• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2017

정보통신 기기들의 가격하락과 인터넷의 발전은 사물인터넷이라는 새로운 분야를 탄생시켰다. 일상에 접하는 모든 사물들이 인터넷으로 연결되어 새로운 서비스를 창출하는 사물인터넷은 빅데이터와 결합되어 기존에 볼 수 없었던 새로운 형태의 비즈니스 영역을 개척해 나가고 있다. 이에 사물인터넷의 전망은 그 활용도에 있어서 무궁무진 하다고 말할 수 있다. 또한 이러한 사물인터넷 장비들의 원활한 연결을 위한 표준화 기관들의 연구도 활발한 편이다. 그러나 이러한 연구 중에 우리가 간과하는 부분이 있다. 사물인터넷 장비를 제어하거나 정보를 획득하기 위해서 장비와의 연동문제(IP주소, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC 등) 및 관련 애플리케이션 소프트웨어 또는 앱을 별도로 개발을 해야 한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 기존의 연구방식들은 GPS 또는 마커를 이용한 증강현실 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 하지만 별도의 마커가 필요하고 마커의 경우 가까운 곳만 인식하는 단점을 갖는다. 또한 2D 기반의 카메라의 활용한 GPS 주소 활용한 연구의 경우 대상 장비와의 거리 인식을 할 수 없어 능동적인 인터페이스 구현의 어려움이 있었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 기존의 복잡한 방법이 아니라 사용자가 눈으로 확인하고 간단한 조작만으로 장비와의 연동이 가능한 직관적인 방법이 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구는 향후 스마트폰에 탑재될 3D 깊이 인식카메라를 활용해서 별도의 마커 없이 거리측정 및 핸드폰의 센서정보를 연동해서 자동으로 공간 좌표를 계산하여 사물인터넷의 장비를 발견하고 해당 사물인터넷 장비의 정보 획득 및 제어가 가능한 방법론을 제안한다. 결과로 사용자 관점에서 별도의 사물인터넷 장비 연동문제 및 앱 설치에 대한 부담을 줄일 수 있다. 나아가 이 기술이 공공서비스와 스마트 안경분야에 활용된다면 공공 서비스 증대 및 많은 소프트웨어 개발의 중복 투자를 줄이게 될 것이다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.169-188
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• 2019

이 연구에서는 계족산성 원형성벽의 디지털 데이터베이스 구축을 위해 무인항공사진촬영 및 지상레이저스캐닝을 수행하였고, 모니터링의 연속성을 위해 지상기준점을 측량하였다. 또한 원형성벽의 구조적 안정성 검토를 위해 육안 정밀조사, 무인항공사진측량, 내시경 촬영, 토털스테이션 및 수동 계측을 진행하였다. 남쪽 원형성벽의 우측구간은 드론으로 항공사진측량하고 3차원 디지털모델의 편차분석을 통해 단기간 모니터링하였다. 이 결과, 두 성벽은 5mm 이내의 범위에서 거의 일치하였고 부분적 편차는 있으나 성돌의 변위와 변형을 지시할만한 차이는 없었다. 정밀 육안조사와 고해상도 영상자료를 이용하여 배부름, 약선대, 균열대 등 구조적 변형이 발생한 지점을 주기적으로 모니터링한 결과, 뚜렷한 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 내시경을 통해 본 내부의 적심상태는 원형성벽의 채움석이 잘 남아 있었으나, 채움토는 대부분 유실되었다. 원형성벽에서 구조적 변형이 발생한 지점을 중심으로 토털스테이션 측정 결과, 북쪽 원형성벽의 최대 변위량은 6.6mm, 남쪽 원형성벽의 최대 변위량은 3.8mm로 다소 높았으나, 최종 변위량은 각각 2.9mm와 1.4mm 이하로 나타났다. 간이계측 역시 모든 지점에서 0.82mm 이하의 변위가 발생하여 뚜렷한 구조적 변형은 확인되지 않았다. 원형성벽의 변위 모니터링 결과가 양호하게 나타났다 하더라도 갑작스런 취성파괴가 발생하는 성벽의 특성상 구조적 안정성을 담보하기 어렵다. 따라서 이 연구에서 취득한 3차원 형상정보를 바탕으로 보존과학적 진단과 정밀 모니터링 및 구조해석이 요구된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.366-375
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• 2019

본 실험은 토마토(Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Hoyong' 'Super Doterang') 암면재배에서 배지 전체의 정전용량을 측정할 수 있는 장치(Substrate capacitance measurement device, SCMD)를 기반으로 한 적정 급액 방법을 구명하기 위하여 누적일사량 제어구(Integrated solar radiation automated irrigation, ISR)와 물관수액흐름 제어구(sap flow automated irrigation, SF)를 대조구로 비교하면서 봄부터 여름철과 겨울철에 재배를 실시하였다. SCMD 제어구는 급액 개시 후 배지 한 개당 설정된 배액 목표량이 처음 발생하는 시점까지 10분간격으로 급액하였고 첫 배액이 배출되면 그 때의 배지의 정전용량(Capacitance)을 100%로 간주하고 그 기준치의 급액제어점(Capacitance threshold, CT)에 도달하면 급액 되었고 그 뒤 목표 배액량이 발생하면 급액이 멈추는 방식으로 제어되었다. 봄부터 여름재배에서 실험 처리를 위해 SCMD제어구의 일회 급액량 (Irrigation volume per event)을 50, 75, 또는 100mL로 설정하였고 겨울철 재배에서는 CT가 0.65, 0.75, 또는 0.90가 되면 급액 되도록 설정하였다. 봄부터 여름철 재배에서 일회 급액량을 50, 75, 100mL로 설정하였을 때 급액 횟수는 각각 39, 29, 19회였고 배액율은 각각 3.04, 9.25, 20.18%였다. 겨울철 재배에서 CT를 0.65, 0.75, 0.90로 설정하였을 때 급액횟수는 각각 5.67, 6.50, 14.67회였고 배액율은 9.91, 10.78, 35.3%였다. 봄부터 여름철 재배에서 일회 급액량 처리에 따른 물관수액흐름속도(SF) 변화는 1회 급액량과 배액량을 각각 50과 75mL로 제한한 경우 100mL로 제한한 경우와 비교하여SF 신호가 외부 광량 신호 (SI) 보다 늦어지는 경향(time lag)을 보였고 겨울철 재배에서 CT를 0.65로 설정한 경우는 물관수액흐름 속도나 함수율이 매우 낮아졌고 CT를 0.90로 설정한 경우는 함수율과 물관수액흐름 속도는 매우 높았으나 많은 배액이 배출되었다. 따라서 토마토 봄부터 여름철 재배에서 SCMD를 활용하여 CT를 0.9로, 배지 한 개당 배액 목표량을 100mL로 설정하였을 때 일회 급액량은 75~100mL 범위가 적합하고 겨울철 재배에서는 1회 급액량을 75mL로, 배액 목표량을 70mL로 설정하였을 때 CT는 0.75이상 0.9이하 범위가 적합할 것으로 판단되었다. 앞으로 정전용량 값과 배지 용적수분함량의 관계성을 구명하고 보정계수를 구하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.356-365
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• 2022

영농형 태양광 발전은 농경지에서 작물을 생산함과 동시에 식물이 요구하는 광포화점 이상의 광을 이용하여 전기를 생산하는 시스템이다. 새로운 농가 소득원의 개발을 위하여 포도원에 태양광 패널을 설치하고 수체의 생육과 과실 발육 특성을 평가하여 영농형 태양광의 활용성을 탐색하고 향후 재배기술을 개발하는 데 필요한 정보를 제공하고자 연구를 진행하였다. 152 × 68 × 3.5cm 크기의 구조물에 영농형 150Wp (36cell) 모듈을 포도나무 재식열에 따라 배치하고, 과원의 환경과 식물생육을 분석하였다. 무처리에는 겨울철 풍속이 0.4-0.6m·s^-1에 도달하였으나, 시설 설치구에서는 0.01-0.02m·s^-1에 머물렀다. 삽수 수피의 탄수화물함량은 시설 설치구에서 183-184m·g^-1으로 무처리구(181-198mg·g^-1)에 비해 큰 차이가 없으며 삽수의 발아율도 큰 차이가 없었다. 잎의 엽록소의 함량은 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 수확후 과실의 특성으로는 과립중, 과방중, 당도, 과피색의 차이는 없었다. 다만 시설구에서 숙기가 5-7일정도 늦어졌으며, 변색기의 착색에는 약간 차이가 있었다. 영농형 태양광 패널을 설치한 과원에서 포도나무와 과실의 발육은 유의차가 없었고, 설치구에서 착색이 지연되었다. 이러한 결과는 향후 포도원에서 영농형 태양광 시설을 설치하여 포도를 생산하는 기술 개발에 필요한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.946-951
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• 2006

목 적 : 본 연구는 복합운동이 비만 아동의 에너지 대사를 긍정적으로 개선시킬 수 있는지를 알아보고자 복합운동 프로그램 12주 동안 아디포넥틴과 비만관련 변수와의 변화를 분석하였다. 방 법 : 일개 초등학교 5학년 남학생 중 체질량지수가 85백분위수 이상인 과체중 및 비만 아동을 대상으로 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상자들은 12주 동안 걷기운동과 밴드저항운동을 조합한 복합운동프로그램을 시행하였다. 신장, 체중, 체지방량, 공복 혈당, 인슐린 및 아디포넥틴 측정은 복합운동프로그램 시작 전 및 프로그램 시행 1주, 4주, 12주째에 측정하였다. 인슐린 저항성 및 민감도는 HOMA 지수와 QUICKI 지수를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 아디포넥틴은 운동 4주 후에는 유의하게 감소하였으며, 이후 증가하는 양상을 보여 운동 12주 후에는 운동 전과 유사한 수준으로 운동 프로그램이 지속됨에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 체중, 체질량지수 및 인슐린 저항성은 복합운동 1주, 4주, 12주 후에 운동군이 대조군에 비해 유의한 감소를 보였다. 체지방률은 복합운동 12주에 운동군에서 대조군에 비해 유의한 감소가 관찰되었다. 운동이 진행됨에 따라 체중 및 체질량지수 변화량과 인슐린 변화량 간에는 유의한 관련성이 있었으며, 아디 포넥틴 변화량과 인슐린 변화량 간에는 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과 인슐린저항성은 복합운동 1주 후부터 개선되기 시작하였다. 아디포넥틴은 운동 초기에 감소하다 특정시기 이상의 지속적인 운동에서 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 운동이 아디포넥틴 농도 변화에 영향을 미친다는 것을 제시할 수 있지만, 장기간의 지속적인 운동에 따른 아디포넥틴 농도의 변화에 대해서는 후속 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2010

PTH 측정은 체내 칼슘 및 이온화 칼슘의 수치와 함께 갑상선 절제술 후 저칼슘혈증을 예측하는 유용한 지표로서 임상에서는 신속한 결과 보고를 요구하고 있으나 검사반응시간이 길어 이에 상응하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 PTH 검사반응시간에 변화를 주어 신속한 결과 보고를 함으로서, 저칼슘혈증 예측 지표의 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 2009년 7~8월까지 PTH를 검사한 환자들(n=131)을 대상으로 하였으며, 검사방법은 면역방사계수법으로 반응시간은 18${\pm}$2시간(Overnight), 0.5, 3, 6시간으로 구분하여 상관관계, 정밀도(10회 반복), 회수율을 측정하였다. 또한 조기 저칼슘 혈증 예측지표의 유용성을 평가하기 위해 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측도, 정확도를 비교 분석 하였다. 상관관계에서는 overnight을 기준으로 0.5시간은 $R^2$=0.987, 3시간은 $R^2$=0.993, 6시간은 $R^2$=0.996로 나타났다. 정밀도(%CV${\pm}$SD)에서 0.5시간은 $15.92{\pm}15.54$, 3시간은 $6.91{\pm}7.38$, 6시간은 $4.30{\pm}4.69$, Overnight은 $4.59{\pm}2.59$로 측정되었다. 회수율(%Mean${\pm}$SD)에서 0.5시간은 $96.8{\pm}5.44$, 3시간은 $102.6{\pm}4.35$, 6시간은 $100.7{\pm}2.56$, Overnight은 $102.2{\pm}5.98$로 측정되었다. 양성 예측치(cut-off point=15 pg/mL)를 기준으로 저칼슘혈증을 예측할 때, 0.5시간일 때 민감도 97.5% 특이도 96.0% 양성예측도 86.6% 정확도 84.7%였고, 3시간일 때 민감도 97.5% 특이도 100% 양성예측도 100% 정확도 97.5%였고, 6시간일때 민감도 97.5% 특이도 92.3% 양성예측도 92.8% 정확도 90.6%였다. Overnight법과 비교할 때 검사반응시간 3시간에서 98.3%로 가장 높은 일치율을 보였고, Kappa와 상관관계 또한 우수하였다. 이에 검사반응시간을 3시간으로 단축시켜 신속한 결과를 보고함으로써 환자의 저칼슘혈증을 조기에 예측하여 칼슘제 투여 등 적절한 조치를 취하여 환자의 증상발현을 막을 수 있는 유용한 지표로 활용될 것이다.

• 지질공학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-46
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• 2004

균열을 따른 지하수 유동은 균열 기하양상에 의해 속도와 유동형태가 결정되므로, 암반 내 지하수 유동특성 해석 시 유동경로 역할을 하는 균열의 기하양상을 정확하게 파악하는 것은 중요하다. 그러나, 실제 현장규모에서는 노두의 불연속적 분포와 지표 하 정보의 연속적 획득이 불가능하기 때문에 전체적인 균열 정보를 얻기 어렵다. 따라서, 해석대상 균열 전체양상을 표현할 수 있는 방법의 개발이 요구된다. 이 연구는 퓨리에 변환을 토대로 해석대상 균열의 전체 기하양상을 파악하는 방법을 개발하고자 새로운 접근을 시도하였다. 시추코아로부터 해석대상 균열을 따라 시료를 채취한 후, 각 시료별로 퓨리에 변환을 통해 거칠기 구성성분 중 영향력이 큰 성분을 선택하였다. 그리고, 선정된 성분들을 평균하여 평균 스펙트럼을 구하였다. 평균 스펙트럼은 각 시료의 모든 성분을 포함하고 있으므로, 해석 대상 균열의 거칠기 성분 중 대표성분을 나타낸다. Low pass filtering을 수행한 후, 퓨리에 역변환을 실시하여 평균화 된 전체 균열의 거칠기 형상을 재현하였다. 재현된 거칠기 형상 또한 각 시료의 전체 기하특성을 포함하는 해석대상 지표하 균열의 대표적 거칠기 양상을 나타내는 것이다. 또한, 이는 규모확장을 통한 균열 전체의 거칠기 양상을 의미하는 것이다. 해석대상 균열을 따른 투수계수 특성을 파악하기 위해 재현된 거칠기 양상을 바탕으로 균열모델을 구성하였다. 투수계수는 균열 기하특성을 최대한 반영하여 정확한 투수계수를 구할 수 있는 균질화 해석법을 통해 산정 하였다. 해석결과는 $10^{-4}{\;}and{\;}10^{-3}{\;}cm/sec$ 범위의 투수계수 분포를 보이는데, 이는 큰 규모의 균열을 따른 투수계수 값이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 시도는 전술한 바와 같이 제한된 단속적 균열정보를 이용해 해석대상의 균열전체에 대한 기하양상은 물론 투수계수를 산정 할 수 있는 방법이 될 것이다.도는 매립된 폐기물의 성상과 밀접한 관계를 보이며 해안가를 따라 매립되어 있는 지역의 토양 내 중금속의 용출은 주변 환경에 대한 잠재적인 환경위험을 결정 시 중요한 역할을 한다.로 제거할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 오염 지도에 근거하여 산출된 복원 물량에 대하여 토양세척법을 이용하는 경우 복원 비용을 산출하였으며, 이와 같은 자료는 고로폐광산 주변 오염 토양에 대한 실제 복원 공정의 설계에 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.om the sampling and analytical procedures. There is a cost involved in order to improve the precision of sampling and analytical methods so as to decrease the degree of measurement uncertainty. The economical point of compromise in an investigation planning can be achieved when the allowable degree of uncertainty has been set before-hand. The investigation can then be planned accordingly not to exceed the uncertainty limit. Furthermore, if the measurement uncertainty estimated from the preliminary investigation can be separated into sampling and analytical uncertainties, it can be used as a criterion where the resources for the investigation should be allotted cost-effectively to reinforce the weakest link of

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 중소기업연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.67-93
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• 2009

본 연구는 1999년 1월 1일부터 2007년 12월 31일까지 한국거래소의 유가증권시장과 코스닥시장에 상장된 혁신형 중소기업을 대상으로 재무적 제약과 배당스무딩간의 관계를 실증분석 하였으며, 주요한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 기업들은 목표 배당성향을 가지고 있으며, 실제 배당성향이 목표 배당성향에서 이탈하면 다시 배당지급을 부분적으로 조정한다. 배당조정속도는 Lintner(1956)의 배당조정모형의 핵심변수인 전기 주당배당과 당기 주당이익을 사용하여 거의 대부분 측정할 수 있으며, 잔여배당이론과 그 이후에 등장한 배당신호이론, 대리인이론, 케이터링 이론 및 거래비용이론에 관한 대용변수들은 배당조정속도에 부분적으로 영향을 미친다. 그리고 전기 주당배당은 당기 주당이익보다 배당조정속도에 더 큰 영향을 미치는데, 이는 기업들이 특별한 이유가 없는 한 전기 주당배당 수준을 장기적으로 유지하는 안정적인 배당정책을 선호한다는 증거가 된다. 혁신형 중소기업은 비혁신형 중소기업보다 배당조정속도가 더 빠르다. 혁신형 중소기업은 R&D 투자에 따른 미래의 성장성과 수익성을 담보로 하여 장기적으로 안정적인 배당정책을 유지할 수 있다. 다시 말해, 혁신형 중소기업은 배당지급이 목표 배당성향에서 이탈하더라도, R&D 투자에 따른 미래의 성장성과 수익성을 담보로 하여 목표 배당성향을 향하여 배당지급을 신속하게 조정하여 배당스무딩을 효과적으로 달성할 수 있다. 그리고 혁신형 중소기업 중에서도 재무적 비제약 기업은 재무적 제약 기업보다 배당조정속도가 더 빠르다. 이는 재무적 비제약 기업일수록 자본시장을 통한 외부 자금조달이 용이하기 때문에 주당배당을 신속하게 조정한다는 증거가 된다. 따라서 자본시장 접근성이 용이하여 재무적 제약을 적게 받는 기업일수록 외부 자금조달이 용이하기 때문에 배당지급을 더 신속하게 조정함으로써 배당스무딩을 더 효과적으로 달성할 수 있다. 그리고 중소기업청이 정책적 목적으로 분류한 혁신형 중소기업(벤처기업, 이노비즈기업, 경영혁신형기업)은 비혁신형 중소기업보다 배당조정속도가 더 빠르다. 중소기업청에서 정책적 목적으로 분류한 혁신형 중소기업은 신용보증지원, 정책자금지원, 조세혜택, 공공입찰 우선권 부여 등과 같은 다양한 정책적 혜택으로 인해 재무적 제약을 적게 받기 때문에 배당지급을 더 신속하게 조정할 수 있다. 결론적으로, 한국거래소의 유가증권시장과 코스닥시장에 상장된 혁신형 중소기업은 비혁신형 중소기업보다 배당조정속도가 더 빠르고, 혁신형 중소기업 중에서도 재무적 비제약 기업은 재무적 제약 기업보다 배당조정 속도가 더 빠르다. 다시 말해, 중소기업 중에서도 R&D 집중도가 높은 혁신형 중소기업은 R&D 투자에 따른 미래의 성장성과 수익성을 담보로 하여 배당스무딩을 신속하게 할 수 있고, 혁신형 중소기업 중에서도 자본시장 접근성이 좋은 기업은 재무적 제약을 적게 받기 때문에 배당스무딩을 더 신속하게 할 수 있다. 따라서 중소기업 경영자는 R&D 집중도를 증가시키고 자본시장 접근성을 높여 재무적 제약을 회피함으로써 신속한 배당스무딩을 통해 장기적으로 안정적인 배당정책을 유지할 수 있다고 생각한다. 그리고 중소기업청이 정책적 목적으로 분류한 혁신형 중소기업(벤처기업, 이노비즈기업, 경영혁신형기업)의 경우에도 배당조정속도가 비혁신형 중소기업보다 더 빠르게 나왔다. 이러한 결과는 배당정책의 측면에서 중소기업청의 혁신형 중소기업 정책을 지지하는 실증적인 증거가 된다.