• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2013

Let $(class{\mathcal{A}})^*$ denotes the class of operators satisfying ${\mid}T^2{\mid}{\geq}{\mid}T^*{\mid}^2$. In this paper, we show that the spectrum is continuous on $(class{\mathcal{A}})^*$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06d
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• pp.262-264
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• 2012

Dynamic spectrum access and cognitive radio is a viable solution to solve congestion in ISM band. The dynamic environment of multi-channel wireless LAN is modeled by using continuous time Markov process. Bayes theorem is applied to infer channel access decisions dynamically to ensure current data transmission is switched to only likely candidate channels.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

Cognitive radio is a technology, which automatically recognizes and searches for temporally and spatially unused frequency spectrum, then actively determines the communication method, bandwidth, etc. according to the environment, thus utilizing the limited spectrum resources efficiently. In this paper, with the imperfect sensing of misdetection and false alarm, we quantitatively investigate the effects of primary and secondary user's queue on the primary and secondary users' spectrum usage through the analysis of continuous time Markov Chain. With the queue primary user's spectrum usage improved up to 18%, and the secondary user's spectrum usage improved up to 50%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2013

Neutron spectrum analyses of spallation neutrons are conducted in the accelerator-driven system (ADS) facility at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA). High-energy protons (100 MeV) obtained from the fixed field alternating gradient accelerator are injected onto a tungsten target, whereby the spallation neutrons are generated. For neutronic characteristics of spallation neutrons, the reaction rates and the continuous energy distribution of spallation neutrons are measured by the foil activation method and by an organic liquid scintillator, respectively. Numerical calculations are executed by MCNPX with JENDL/HE-2007 and ENDF/B-VI libraries to evaluate the reaction rates of activation foils (bismuth and indium) set at the target and the continuous energy distribution of spallation neutrons set in front of the target. For the reaction rates by the foil activation method, the C/E values between the experiments and the calculations are found around a relative difference of 10%, except for some reactions. For continuous energy distribution by the organic liquid scintillator, the spallation neutrons are observed up to 45 MeV. From these results, the neutron spectrum information on the spallation neutrons generated at the target are attained successfully in injecting 100 MeV protons onto the tungsten target.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 1970

The spectrum of continuous transfer operator arising in a time-energy dependent neutron transport equation is analyzed. Four theorems concerning on the spectrum are proved. A convolution theorem of the generalized Mellin energy transform is given. Also the completeness theorem necessary for a final solution is proved. A unique time decay constant 1 - c is found, which is dominant asymptotically.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3E
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• pp.89-94
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• 2006

For audio indexing and targeted search of specific audio or corresponding visual contents, the MPEG-7 standard has adopted a sound classification framework, in which dimension-reduced Audio Spectrum Projection (ASP) features are used to train continuous hidden Markov models (HMMs) for classification of various sounds. The MPEG-7 employs Principal Component Analysis (PCA) or Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for the dimensional reduction. Other well-established techniques include Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT). In this paper we compare the performance of different dimensional reduction methods with Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and HMMs in the classifying video sound clips.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-115
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• 2000

Wavelet transforms are introduced as a new tool to distinguish real peaks from the noise contaminated NMR data in this paper. New algorithms of two wavelet transforms including Daubechies wavelet transform as a discrete and orthogonal wavelet transform (DWT) and Morlet wavelet transform as a continuous and nonorthogonal wavelet transform(CWT) were developed fer noise elimination. DWT and CWT method were successfully applied to the noise reduction in spectrum. The inevitable distortion of NMR spectral baseline and the imperfection in noise elimination were observed in DWT method while CWT method gives a better baseline ahape and a well noise suppressed spectrum.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.107-114
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• 2000

Rollers and rolls in the continuous process systems are noes of key components that determine the quality of web products. The condition of rollers and rolls(ex. eccentricity wear) should be consistently monitored in order to maintain the process conditions (ex. tension, edge position) within a required specification. In this paper, a new diagnosis technique is suggested to detect the defect of rollers/rolls (ex. eccentricity, wear) based on frequency domain analysis of web tension signal. The kernel of this technique is to use the spectrum amplitude of tension signal which allows to identify the fault rollers/rolls and to also diagnose the degree of fault in corresponding rollers and rolls. The experimental results proved that the suggested diagnosis technique can be successfully used to identify the defect rollers and rolls as well as to diagnose the degree of the defect of those rollers. The suggested technique can be applied to monitor and diagnose the shape of rollers and rolls in various multi-span web transport systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1616-1616
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• 2001

To select kernels for breeding that have required constituent content from either naturally distributed samples or artificially mutated ones, it is necessary to process batch samples in a short time. The constituent content of single-kernel grains such as wheat and rice has been determined using conventional bench type NIR instruments; however, it takes a lot of time and effort. Shizuoka Seiki (Fukuroi-city, Japan) and NFRI (National Food Research Institute) of MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, forestry and Fisheries of Japan) have jointly developed a continuous high-speed single-kernel brown rice sorting machine based on rice protein content. It consists of several sections such as a feeding mechanism, measuring unit, sorting mechanism and controlling PC. The feeding mechanism picks up single-kernel brown rice from the hopper (maximum of 5kg storage capacity) and sends it to the measuring unit. A spectrum of the brown rice is obtained in the measuring unit, which consists of a near-infrared array sensor. The brown rice is then sorted in the sorting mechanism based on its protein content estimated by the controlling PC. In the present study, measuring speed was approximately 500ms for the full spectrum range and overall sorting speed was approximately 2.8s for one kernel. Accuracy of estimation was approximately SEP=0.5% of dry matter protein content for nonglutinous rice.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.103-118
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• 1996

변형된 Maxwell 모델을 모의 데이터와 폴리스티렌의 동적 실험 데이터인 G＇과 G ＂에 적용하여 연속 완화시간 스펙트럼을 결정하였고, Maxwell 모델을 사용했을 때 얻어지 는 불연속 완화시간 스펙트럼과 비교하였다. MGMM과 GMM 모두 선형회귀 방법과 비선 형회귀 방법을 사용하여 완화시간 스펙트럼을 결정하였는데 비선형 방법을 사용했을 때 선 형방법에 비해 좀 더 만족스러운 결과를 얻을수 있었다. 모의 데이터의 경우 사용한 완화시 간의 수가 많은 경우에는 MGMM과 GMM 모두 원래의 스펙트럼을 잘 재현했으나 완화시 간의 수가 작은 경우에는 MGMM이 GMM에 비해 원래의 완화시간 스펙트럼을 보다 잘 나 타내었다. 또 단분산성폴리스티렌의 경우 MGMM과 GMM의 완화시간 스펙트럼이 모두 작 은 완화시간 영역에서는 분자량에 무관했고 큰 완화시간 영역에서는 분자량이 커질수록 스 펙트럼이 완화시간이 커지는 쪽으로 이동하였다. 또 두드러진 terminal 완화시간을 볼수 있 었다. 그러나 다분산성 폴리스티렌의 경우에는 단분산성의 경우와는 달리 두드러진 terminal 완화시간을 볼수 없었다. 그리고 MGMM의 파라미터 m은 분자량 분포에 크게 의존함을 알 수 있었으며 연속 완화시간 스펙트럼에서 계산된 불연속 완화시간 스펙트럼이 GMM에서 얻어진 불연속 완화시간 스펙트럼과 잘 일치함을 볼수 있었다.