• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.66-79
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the effects of the educational context variables on 8th-grade science achievement of 5 top performing countries(Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan) in TIMSS 2015. TIMSS 2015 science data and questionnaire results were used for fitting Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) in this study. According to the results, such student-level variables as home resources for learning, students' interest in science learning, valuing science, Students' Educational Expectations gave significant influence on the science achievement of Korean students. School-level variables including Student Economic Background, and School Emphasis on Academic Success gave significant influence on the science achievement of Korean students. Comparing 5 countries, home resources for learning, students' interest in science learning, Students' Educational Expectations gave significant influence on the science achievement in all 5 countries. At the school level, Student Economic Background is statistically significant in explaining students' science achievement gap in all countries except Japan, and Teaching Limited by Student Needs gave significant influence on the science achievement in all countries except Korea. Discussed in the conclusion are ways to improve middle-school science teaching and learning including reducing the education divide among socioeconomic status, teaching innovation for competency education, inquiry and reinforcement of lab activities in science classes, and so on.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.2
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• pp.141-169
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• 1989

Most of the theories of collective bargaining outcomes start with a set of economic variables. The economic constraints, pressures, and incentives influence the bargaining power relationship between labor union and employer. In this paper, the critical macro and micro economic variables that need to be considered in analyzing the economic context of collective bargaining power relationship is outlined. The focus is on the role that economic forces play in shaping the results of bargaining, that is the outcome of negotiations. In this study, the elasticity of the demand for labor is introduced as one of the most important economic aspects that influence bargaining power. Unions will be most successful in increasing wages when they enjoy an inelastic demand for labor. If the demand for labor is not naturally inelastic, some institutional arrangement for "taking wages out of competition" must be sought. Inflation, business cycle, and income policy are influential in shaping both parties' goals and expectations as well. In addition to the analysis of the economic variables, the nature of power is diagonized with some introductory notions about its care and feeding before proceeding to the details of the above issues.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify how characteristics of children, parents, and the family context relate to parental disciplinary practices and to examine the effects of cumulative positive variables on effective parental disciplinary practices. Subjects were 220 each mothers and fathers of 6-year-old children. Data were analyzed with correlation, multiple regression, and chi-square. Both Maternal and paternal disciplinary practices were correlated with child birth order, child emotionality, attention span and persistence, perceived social support and quality of life, and retrospective punitive parenting. Perceived quality of life and social support were predictive of maternal disciplinary practices and child emotionality was predictive of paternal disciplinary practices. Both mothers and fathers exposed to several positive variables were much more likely to exhibit effective disciplinary practices than parents exposed to no positive variables. Findings were generally consistent with Belsky's(1984) process model of parenting.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2004

Conversational agent is a system that provides users with proper information and maintains the context of dialogue on the natural language. Analyzing and modeling process of user's query is essential to make it more realistic, for which Bayesian network is a promising technique. When experts design the network for a domain, the network is usually very complicated and is hard to be understood. The separation of variables in the domain reduces the size of networks and makes it easy to design the conversational agent. Composing Bayesian network as two stages, we aim to design conversational agent easily and analyze user's query in detail. Also, previous information of dialogue makes it possible to maintain the context of conversation. Actually implementing it for a guide of web pages, we can confirm the usefulness of the proposed architecture for conversational agent.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2011

The u-Healthcare system, a new paradigm, provides healthcare and medical service anytime, anywhere in daily life using wired and wireless networks. It only doesn't reach u-Hospital at home, to manage efficient personal health in fitness space, it is essential to feedback process through measuring and analyzing a personal vital signs. MBAN(Medical Body Area Network) is a core of this technology. MBAN, a new paradigm of the u-Healthcare system, can provide healthcare and medical service anytime, anywhere on real time in daily life using u-sensor networks. In this paper, an ontology-based context-awareness in MBAN proposed system development methodology. Accordingly, ontology-based context awareness system on MBAN to Elderly/severe patients/aged/, with measured respiratory rate/temperature/pulse and vital signs having small variables through u-sensor network in real-time, discovered abnormal signs and emergency situations which may happen to people at sleep or activity, alarmed and connected with members of a family or medical emergency alarm(Emergency Call) and 119 system to avoid sudden accidents for early detection. Therefore, We have proposed that accuracy of biological signal sensing and the confidence of ontology should be inspected.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2011

Context-aware computing aims to enable the on-line applications and services to be executed in a timely and automated manner. Many of such applications and services involve group-level interactions. For more smoothing communication within a community, specific group-level issues such as group dynamics must be considered. To do so, obtaining group-level contexts such as the role, conflict resolution and norms, are key ingredients to improve group performance. Since group context is not the same as a simple summation of individual context, as group is not just a simple set of individuals, awaring individual context is not sufficient for group-level communication support. However, context-aware computing research still has stressed more on individual context. This leads us to the motivation of searching for group context aware method. Hence, the of this paper is to propose a novel methodology which automatically recognizes group context. Especially, we focus on group conhesiveness in this paper just because group cohosiveness is one of the important variables to control the performance of group interaction. To verify the applicability of the proposed method, an empirical test has been conducted to compare the performance of the proposed methodology with that of conventional methods.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.312-320
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• 2012

In this study, we introduce a new design methodology of a granular-oriented self-organizing polynomial neural networks (GoSOPNNs) that is based on multi-layer perceptron with Context-based Polynomial Neurons (CPNs) or Polynomial Neurons (PNs). In contrast to the typical architectures encountered in polynomial neural networks (PNN), our main objective is to develop a methodological design strategy of GoSOPNNs as follows : (a) The 1st layer of the proposed network consists of Context-based Polynomial Neuron (CPN). In here, CPN is fully reflective of the structure encountered in numeric data which are granulated with the aid of Context-based Fuzzy C-Means (C-FCM) clustering method. The context-based clustering supporting the design of information granules is completed in the space of the input data while the build of the clusters is guided by a collection of some predefined fuzzy sets (so-called contexts) defined in the output space. (b) The proposed design procedure being applied at each layer of GoSOPNN leads to the selection of preferred nodes of the network (CPNs or PNs) whose local characteristics (such as the number of contexts, the number of clusters, a collection of the specific subset of input variables, and the order of the polynomial) can be easily adjusted. These options contribute to the flexibility as well as simplicity and compactness of the resulting architecture of the network. For the evaluation of performance of the proposed GoSOPNN network, we describe a detailed characteristic of the proposed model using a well-known learning machine data(Automobile Miles Per Gallon Data, Boston Housing Data, Medical Image System Data).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.519-529
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• 2020

Livelihood capitals have a clear influence on livelihood development. As for the livelihood results, it has been pointed out in the analysis of the poor households that the ability of people to escape poverty depends especially on the access to livelihood capitals. This study aims to analyze the impacts of livelihood capital on poverty among mountain people who depend on forests through human capital, social capital, natural capital, physical capital and financial capital. This research employs the model of binary regression function. Independent variables x1, x2, …, xn are targets of livelihood strategy, vulnerability context, and livelihood capitals. These variables were selected to be included in the original model with dependent variable Y as poor and non-poor households. This study surveys households living in upland areas, near forests, and households of ethnic minorities. The results show that,out of the poor household rate, nearly 4% are newly-poor households or those falling back into poverty. Therefore, the government needs to pay more attention to this disadvantaged group and implements policies such as education and training policies, credit support policies, policies to support forest development, and payment for forest environmental services in the context of emerging countries like Vietnam.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 2013

E-commerce market has been increasing rapidly, which reflects the convenience and economic benefits associated with its usage. Unlike the traditional markets, WOM (Word-of-Mouth) becomes more important because e-commerce consumers can't experience the real product in the purchase decision-making process. In this regard, identifying the influencing factors to WOM of internet e-commerce site is very important. In this paper, we aim to examine the effects of perceived and individual variables on WOM in the context of internet e-commerce site. In order to analyze the antecedents, we selected perceived and individual factors such as regret tendency scale, prior knowledge and merchandise attractiveness. In addition, we examined the role of gender as dummy and moderating variable. For empirical analysis, we surveyed real users of internet e-commerce site. As a result, all antecedents showed significant influence on WOM except regret tendency scale. Among the variables, the merchandise attractiveness has top standardized coefficient. Gender plays a role as moderating variable when only interacting with regret tendency scale. The results of this research can be useful guidelines for internet e-commerce providers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.63-64
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• 2023

Indoor Air Quality is crucial in hospital projects to ensure the health and safety of patients, staff, and visitors. The research methodology comprises an comprehensive literature review, then a comprehensive questionnaire survey conducted among stakeholders involved in Vietnamese hospital projects. 15 variables were identified and categorized into four distinct groups, elucidating their influence on the adoption of advanced IAQ-enhancing technology. This study uses factor analysis, a mean score method and hypothesis test to analyze the factor result from the survey. two-step process, including an in-depth literature review and questionaire survey. The study's findings culminated in the ranking, examination, and categorization of these 15 variables, which were clustered into four essential categories: economic factors, design elements, governance strategies, and technical requirements. Additionally, the research explored viable solutions to improve indoor air quality in Vietnam's unique environmental context, examining the factors that impact the selection of such solutions. The study's outcomes yield practical recommendations for architects, engineers, and hospital administrators in enhancing IAQ within healthcare facilities. Furthermore, it presents a framework attuned to local environmental factors and building materials, contributing significantly to the existing body of knowledge on IAQ within hospital projects, particularly in the Vietnamese context.