• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.323-325
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• 1995

An Inductively Coupled Plasma(ICP) was employed to prepare the Diamond-Like Carbon film with $CH_4$ gas. We observed the changes of mechanical, optical properties and internal stress of the films according to the variation of discharge power and negative-self bias. When weak magnetic field is applied, the properties of film are observed to change drastically. In magnetized case, the micro-hardness and the internal stress increase up to critical point and droped down in marked contrast to unmagnetized case. It suggests that large amount of ion flux exists due to high dissociation rate of the reactive radicals in plasma with magnetic field as reported elsewhere. As a result of FT-IR absorption measurement it could be confirmed that the $CH_x$ bonding and the micro-hardness and the internal stress decreased with the increase of negative-self bias.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.59-62
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• 2009

In order to check the validation of LC simulation, 0.7 inch LCOS panel in full-HD resolution was fabricated and used for the electro-optical measurement. Compared the measured data with the calculated data, the averaged difference was 1.72% under 0 ~ +6 V bias on pixel electrode. To improve the optical characteristics of full-HD LCOS panel, the planar structure and trench structures (0.1 um, 0.2 um and 0.3 um-in-depth) between adjacent pixels were investigated with LC simulation. The planar structure showed the higher reflectance and faster reflectance-voltage response time than the trench structure. The optical fill factor and contrast ratio of planar structure were also higher than those of trench structures. As compared 1 um-in-depth trench structure resembled to the real structure with the planar structure, the optical fill factor was improved by 1.15% and the contrast ratio was improved by 5.26%. In order to minimize the loss of luminance and contrast ratio, the planar structure need to be applied between adjacent pixels.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.299-303
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• 2008

In this study, an uncertainty assessment for surface air temperature(T2m) and precipitation(PCP) over East Asia is carried out. The data simulated by the intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) Atmosphere-Ocean coupled general circulation Model (AOGCM) are used to assess the uncertainty. Examination of the seasonal uncertainty of T2m and PCP variabilities shows that spring-summer cold bias and fall warm bias of T2m are found over both East Asia and the Korea peninsula. In contrast, distinctly summer dry bias and winter-spring wet bias of PCP over the Korea peninsula is found. To investigate the PCP seasonal variability over East Asia, the cyclostationary empirical orthogonal function(CSEOF) analysis is employed. The CSEOF analysis can extract physical modes (spatio-temporal patterns) and their undulation (PC time series) of PCP, showing the evolution of PCP. A comparison between spatio-temporal patterns of observed and modeled PCP anomalies shows that positive PCP anomalies located in northeastern China (north of Korea) of the multi-model ensemble(MME) cannot explain properly the contribution to summer monsoon rainfalls across Korea and Japan. The uncertainty of modeled PCP indicates that there is disagreement between observed and MME anomalies. The spatio-temporal deviation of the PCP is significantly associated with lower- and upper-level circulations. In particular, lower-level moisture transports from the warm pool of the western Pacific and corresponding moisture convergence significantly contribute to summer rainfalls. These lower- and upper-level circulations physically consistent with PCP give a insight of the reason why differences between modeled and observed PCP occur.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2018

This research addresses the improvement of tribo-systems, specifically regarding the reduction of friction and wear through tribo-coupling between tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) with different types of counterpart materials, namely bearing steel (SUJ2), tungsten carbide (WC), stainless steel (SUS304), and alumina ($Al_2O_3$). A second variable in this project is the utilization of different values of duct bias voltage in the deposition of the ta-C coating - 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 V. The results of this research are expected to determine the optimum duct bias and best counter materials associated with ta-C to produce the lowest friction and wear. Results obtained reveal that the tribo-couple between the ta-C coating and SUJ2 balls produces the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate. In terms of duct bias changes, deposition using 5 V produces the most optimum tribological behavior with lowest friction and wear on the tribo-system. In contrast, the tribo-couple between ta-C with a WC ball causes penetration through the coating surface layer and hence high surface delamination. This study demonstrates that the most effective ta-C coating duct bias is 5 V associated with SUJ2 counter material to produce the lowest friction and wear.

• 분석과학
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2018

연구자들은 지문 증강 기법에 대한 효과성을 비교하기 위하여 시각적인 판단기준을 이용해왔다. 그러나 시각적인 판단기준은 연구자의 주관적 판단이기 때문에 편향이 생길 수 있다. 따라서 많은 연구자들은 Contrast Index를 이용하여 지문 증강 기법에 대해 객관적인 판단을 하고자 하였다. 하지만 선행연구에서는 잉크지문 또는 정색반응을 통해 현출한 지문에서만 Contrast Index를 검증했다는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Contrast Index를 이용하여 표준지문의 농담에 따라 색지별 형광지문의 증강 정도를 비교하였다. Contrast Index의 값은 표준지문의 농담, 배경의 색, 사용 시약 및 광원에 따라 같은 표준지문을 이용하였음에도 각기 다른 값을 나타내었고, 수치 비교를 통하여 배경의 색, 사용 시약 및 광원에 따른 형광지문의 증강 정도를 비교할 수 있었다. 시각적 평가기준을 이용하였을 때에는 시약과 광원에 상관없이 같은 최고점의 점수를 얻은 것과 달리 Contrast Index값을 이용한 본 연구에서는 좀 더 세세한 점수 비교를 할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 Contrast Index를 이용하여 형광시약의 증강 정도를 비교한다면 배경색에 따라 광원과 시약을 선택하는 판단 근거로 사용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.497-497
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• 2013

Semiconducting amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) has attracted significant research attention as improved deposition techniques have made it possible to make high-quality a-IGZO thin films. IGZO thin films have several advantages over thin film transistors (TFTs) based on other semiconducting channel layers.The electron mobility in IGZO devices is relatively high, exceeding amorphous Si (a-Si) by a factor of 10 and most organic devices by a factor of $10^2$. Moreover, in contrast to other amorphous semiconductors, highly conducting degenerate states can be obtained with IGZO through doping, yet such a state cannot be produced with a-Si. IGZO thin films are capable of mobilities greaterthan 10 $cm^2$/Vs (higher than a-Si:H), and are transparent at visible wavelengths. For oxide semiconductors, carrier concentrations can be controlled through oxygen vacancy concentration. Hence, adjusting the oxygen partial pressure during deposition and post-deposition processing provides an effective method of controlling oxygen concentration. In this study, we deposited IGZO thinfilms at optimized conditions and then analyzed the film's electrical properties, surface morphology, and crystal structure. Then, we explored how to generate IGZO thin films using DC magnetron sputtering. We also describe the construction and characteristics of a bottom-gate-type TFT, including the output and transfer curves and bias stress instability mechanism.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2010

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography using 13.5 nm wavelengths is expected to be adopted as a mass production technology for 32 nm half pitch and below. One of the new issues introduced by EUV lithography is the shadowing effect. Mask shadowing is a unique phenomenon caused by using mirror-based mask with an oblique incident angle of light. This results in a horizontal-vertical (H-V) biasing effect and ellipticity in the contact hole pattern. To minimize the shadowing effect, a refilled mask is an available option. The concept of refilled mask structure can be implemented by partial etching into the multilayer and then refilling the trench with an absorber material. The simulations were carried out to confirm the possibility of application of refilled mask in 32 nm line-and-space pattern under the condition of preproduction tool. The effect of sidewall angle in refilled mask is evaluated on image contrast and critical dimension (CD) on the wafer. We also simulated the effect of refilled absorber thickness on aerial image, H-V CD bias, and overlapping process window. Finally, we concluded that the refilled absorber thickness for minimizing shadowing effect should be thinner than etched depth.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.564-571
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• 2014

Rotor initial position is an important factor affecting the control performance of electrically excited synchronous motors. This study presents a novel method for estimating rotor initial position based on sliding discrete Fourier transform (sDFT). By injecting an ac excitation into the rotor winding, an induced voltage is generated in stator windings. Through this voltage, the stator flux can be obtained using a pure integral voltage model. Considering the influence from a dc bias and an integral initial value, we adopt the sDFT to extract the fundamental flux component. A quadrant identification model is designed to realize the accurate estimation of the rotor initial position. The sDFT and high-pass filter, DFT, are compared in detail, and the contrast between dc excitation and ac injection is determined. Simulation and experimental results verify that this type of novel method can eliminate the influence of dc bias and other adverse factors, as well as provide a basis for the control of motor drives.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.177-190
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• 2021

랜덤포레스트는 여러 의사결정나무 모형들을 융합하여 안정성과 예측력을 높여주기 때문에 종종 사용되는 방법이다. 예측력을 증가시키는 반면 해석의 용이성을 희생하기 때문에 이를 보상하기 위해 변수의 중요도를 제공한다. 변수의 중요도는 랜덤포레스트를 구축할 때 변수가 얼마나 중요한 역할을 하는지를 알려 준다. 그러나 어떤 예측변수가 다른 예측변수들과 상관되어 있을 때 기존 알고리즘의 변수중요도는 왜곡될 수 있다. 상관된 예측변수들의 하향 편향은 예측변수의 중요도를 실제 중요도보다 낮게 측정하게 한다. 우리는 기존 알고리즘을 수정하여 상관 예측변수의 하향 편향을 회복하는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘의 성능은 모의 자료에 의해 증명되고 실제 자료에 의해 설명된다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.214-226
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• 2023

A transfer alignment is used to initialize, align, and calibrate a SINS(Slave INS) using a MINS(Master INS) in motion. This paper presents an airborne transfer alignment with velocity and azimuth matching to estimate inertial sensor biases under the wing flexure influence. This study also considers the lever arm, time delay and relative orientation between MINS and SINS. The traditional transfer alignment only uses velocity matching. In contrast, this paper utilizes the azimuth matching to prevent divergence of the azimuth when the aircraft is stationary or quasi-stationary since the azimuth is less affected by the wing flexibility. The performance of the proposed Kalman filter is analyzed using two factors; one is the estimation performance of gyroscope and accelerometer bias and the other is comparing aircraft dynamics and attitude covariance. The performance of the proposed filter is verified using a long term flight test. The test results show that the proposed scheme can be effectively applied to various platforms that require airborne transfer alignment.