• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 1986

Sacch. cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus 균주를 이용산업용 천연맥즙배지를 사용한 알콜연속 발효시 Hollow Fiber Recycle Reactor를 of용 Cell Recycle을 시켜 발효조내의 알콜 생산성을 높이기 위해 본 실험을 실시하였으며, 특히 Batch식과 연속발효시 HFR유무에 따른 특성을 비교 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 Dilution rate가 0.1h$^{-1}$일때 11$^{\circ}$P 및 15$^{\circ}$P media를 이용한 알콜 연속발효에서 알콜농도는4.71% 및 5.82%(v/v) 이었으며 이때의 발효율은 각각 86.2%와 78.6 % 이었다. 2. HFR연속발효에서 D=0.1h$^{-1}$일때 알콜농도는 7.64% (v/v)로 높았으며, 이때의 생산성은 6.1g/l/h이었다. 또한 D=0.2h$^{-1}$일때 알콜농도와 생산성은 각각 7.62%(v/v) 및 12.2g/l/h/이었다. 3. HFR연속발효에서 D=0.3h$^{-1}$일때 알콜농도가 7.54% (v/v) 이었으며 알콜생산성은 18.1g/l/h 이었다. 4 알콜 생산성 비교에서 HFR 연속발효는 연속발효에 비해 4배의 증가효과가 있었으며 Batch발효에 비해서는 16.3배나 크게 증가하였다.

• Architectural research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2011

This study notices that all religions in Central Asia from the fourth century through seventh century C.E. provided considerable hands in keeping a uniform unity through a process of assimilation, although art and architecture were greatly stimulated by the creative genius of the many people. The study thus intends to argue that the common ideas of rituals and primitive forms of religious shrines lead the square-based layout of Buddhist shrines the unity and universality in the architectural products of particular regions or epochs: i.e. the "square-based plan" in Buddhist temples of Central Asia was a significant prototype in the synthesis with pre-Buddhist architectural models and Buddhist universal ideas. Thus, this thesis notes that they did not lose the universal principles of the Buddhist shrine plans due to ritual functions, and even there have been never differences from pre-Buddhist building models remarked by the periods and the venues in which they were produced, although there had been continuous evolutions and adaptive transformations in the local tastes of religious architecture. Accordingly, this study discusses how such plans in Buddhist architecture had been consistently produced within that regional style also representative of the local idioms of architecture, and how they were adopted in the sites, founded on the composition of ritual functions. The foreign architectural cultures were selectively chosen getting along with local building types of each site according to each taste for architecture as a result.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2008

Swertia chirata is an endangered gentian species that prefers to grow at higher altitudes. This ethnomedicinal herb is known primarily for its bitter taste caused by the presence of important phytochemicals that are directly associated with human health benefits. Due to a continuous loss of habitat and inherent problems of seed viability and seed germination, alternative strategies for propagation and conservation are urgently required to prevent the possible extinction of this species. We have formulated a reproducible protocol for the rapid propagation and conservation of this plant using leaves taken from in vitro shoot cultures. Direct induction of more than seven shoot buds per explant was achieved for the first time when the explants were placed on MS medium supplemented with $2.22{\mu}M$ N-6-benzyladenine, $11.6{\mu}M$ kinetin, and $0.5{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}-naphthalene$ acetic acid. Direct organogenesis was noted exclusively from the adaxial surface of the basal segments of leaves. Leaves closer to the apical meristem were more responsive than those farther away from the meristem. Plants raised through direct organogenesis were evaluated for their clonal fidelity by chromosomal analysis and DNA fingerprinting. Complete plants were successfully transferred to the field condition and produced viable seeds. Given the enormous potential of this age-old medicinal plant in terms of potential health-benefitting drugs, this protocol can be used for commercial propagation purposes and to initiate future genetic improvement studies.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2013

Purpose: To identify the frequency of bacterial isolates in early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methods: A retrospective study of EONS was conducted at the Beni Suef University Hospital from September 2008 to September 2012. A case of EONS was defined as an infant who had clinical signs of infection or who was born to a mother with risk factors for infection, and in whom blood culture obtained within 72 hours of life grew a bacterial pathogen. Results: Of 673 neonates screened, there were 138 positive blood cultures (20.5%) (confirmed EONS). Of the recovered isolates, 86.2% were gram-negative pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae (42.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (22.5%), and Escherichia coli (13.8%) were the commonest isolated organisms. The most common gram-positive microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus accounting for only 12 isolates (8.7%). All Klebsiella isolates and 93% of Enterobacter isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Gram-negative pathogens had the maximum overall sensitivity to imipenem, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin; whereas, gram-positive isolates were most susceptible to vancomycin, imipenem, and piperacillin. Conclusion: K. pneumoniae was the predominant causative bacteria of EONS followed by E. cloacae and E. coli. There was a high resistance to ampicillin. Imipenem had the maximum overall activity against the causative bacteria. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor the changing epidemiology of pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.880-886
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• 2015

Bacterial heme was produced from a genetic-engineered Escherichia coli via the porphyrin pathway and it was useful as an iron resource for animal feed. The amount of the E. coli-synthesized heme, however, was only few milligrams in a culture broth and it was not enough for industrial applications. To analyze heme biosynthetic pathways, an engineered E. coli artificially overexpressing ALA synthase (hemA from Rhodobacter sphaeroides) and pantothenate kinase (coaA gene from self geneome) was constructed as a bacterial heme-producing strain, and both the transcription levels of pathway genes and the intermediates concentrations were determined from batch and continuous cultures. Transcription levels of the pathway genes were not significantly changed among the tested conditions. Intracellular intermediate concentrations indicated that aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and coenzyme A (CoA) were enhanced by the hemA-coaA co-expression. Intracellular coproporphyrinogen I and protoporphyrin IX accumulation suggested that the bottleneck steps in the heme biosynthetic pathway could be the spontaneous conversion of HMB to coproporphyrinogen I and the limited conversion of protoporphyrin IX to heme, respectively. A strategy to increase the conversion of ALA to heme is discussed based on the results.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 1999

A highly productive fed-batch fermentation process was developed for the production of L-ornithine by using a new stabilized strain, Breviabcterium ketoglutamicum BK52. Fed-batch cultures with a continuous feeding of the complex medium were conducted on various operating conditions. The optimal concentration of phosphate in the complex medium was 2.1g/L. The optimal feeding rate of L-arginine was 0.028g/L/hr. The optimal feeding point of the complex medium was determined to be at 40 OD of the cell mass. The final L-ornithine concentrations within 64hrs of cultivation in 5 and 50 liter fermenters were 73g/L and 71g/L, respectively. The maximum overall L-ornithine productivity was 1.14g/L/hr which was about 2 times higher than that of the conventional fed-batch culture with intermittent feeding. The overall productivity of the fermentation system is remarkably improved by employing the optimized conditions, and it offers a significant potential for industrial application.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2010

Globalization describes a process by which regional cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication. In order to communicate among different cultural groups, standardization of terminology is one of the most important steps among its processes. In the field of oriental medicine, there have been continuous efforts to communicate through various methods. Translation of oriental medical classics is one of the significant approaches in terms of transmitting medical theories and clinical experiences of thousands of years to the people of different cultural backgrounds. However, previous translation studies have had difficulties in delivering its underlying principles and assumptions due to lack of standardization of terminology. "WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region(WHO-IST)" is the outcome of developing standard terminologies on oriental medicine based on mutual agreement of researchers of Korea, China and Japan. As a movement to find more efficient methodology for communication between heterogeneous communities, this study aims to translate parts of "Classic of difficult issues(難經)" into English adopting "WHO-IST" hoping to set a model of translation study.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 1981

녹두 돌연변이계통의 갈색무늬병에 대한 저항성검정을 위하여 접종실험에 필요한 다량의 분생포자를 얻을 수 있는 배양조건 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 갈색무늬병균의 분생포자 형성에 적합한 배지는 기주식물조직배지인 녹두엽즙배지였으며 약 2500Lux의 형광조사는 분생포자 형성을 촉진시켰다. 2. 배양기상의 기중균사 거는 분생포자 형성을 현저히 증가시켜 OA배지에서도 MOA에서와 같은 량의 많은 분생포자 형성이 가능하였다. 3. 포자형성의 최적조건은 색소생성 및 균사장의 최적조건과 일치하지 않는 것으로 보였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.529-537
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• 2009

Drug-resistant tuberculosis in children has important implications for both the patients and tuberculosis control programs. In Korea, among all new patients, the isoniazid resistance rate was 9.9% and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate was 2.7% in 2004 (in patients aged 10-19 yr, the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate reached 2.1%). Tuberculosis in pediatric patients is difficult to diagnose because many children have nonspecific clinical signs and the detection rates of acid-fast bacilli smears and cultures are low. Therefore, every effort should be made to identify adult sources and obtain information on drug susceptibility because symptomatic adult patients have a higher chance of culture positivity and drug-susceptibility patterns are the same in most adult-child pair patients. Korean children are at significant risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis. As the isoniazid resistance rate is greater than 4% among the new cases in Korea, a four-drug regimen should be considered for initial treatment of children with active tuberculosis, unless drug-susceptibility test results are available. Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children is challenging and there are only few available data. Tuberculosis control programs should be continuous with specific focus on pediatric populations because they can serve as reservoirs for future active cases. Further studies are needed regarding treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.700-707
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• 2010

Effects of protease-resistant antimicrobial substances (PRA) produced by Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc citreum on rumen methanogenesis were examined using the in vitro continuous methane quantification system. Four different strains of lactic acid bacteria, i) Lactococcus lactis ATCC19435 (Control, non-antibacterial substances), ii) Lactococcus lactis NCIMB702054 (Nisin-Z), iii) Lactobacillus plantarum TUA1490L (PRA-1), and iv) Leuconostoc citreum JCM9698 (PRA-2) were individually cultured in GYEKP medium. An 80 ml aliquot of each supernatant was inoculated into phosphate-buffered rumen fluid. PRA-1 remarkably decreased cumulative methane production, though propionate, butyrate and ammonia N decreased. For PRA-2, there were no effects on $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ production and fermentation characteristics in mixed rumen cultures. The results suggested that PRA-1 reduced the number of methanogens or inhibited utilization of hydrogen in rumen fermentation.