. This study identifies the customer cognitive constructs of data quality attributes using the RGT(Repertory Grid Technique) based on a Korean quality standard model (DQC-M). Also the correlation analysis on the identified constructs is conducted, and the evaluation attributes is prioritized and ranked using the AHP. As the results of this paper, the consistent system, the accurate data, the efficient environment, the flexible management, and the continuous improvement are derived at the first level of the data quality evaluation attributes. Also, Control Compliance(13%), Regulatory Compliance(10%), Requirement Completeness(9.6%), Accuracy(8.4%), and Traceability(6.8%) are ranked on the top 5 of the 19 attributes in the second level.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.387-408
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• 2012

This paper have examined the descriptive and legal approaches to the comparison and analysis of major content of direct transport in FTA rules of origin and the primary judicial precedents that arose during the executing process of FTAs. Preferential tariff treatment shall be applied to a good satisfying the requirement of this agreement(annex, article etc.,) and which is transported directly between the territories of the exporting party and importing party. However, products may be transported through territories of non-parties, provided that they do not undergo operations other than unloading, reloading, splitting-up of consignments or any operation designed to preserve them in good condition. During this period the products shall remain under customs control in the country of transit. The low perception of firms on the rules of origin was found to lead to breaking the rule and thus taking up losses. The FTA major countries enacted penalty rules against the violation of the rules of origin and bring civil and criminal suits and administrative sanctions. The types and level of penalties are subject to their domestic laws of each of those nations. With better recognition of major content of direct transport in FTA rules of origin and well-prepared countermeasures, firms will be able to enhance competitive advantage while benefiting from preferential tariffs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.566-574
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• 2001

For decades it has been a clinically accepted requirement, in case of salivary contamination, to re-etch conditioned enamel and dentin to proceed with the adhesive technique. Only a few reports have been so far dealing with the potential of one-bottle adhesive system to bond even when applied after salivary contamination and without re-etching. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the salivary contamination on the shear bond strength of dentin. The results were as follows: 1. In group II, in which saliva contamination and washing occurred before applying of Prime & Bond NT showed high shear bond strength as in control group. In Group III and IV, in which the cured adhesive was contaminated with saliva, showed significantly lower mean bond strength, 2. Relating long resin tags of $70\sim120{\mu}m$ were observed in samples of all groups under SEM. We could observed hybrid layer, resin tag and many lateral branches in every group. And there were no differences between groups.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.169-177
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• 2012

In the development process of application systems, the most important works are analysis and design. Most of the application systems are implemented on database system. So, database design is important. Also, IT System are confronted with more and more attacks by an increase interconnections between IT systems. Therefore security-related processes belong to a very important process. Security is a complex non-functional requirement that can interaction of many parts in the system. But Security is considered in the final stages of development. Therefore, Their increases the potential for the final product to contain vulnerabilities. Accordingly, Early in development related to security analysis and design process is very important. J2EE gives a solution based on RBAC((Role Based Access Control) for security and object-relational database also has RBAC for security. But there is not a object-oriented analysis and design methodology using RBAC of J2EE and object-relational database for security. In this paper, the unified object-oriented analysis and design methodology is developed for security-critical web application systems based on J2EE and object-relational database. We used UMLsec and RBAC of object-relational database and J2EE for this methodology.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.293-303
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• 2008

Reservoir turbidity flows degrade the efficiency and sustainability of water supply system in many countries located in monsoon climate region. A decision support system called RTMMS aimed to assist reservoir operations was developed for the real time monitoring, modeling, and management of turbidity flows induced by flood runoffs in Daecheong reservoir. RTMMS consists of a real time data acquisition module that collects and stores field monitoring data, a data assimilation module that assists pre-processing of model input data, a two dimensional numerical model for the simulation of reservoir hydrodynamics and turbidity, and a post-processor that aids the analysis of simulation results and alternative management scenarios. RTMMS was calibrated using field data obtained during the flood season of 2004, and applied to real-time simulations of flood events occurred on July of 2006 for assessing its predictive capability. The system showed fairly satisfactory performance in reproducing the density flow regimes and fate of turbidity plumes in the reservoir with efficient computation time that is a vital requirement for a real time application. The configurations of RTMMS suggested in this study can be adopted in many reservoirs that have similar turbidity issues for better management of water supply utilities and downstream aquatic ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.684-692
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• 2016

In the manufacturing process of the LQFP/TQFP (Low-profile Quad Flat Package/Thin Quad Flat Package), the requirement of a 3 dimensional inspection is increasing rapidly and a 3D inspection of the shape of a chip has become an important report of quality control. This study developed a 3 dimensional measurement system based on PMP (Phase Measuring Profilometry) for an inspection of the LQFP/TQFP chip and image processing algorithms. The defects of the LQFP/TQFP chip were classified according to the dimensions. The 2 dimensional optical system was designed by the dorm illumination to achieve constant light distribution, In the 3 dimensional optical system, PZT was used for moving 90 degree in phase. The problem of 2 ambiguity was solved from the measured moir? pattern using the ambiguity elimination algorithm that finds the point of ambiguity and refines the phase value. The proposed 3D measurement system was evaluated experimentally.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2003

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary energy and protein levels on the growth rate of egg breeder pullets. A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown pullets aged 2 to 6 weeks (Phase I) were fed 5 rations differing in dietary protein (17, 19 and 20%) and energy (2,800, 2,950 and 3,050 kcal/kg, TMEn) leveIs for a period of 5 weeks and those aged 6 to 10 weeks (Phase II) were fed 5 rations differing in dietary protein (15, 16 and 17%) and energy (2,800, 2,900 and 3,000 kcal/kg, TMEn) levels in order to evaluate the optimum dietary energy and protein leveIs for egg breeder pullets reared in cages. Their body weight gains were significantly influenced by the dietary protein levels (P<0.05). The dietary energy levels did not greatly affect the growth performances throughout the experimental period. The low energy and protein regimen based on NRC requirement (control) was found to produce smaller pullets and lower tibia bone measurements as compared to the higher regimen groups. With the increase in dietary energy and protein levels, tibial bone strength and ash content also gradually increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the flock uniformity among the treatments. These results indicate that increases in dietary energy and protein levels above the NRC requirements appeared to be more effective in obtaining the optimal growth and bone developments of egg breeder pullets reared in cage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.229-229
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• 2010

With the scaling down of ultra large integrated circuits (ULSI) to the sub-50 nm technology node, the need for an ultra-thin, continuous and conformal diffusion barrier and Cu seed layer is increasing. However, diffusion barrier and Cu seed layer formation with a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method has become difficult as the technology node is reduced to 30 nm and beyond. Recent work on self-forming barrier processes using PVD Cu alloys have attracted great attention due to the capability of conformal ultra-thin barrier formation using a simple technique. However, as in the case of the conventional barrier and Cu seed layer, PVD of the Cu alloy seed layer will eventually encounter the difficulty in conformal deposition in narrow line trenches and via holes. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been known for its good step coverage and precise thickness control, and is a candidate technique for the formation of a thin conformal barrier layer and Cu seed layer. Conformal Cu-Mn seed layers were deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) at low temperature ($120^{\circ}C$), and the Mn content in the Cu-Mn alloys were controlled form 0 to approximately 10 atomic percent with various Mn precursor feeding times. Resistivity of the Cu-Mn alloy films decreased by annealing due to out-diffusion of Mn atoms. Out-diffused Mn atoms were segregated to the surface of the film and interface between a Cu-Mn alloy and $SiO_2$, resulting in self-formed $MnO_x$ and $MnSi_xO_y$, respectively. No inter-diffusion was observed between Cu and $SiO_2$ after annealing at $500^{\circ}C$ for 12 h, indicating an excellent diffusion barrier property of the $MnSi_xO_y$. The adhesion between Cu and $SiO_2$ was enhanced by the formation of $MnSi_xO_y$. Continuous and conductive Cu-Mn seed layers were deposited with PEALD into 32 nm $SiO_2$ trench, enabling a low temperature process, and the trench was perfectly filled using electrochemical plating (ECD) under conventional conditions. Thus, it is the resultant self-forming barrier process with PEALD Cu-Mn alloy film as a seed layer for plating Cu that has further potential to meet the requirement of the smaller than 30 nm node.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 2002

The effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at SP-6 with different durations on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and on the cardiovascular system were evaluated in dogs under isoflurane anesthesia. Eight healthy male beagles were randomly assigned to four study groups (n = 5/group) with washout period of 7 days for recovery and anesthetic withdrawal between experiments. Four study groups were control, nonacupoint electrical stimulation (NA), EA for 30 minutes (SP-6) and continuous EA for 70 or 90 minutes (SP-6C). For the nonacupoint electrical stimulation group, needles were inserted into the nonacupoint at the muscle bellies of left triceps brachii and right quadriceps femoris. MAC and cardiovascular parameters were determined after EA at SP-6 acupoint and at nonacupoint. Thirty minutes of EA and continuous EA until re-determination of MAC at SP-6 acupoint lowered the MAC of isoflurane by 21.3$\pm$8.0% and 16.1$\pm$4.6%, respectively (p<0.05). The decrements in MAC values were not significantly different between two EA groups. However, electrical stimulation of nonacupoint did not induce a significant change in MAC. In SP-6 and SP-6C groups, significant changes in cardiovascular parameters were not observed. These results indicate that EA at SP-6 have an advantage in isoflurane anesthesia in terms of reducing the requirement for anesthetics and minimizing cardiovascular side effects. EA for 30 minutes at maximum might be the sufficient time to produce acupuncture analgesia.