• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.637-645
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• 2021

Mobile devices have become attractive learning devices for education. The digitalization of the higher education system in Sri Lanka by 2020 is part of the government's effort to modernize and enhance the country's overall education system particularly in view of the COVID-19 pandemic. Theoretically, this study contributes to the M-Learning model in higher education institutions via the integration of literature on technology adoption (TAM and UTAUT) with the variables of Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, and Facilitating Condition. The attitude towards M-Learning amongst higher education students was gauged via an online questionnaire survey. The convenience sample comprised 344 students from the Advanced Technological Institutes (ATI) in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka. Descriptive statistics, a measurement, and structural model, and hypotheses testing were used to analyze the derived data. The findings indicate that mobile learning is significantly affected by perceived ease of use, social influence, effort expectancy, and facilitating condition, but negatively affected by attitude and perceived usefulness. The exhaustive literature review revealed that there are very few M-Learning studies related to digital learning in the context of higher education in the Batticaloa district.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 2019

Do animals have a mind? Our understanding about whether animals have minds depends on our relationship with animals, as we cannot determine animals' actual minds. These two studies presented here thus examined the meat paradox, that is, an inconsistency between love for animals and the act of enjoying eating meat in the context of mind perception. Study 1 examined whether mind perceptions toward various animals are classified on the basis of experience-related capacities, such as feeling pain, and agency-related capacities, such as having self-control. In Study 2, mind perceptions toward cows and sexually objectified women were classified on the basis of food condition and non-food condition. In the food condition (experimental condition), cows were portrayed as products for meat consumption, whereas in the control condition, they were described as animals living on a farm, eating grass. The results of Study 2 demonstrated revealed that mind perception was positively associated with how morally incorrect it was to eat animals. Study 2 thus demonstrated that the scores of mind perception toward cows and sexually objectified women in the experimental condition were significantly lower than those in the control condition. These reduced mind attribution in the experimental condition implied that people may be motivated to reduce cognitive dissonance between their attitudes toward animals, such as loving them, and their behaviors, such as, eating meat. In addition, these results suggest that objectification toward animals may impact the objectification and mind perception toward human beings as well. These findings highlight the role of dissonance reduction in the meat paradox and objectification theory so as to understand basic psychological processes involved while making moral choices in everyday life.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.77-89
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• 2018

Speech articulators are coordinated for the purpose of segmental constriction in terms of a task. In particular, vertical jaw movements repeatedly contribute to consonantal as well as vocalic constriction. The current study explores vertical jaw movements in conjunction with bilabial constriction in bilabial stop /p/ in the context /a/-to-/a/. Revisiting kinematic data of /p/ collected using the electromagenetic midsagittal articulometer (EMMA) method from seven (four female and three male) speakers of Seoul Korean, we examined maximum vertical jaw position, its relative timing with respect to the upper and lower lips, and lip aperture minima. The results of those dependent variables are recapitulated in terms of linguistic (different word boundaries) and paralinguistic (different speech rates) factors as follows. Firstly, maximum jaw height was lower in the across-word boundary condition (across-word < within-word), but it did not differ as a function of different speech rates (comfortable = fast). Secondly, more reduction in the lip aperture (LA) gesture occurred in fast rate, while word-boundary effects were absent. Thirdly, jaw raising was still in progress after the lips' positional extrema were achieved in the within-word condition, while the former was completed before the latter in the across-word condition. Lastly, relative temporal lags between the jaw and the lips (UL and LL) were more synchronous in fast rate, compared to comfortable rate. When these results are considered together, it is possible to posit that speakers are not tolerant of lenition to the extent that it is potentially realized as a labial approximant in either word-boundary condition while jaw height still manifested lower jaw position in the across-word boundary condition. Early termination of vertical jaw maxima before vertical lower lip maxima across-word condition may be partly responsible for the spatial reduction of jaw raising movements. This may come about as a consequence of an excessive number of factors (e.g., upper lip height (UH), lower lip height (LH), jaw angle (JA)) for the representation of a vector with two degrees of freedom (x, y) engaged in a gesture-based task (e.g., lip aperture (LA)). In the task-dynamic application toolkit, the jaw angle parameter can be assigned numerical values for greater weight in the across-word boundary condition, which in turn gives rise to lower jaw position. Speech rate-dependent spatial reduction in lip aperture may be able to be resolved by means of manipulating activation time of an active tract variable in the gestural score level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.28-36
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• 1982

Petri nets have been used for medeling a wide variety of systems from computer to social systems. This paper disusses Petri nets in the context of mathematical representation and its associated bag theory. The method of modeling systems such as event-condition, computer progranm computer operation and PERT chart is discribed and their Petri net representation are presented. Finally Petri net representation of tunnel diode oscillator circuit and the analysis of the circuit using Petri net are discussed with the program and results.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.429-441
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• 2010

This study explores experiences of housewives with infants' Pumasi child rearing community(i.e, communal child rearing community). A concrete context of pumasi child rearing of housewives with Infants was found. Results were as follows: The backgrounds of participation in pumasi child rearing community are isolated condition of child rearing and housewives' needs to find way of communication with others. Pumasi child rearing communities give meaningful experiences. They meet the developmental needs of both mothers and children and also provide various parenting models and skills, give a high value to individual child rearing, develop an everyday life community and strengthen the health of communities.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.486-488
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• 2008

In this paper, a scheme to increase the throughput of RFID systems is presented, which considers the capture effect in the context of framed ALOHA protocol. Under the capture model in which the probability of one tag is identified successfully depending on the number of tags involved in the collision, two probabilistic methods for estimating the unknown number of tags are proposed. The first method is the maximum likelihood estimation method, and the second method is an approximate algorithm for reducing the computational time. The optimal frame size condition to maximize the system throughput by considering the capture effect is also presented.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.111-120
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to understand the trends of urban housing in the age of modernization in Western cities since 1970's, and to provide the useful data for diversifying urban housing types in Korea. Although the housing types can be categorized in many ways according to the points of view, this study classifies 11 types by a criterion of urban composition elements. Among 11 urban housing types, one type, free-standing slab structure, has been mainly applied to Korean situation. The reason might be that the free-standing structure type is the most efficient one in terms of land use and block organization, but it results in a monotonic condition of urban housing blocks. Therefore, taking local characteristics and urban contexts in Korea into consideration, the future urban housing design should be developed in different ways of making local life styles possible in them, by adopting various types of Western urban housing precedents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.4 s.103
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• pp.96-107
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• 2006

This survey was performed to gain basic information for the development of new protective clothing of high acceptability in pesticide splaying among small size farmers. The rate of protective clothing wearing was low during pesticide spray although they understand its necessity. The reason for this low acceptability was related to the heat stress and reduced work efficiency deriving from wearing protective clothing. Instead of wearing they tend to carry out spray work while the ambient temperature is not to high. In the similar context, they rather intend to spray in consideration of weather condition instead of wearing protective clothing in the future. However, they are willing to purchase protective clothing if desirable products are developed: the clothing need to be efficient in both protection and work performance; the fanciness in design is not a requisite. This survey result will provide information necessary for the direction of new protective clothing development.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.103-122
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• 2013

It is essential to update the model with reflecting observation or inspection data for reliability estimation of existing structures. Authors proposed updated reliability analysis by using Particle Filter. We discuss how to apply the proposed method through numerical examples on reinforced concrete structures after verification of the method with hypothetical linear Gaussian problem. Reinforced concrete structures in a marine environment deteriorate with time due to chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcing bars. In the case of existing structures, it is essential to monitor the current condition such as chloride-induced corrosion and to reflect it to rational maintenance with consideration of the uncertainty. In this context, updated reliability estimation of a structure provides useful information for the rational decision. Accuracy estimation is also one of the important issues when Monte Carlo approach such as Particle Filter is adopted. Especially Particle Filter approach has a problem known as degeneracy. Effective sample size is introduced to predict the covariance of variance of limit state exceeding probabilities calculated by Particle Filter. Its validity is shown by the numerical experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.48-55
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to develop planning of individual house in Gangwon Provinces. Above all important two conditions, such as changes of life style and building trends are to analyze for landscape. Thus the major analysis is to take basic data about planning. For the feasiblity of these condition, roof type, color, context can be checked and design of landscape may be possible to work out optimum housing for the environments. This study suggests that house of future is to be environmental landscape design. The result of this study, proposal of guideline will be useful to make out design data individual house for the form programming phase of schematic designing in landscape Housing.