• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.23-50
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• 2001

The study tries to suggest one kind of method for measuring expost commutative fisheries damages caused by a large scale coastal reclamation. The situation of fisheries damages which the paper is considering is different from those of general cases:the latter is a priori investigation but the former is a posteriori one. Therefore we need a different approach for exact measurement of such kind of fisheries damages. The key contribution of the paper is to try to estimate a decreasing production function using the results of present investigation and several statistical data about our coastal fisheries productivity and environmental deterioration. Using the function, the paper tries to derive the expected catch amount and damage amount.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.459-467
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• 2018

This study aim to analyze the factors affecting technical support input and performance of companies benefiting from ICT SME technology support operated by ETRI. In order to analyze the data, we surveyed 181 companies who received technical support between 2015 and 2017, and analyzed the relationship between input factors and performance factors through path analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that the service quality was directly influenced on the improvement of technology level, and the cost reduction effect was influenced by the amount of support, the year of support, and the service quality. Also, input factors affecting contribution sales are the amount of support, and the support year and quality of support services are not effective. Finally, as a result of examining the effect of technological and economic performance on job creation, it is found that the effect of job creation increases as the contribution sales increase.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 1976

This study is based on data from the food consumption survey on 727 members of 125 farm households from 7 different provinces. The survey was conducted in May, 1975 in cooperation with the O.R.D. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. 1. The average consumption of the basic food groups per capita per day was 563 g for cereals and grains(398g of rice and 129g of barley), 87.6g for meats and legumes, 317.8g for fruits and vegetables, 25.7g for milks and small fishes, 9.1g for fats and oils, and 45.1g for other group. 2. The average daily consumption of calories and nutrients was 2256 cal and 11.7g for animal proteins, 70.5g for total proteins, 21.6g for fats, 537.4mg for calcium, 18.1mg for iron, 5375lU for vitamin A, 1.27mg for thiamine, 1.05mg for riboflavin, 15.5mg for niacin, 77.7mg for ascorbic acid. When these figures are compared with the recommended allowances for Korean, the calories and nutrients intakes were satisfactory, except for the intakes of animal protein which was below two third of the recommended allowance. 3. The diets of the projected villages differed from those of the non-projected villages in the following respect: (a) The amounts of animal proteins and fats were larger in the projected villages than in the non-projected villages. (b) The percentage contribution of fats to the total amount of calories from three nutrients, carbohydrates, proteins and fats was higher in the projected villages than in tile non-projected villages. (c) The percentage contribution from carbohydrates to the total amount of calories was higher in the non-projected villages than in the projected villages. 4. Certain physical and clinical symptoms were observed among the people in the rural areas, which can be related to the shortages of animal proteins and fats in their diets. It is recommended to pay special attention to the nutrition of school children in the Korean rural areas.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

Objectives: Maintaining a balanced diet is very crucial for adolescents. However, adolescents, who may have a short notion about the amount of food, find it difficult to plan daily meals by applying the target pattern proposed by the Korean Nutrition Society. This study was carried out to revise the target pattern based on cooked dishes instead of raw material food groups as an easier way for Korean adolescents to plan their meals. Methods: Target pattern for Korean adolescents were revised based on the following: $1^{st}$, categorize dish groups, $2^{nd}$, calculate representative values of each dish based on the adolescent' intake amount. $3^{rd}$, assign the recommended number of intake for each dish. Validity of the target pattern for Korean adolescent meal plan was examined by the energy content, energy contribution ratio, and NAR & INQ of nutrients. Results: The 11 dish groups categorized were bab; gook tang gigae; side dishes of meat, fish, egg, legume, kimchi, vegetable, seaweed; and between meal of fruit, and milk dairy product. Based on the representative energy values, recommended number of intake were assigned to each dish. For boys, bab and gook tang gigae: 3 each; meat, fish, egg, and legume: 1 each; kimchi and vegetable: 3 each; seaweed: 1; fruit and milk dairy product: 2 each were assigned. For girls, bab and gook tang gigae: 2 each; meat, fish, egg, and legume: choice of 3 dishes, 1 each; kimchi and vegetable: 3 each; seaweed: 1; fruit and milk dairy product: 2 each were assigned. Energy contents, energy contribution ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat for boys and girls were in adequate range. The NARs were 1.0 and INQs were ${\geq}1.0$ for all nutrients examined. Conclusions: Revised dish-based, instead of food-based adolescent target patterns for boys and girls were easier and a valid way of Korean adolescent meal planning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.615-620
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• 2002

In the case of immobilizing of glucose oxidase into polypyrrole (PPy) using electrosynthesis, the glucose oxidise (GOx) forms a coordinate bond with the polymers backbone. However, because of intrinsic insulation and net-chain of the enzyme, the charge transfer and mass transport are obstructed during the film growth. Therefore, the film growth is dull. We synthesized enzyme electrodes by electropolymerization added some organic solvent, such as ethanol and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The formative seeds of film growth was delayed by adding ethanol. The delay was induced by radical transfer between ethanol and pyrrole monomer. The radical transfer reactions shared the contribution of dopants between electrolyte anion and GOx polyanion. This led to increase amount of immobilized the enzyme in PPy. For the UV absorption spectra of synthetic solution before synthesis and after, in the case of ethanol added, the optical density was slightly decreased for the GOx peaks. It suggests amount of GOx in the solution was decreased and amount of GOx in the film was increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.155-165
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• 2013

The effect of gaseous ammonia direct injection on the engine performance and exhaust emissions in gasoline-ammonia dual fueled spark-ignition engine was investigated in this study. Results show that based on the gasoline contribution engine power increases as the ammonia injection timing and duration is advanced and increased, respectively. However, as the initial amount of gasoline is increased the maximum power output contribution from ammonia is reduced. For gasoline-ammonia, the appropriate injection timing is found to range from 320 BTDC at low loads to 370 BTDC at high loads and the peak pressures are slightly lower than that for gasoline due to the slow flame speed of ammonia, resulting in the reduction of combustion efficiency. The brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) for gasoline-ammonia has little difference compared to the BSEC for gasoline only. Ammonia direct injection causes slight reduction of $CO_2$ and CO for all presented loads but significantly increases HC due to the low combustion efficiency of ammonia. Also, ammonia direct injection results in both increased ammonia and NOx in the exhaust due to formation of fuel NOx and ammonia slip.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 1999

The effects of EGR and premixedness on NO formation have been numerically investigated. The flame structure is classified into three categories; premixed flame($=1)$, rich/lean premixed flame(${\alpha}=0.6$ and 0.8) and diffusion flame(${\alpha}=0$). NO formation/destruction mechanisms are assorted to thermal, reburn and Fenimore mechanisms. The temperature of unburned gas is arranged to 298 and 500 K to have access to the condition in a real internal combustion engine. The results show that all three NO formation/destruction reaction rates in the fuel rich flame zone could be decreased by EGR for rich/lean premixed flames, while those in the fuel lean flame zone are not significantly changed. Near the stagnation plane, however, only the thermal NO reaction rate is decreased. The contribution of reburn and Fenimore mechanisms for the net NO production becomes less significant as the premixedness of a flame increases. The larger amount of NO reduction with EGR is expected under the higher temperature and/or higher fuel/air premixedness conditions due to the increased contribution of the thermal mechanism. The role of Fenimore and reburn mechanisms could be important for rich premixed and diffusion flames; therefore, the effect of EGR on NO reduction could vary with fuel/air premixedness. The premixedness of a partially premixed flame changes the flame structure and could affect the NO production characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.199-201
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• 2002

Cancer therapy using high-energy $^{12}$ C ions is successfully under way at HIMAC, Japan. An alternative beam to $^{12}$ C is $^{11}$ C ions. The merit of $^{11}$ C over $^{12}$ C is its capability for monitoring spatial distribution of the irradiated $^{11}$ C by observing the $\beta$$^{+}$ decay with a good position resolution. One of the several problems to be solved before its use for therapy is the amount of nuclear interaction that deteriorates the dose concentration owing to the Bragg curve. Utilizing the dedicated secondary beam course for R&D studies at HIMAC, we measured the total energy loss of $^{11}$ C ions in a scintillator block that simulates the soft tissue in human bodies. In addition to the total absorption $^{11}$ C peak, non-negligible bump-shaped contribution is observed in the energy spectrum. The origin of the bump contribution can be nuclear interaction of the incident $^{11}$ C ions with hydrogen and carbon atoms. Further studies to reduce the ambiguity in dose distribution are mentioned.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1056-1063
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• 2007

Recently, there has been a growing consumer interest in the amount of noise produced by household electrical appliances. The designer of the product must identify the source of the noise, in order to reduce the noise. In the case of a household electric appliance such as the washing machine, there is consumer's complaint about the noise that is generated during the dehydrating condition. Because of several noise sources combined each other. It is difficult to identify the noise sources that contribute to the noise output. Multi-Dimensional Spectral Analysis (MDSA) is a method that can remove the correlation between different noise sources, and it expresses the key contributing factor as a unique output. This study utilized MDSA to analyze the contribution of each input in the noise output during the dehydrating condition.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2018

Massive stars blow powerful stellar winds throughout their evolutionary stages from the main sequence to Wolf-Rayet phases. The amount of mechanical energy deposited in the interstellar medium by the wind from a massive star can be comparable to the explosion energy of a core-collapse supernova that detonates at the end of its life. In this study, we estimate the kinetic energy deposition by massive stars in our Galaxy by considering the integrated Galactic initial mass function and modeling the stellar wind luminosity. The mass loss rate and terminal velocity of stellar winds during the main sequence, red supergiant, and Wolf-Rayet stages are estimated by adopting theoretical calculations and observational data published in the literature. We find that the total stellar wind luminosity due to all massive stars in the Galaxy is about ${\mathcal{L}}_w{\approx}1.1{\times}10^{41}erg\;s^{-1}$, which is about 1/4 of the power of supernova explosions, ${\mathcal{L}}_{SN}{\approx}4.8{\times}10^{41}erg\;s^{-1}$. If we assume that ~ 1 - 10 % of the wind luminosity could be converted to Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) through collisonless shocks such as termination shocks in stellar bubbles and superbubbles, colliding-wind shocks in binaries, and bow-shocks of massive runaway stars, stellar winds might be expected to make a significant contribution to GCR production, though lower than that of supernova remnants.