• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.97-121
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• 2011

This study aims to examine how motivational constructs are interrelated with social, context-specific factors and, as a result, contribute to L2 writing achievement within the framework of self-determination theory. The data consisted of 67 Korean college students' questionnaire responses, final scores in an on-offline blended writing course, and qualitative interviews with 5 students. In the descriptive and the correlation analyses, the participants' extrinsic motivation was found higher than intrinsic motivation, with low amotivation. Among social factors, immersion environment, foreign instructor, and peer comparison marked high scores, whereas Korean instructor and online material gained low scores. Those contextual factors were interrelated with each other, such that the immersion factor correlated significantly with Korean instructor and peer comparison. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivational subscales engendered strong correlations with the high-scored social factors, i.e., immersion, foreign instructor, and peer comparison, which were also closely interrelated with L2 writing achievement. The findings illuminate intricate workings of motivation in its effects on L2 achievement and corroborate the roles of contextual factors. The effect of motivational subscales on achievement may be valid through interplay with some social factors. The dynamics of motivation is discussed for pedagogical applications.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.87-108
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• 2007

Given that various classroom contextual factors influence the nature of writing instructional practices, it would be worthwhile to explore these factors to generate better environment for learning to write. Among many factors, this study examined teachers' beliefs and knowledge, which would operate as a very influential contextual factor in that changes in principles and methods of teaching writing would be the results of their underlying beliefs and knowledge related to teaching writing. Three professional teachers who teach second- and third-grade English language learners (ELLs) were interviewed, and the analysis of teacher interviews was conducted. The research findings indicated that basically all of the teachers perceived the role of writing in second language learning as very important, sharing the belief that the ultimate goal of teaching writing is to have their students gain fluency in writing and that some of instructional methods such as integration of writing and other language aspects, content-based writing, and providing scaffolding are important. In addition, some beliefs that two ESL teachers shared included the importance of ample and continuous opportunities to write, vocabulary knowledge, and explicit instruction about writing. Other beliefs, including the importance of creating a comfortable writing environment and opportunities for writing for varied purposes and genres were represented.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.541-552
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• 2022

This research examines the effects of organizational learning and network involvement, as well as many contextual factors, on power generation businesses' innovation capability and operational success in Vietnam. This research also aims to attest to the moderating roles of top management support and company age, and firm possession type in the power generation industry. This study applied the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and PLS-SEM approach for data analysis. In this research, we have tested hypotheses with data collected from 132 top managers and other key personnel from power generation companies in Vietnam. The results also attest to the moderating role of top management support on the two relationships between organizational learning - innovation capability and network involvement - innovation capability. Another important finding is that the company age has a negative impact on operational performance but shows a positive moderating role in the relationship between innovation capability and operational performance. This study highlights the central roles of organizational learning and innovation capability in impacting the organizational performance of power generation companies. These companies play a key role in supporting the development of industries in practice. This research also emphasizes the moderating roles of top management support and company age and possession type in practice.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1279-1291
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• 2000

The main objectives of this study were to analyze the concept of hope, so to provide basic data to develop a valid instrument to measure hope, and to develop hope enhancing nursing intervention a program for cancer patients. The hybrid model approach was applied in three phases, the theoretical phase, the empirical phase, and the analytic phase. The study was developed on universal attributes explaining generalized hope and specific hope, which were revealed in a comprehensive review of the literature. In the empirical phase, eight cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were interviewed to reveal causes, motivation, and their resource of hope according to The Hope Assessment Guide (Farren, Herth, & Popovich, 1995). In the analytical phase, the results of the two previous stages of the study were compared. The results were as follows : In the theoretical phase, six dimensions of hope emerged; affective, cognitive, behavioral, affiliative, temporal and contextual dimension. The antecedent of hope was loss, crisis, uncertainity, and stress. The consequences were renewal, development of new methods, safety, peace and transcendental competence. In the empirical phase, these six dimensions emerged as theoretical phases were verified and specified as these descriptive terms: feeling, intention, expectation, activity, relation, future- orientation, reality and goal-setting. The antecedent factor of hope was occurrence or recurrence of cancer. The consequence of hope was ability to cope with real condition, feeling of safety and comfort, peace, development of new strategy and recovery of disease. The major content of hope in this phase was related to specific hope, but it was also influenced on by general hope. In the analytic phase, general and specific hope was renamed as trait and state hope. All attributes emerged at the empirical phases, and also emerged at the theoretical phase. However, cognitive and contextual dimensions were revised and specified. In conclusion, the concept of hope is divided into trait hope and state hope, and state hope is an anticipatory expectation that occurs at the time of a stressful stimulus, such as being diagnosed with cancer. Hope is a multidimensional dynamic energized mental state which has the dimensions of affective, cognitive, behavioral, affiliative, temporal and contextual. There should be further studies to develope the state and trait hope scale according to definition and attributes of hope investigated in this study. In addition, considering results of the empirical phase, the family is very a important factor as a resource of hope, so it is necessary to consider family in implementing a nursing intervention program to enhance hope.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.199-215
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• 2015

이용자의 이미지요구 규명은 이미지 정보 서비스와 시스템 효율성 증진을 위해 필수적인 요소이다. 최근에는 이미지요구 분석에 있어서 다양한 맥락 요소를 접목하여 다층적인 관점에서 이미지요구를 규명하고자 하는 시도들이 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 최근 연구의 흐름과 맥을 같이 하며, 이용자의 이미지요구를 규명하기 위해서 총 70건의 이미지 검색 실패 사례를 분석하였다. 그 결과 이미지 검색 실패 사례에 나타난 이미지요구는 구체적, 일반적/지칭 가능한 요구가 주를 이루는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 선행 연구와 유사한 것으로써 검색 실패한 이미지요구의 특성으로 볼 수 있다. 또한 이미지요구에 배태된 맥락요소에 관한 분석결과를 살펴보면, 업무/과제의 목표와 이용목적에 관련된 맥락요소가 주를 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 이용목적의 맥락을 보다 상세하게 살펴보면, 일러스트레이션 이용목적이 높은 비중으로 나타났다. 이미지 검색 질의 특성은 고유어와 정련어의 쌍으로 분석할 때 고유어/정련어, 비고유어/정련어, 고유어/비정련어, 고유어/정련어 쌍 순서로 비중을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 검색 실패 이미지요구의 특성으로써 구체적이거나 일반적/지칭 가능한 요구이며 이는 비고유어/비정련어 쌍을 특징적으로 살펴볼 수 있다. 맥락의 관점에서는 목표 중심이며 일러스트레이션 이용목적이 주된 맥락 요소임을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 이미지 검색 시스템이나 서비스 개선을 위한 시사점이 될 수 있다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.763-777
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• 2013

본 연구는 통합을 실천하고 있는 두 학교의 사례를 통해 학교 차원의 통합 과학교육의 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 통합을 실천하고 있는 학교에서 일어나는 통합은 어떤 형태인지 그리고 일반 학교와 구별되는 그 학교의 상황 요소는 무엇인지를 수업 참관, 교사 면담, 학교교육계획서 수집, 수업 동영상 분석, 학생 결과물 수집과 같은 다중적인 방법을 사용하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 두 학교는 통합의 유형, 수준, 교사의 역할, 학생 활동에서 차이를 드러냈으며 이러한 차이가 다른 모습의 통합 과학교육 사례를 보여주었다. 둘째, 두 학교가 통합을 실천할 수 있게 한 학교 상황 요소가 있었다. 통합교육을 실천한 학교를 대상으로 한 선행 연구 결과와 비교했을 때 '리더십', '교사 팀의 협력활동', '교육계획을 위한 시간확보', '유동적인 시간운영', '지역사회와 연계'와 같은 유사한 학교 상황요소가 발견되었다. 그러나 두 학교의 사례에서는 통합을 기존의 안정적 성격의 교육적 시도가 아닌 보수적인 교사 문화를 극복하여 학교 교육의 혁신을 추구하는 것으로 보았다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 '보수적 문화극복/혁신 추구'를 새로운 학교 상황 요소로 제안하였다. 또한 두 학교는 안정적인 교사 관계를 형성하였으나 선행 연구에 비해 단기간에 대규모로 실시되었기 때문에 선행 연구에서 제안한 '소규모의 안정적인 학습 환경' 대신 '협력적 친밀한 관계'로 요소를 수정하였다.

• 경영과학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.129-147
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• 2004

Scenario analysis for strategic planning, unlike most forecasting methods, provides a qualitative, contextual description of how the present will evolve into the future. It normally tries to identify a set of possible futures, each of whose occurrence is plausible but not assured. In this paper, we propose the use of Cross Impact Analysis(CIA) approach for scenario generation about the future of Korean IT environments. In this analysis, we classified IT environments into technical, social, legislative, and economic factor. And various variables and events were defined in each factor. From the survey collected from IT related experts, we acquire probability of occurrence and compatibility estimates of every possible pairs of events as input. Then 2 phase analysis is used in order to choice events with high probability of occurrence and generate scenario. Finally, after CIA using Monte Carlo simulation, a detail scenario for 2010 was developed. These scenario drawn from the CIA approach is a result considered by cross impacts of various events.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined whether the quality of life of parents of children with cerebral palsy is affected by the functions, activities, participation, and environmental factors using an ICF-CY check list. Methods: This study recruited in 26 parents of children with cerebral palsy. The functions, activities, participation, and environmental factors of the children were evaluated using ICF-CY checklist. To measure the quality of life of parents, this study used world health organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), which was composed of a total of 26 questions. The GMFCS (gross motor function classification system) was used to assess the degree of disability in the children. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of the ICF-CY checklist on the quality of life. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlation between GMFCS and WHOQOL. Results: The functions, activities, participation, and environmental factors were significantly different from WHOQOL-BREF. On the other hand, the contextual factor showed a significant difference in the neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions (b7), and service, systems, and policies (e5)(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the functions and environmental factors affect the quality of life of parents of children with cerebral palsy. Therefore, these findings suggest that contextual factors, such as neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions (b7), and service, systems and policies (e5), which can be facilitators, should be considered for improving the quality of life of parents of children with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

The image analysis is an important and predominant task for classifying the different parts of the image. The analysis of complex image analysis like histopathological define a crucial factor in oncology due to its ability to help pathologists for interpretation of images and therefore various feature extraction techniques have been evolved from time to time for such analysis. Although deep reinforcement learning is a new and emerging technique but very less effort has been made to compare the deep learning and deep reinforcement learning for image analysis. The paper highlights how both techniques differ in feature extraction from complex images and discusses the potential pros and cons. The use of Convolution Neural Network (CNN) in image segmentation, detection and diagnosis of tumour, feature extraction is important but there are several challenges that need to be overcome before Deep Learning can be applied to digital pathology. The one being is the availability of sufficient training examples for medical image datasets, feature extraction from whole area of the image, ground truth localized annotations, adversarial effects of input representations and extremely large size of the digital pathological slides (in gigabytes).Even though formulating Histopathological Image Analysis (HIA) as Multi Instance Learning (MIL) problem is a remarkable step where histopathological image is divided into high resolution patches to make predictions for the patch and then combining them for overall slide predictions but it suffers from loss of contextual and spatial information. In such cases the deep reinforcement learning techniques can be used to learn feature from the limited data without losing contextual and spatial information.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

Background: A number of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases share impaired cognition as a common symptom. Therefore, the development of clinically applicable therapies to enhance cognition has yielded significant interest. Previously, we have shown that activation of lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs) via gintonin application potentiates synaptic transmission by the blockade of $K^+$ channels in the mature hippocampus. However, whether gintonin may exert any beneficial impact directly on cognition at the neural circuitry level and the behavioral level has not been investigated. Methods: In the current study, we took advantage of gintonin, a novel LPAR agonist, to investigate the effect of gintonin-mediated LPAR activation on cognitive performances. Hippocampus-dependent fear memory test, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal brain slices, and quantitative analysis on synaptic plasticity-related proteins were used. Results: Daily oral administration of gintonin for 1 wk significantly improved fear memory retention in the contextual fear-conditioning test in mice.We also found that oral administration of gintonin for 1 wk increased the expression of learning and memory-related proteins such as phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding (CREB) protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, prolonged gintonin administration enhanced long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that the systemic gintonin administration could successfully improve contextual memory formation at the molecular and synaptic levels as well as the behavioral level. Therefore, oral administration of gintonin may serve as an effective noninvasive, nonsurgical method of enhancing cognitive functions.