• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1108-1109
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• 2008

To survive in outdoor environments, photovoltaic modules rely on packaging materials to provide requisite durability. We analyzed the properties of encapsulant materials that are important for photovoltaic module packaging. Recently, the thickness of solar cell gets thinner to reduce the quantity of silicon. And the reduced thickness make it easy to be broken while PV module fabrication process. Solar cell's micro cracks are increasing the breakage risk over the whole value chain from the wafer to the finished module, because the wafer or cell is exposed to tensile stress during handling and processing. This phenomenon might make PV module's maximum power and durability down. So, when using thin solar cell for PV module fabrication, it is needed to optimize the material and fabrication condition which is quite different from normal thick solar cell process. Normally, gel-content of EVA sheet should be higher than 80% so PV module has long term durability. But high gel-content characteristic might cause micro-crack on solar cell. In this experiment, we fabricated several specimen by varying curing temperature and time condition. And from the gel-content measurement, we figure the best fabrication condition. Also we examine the crack generation phenomenon during experiment.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.311-320
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• 2001

Since 1998 for protection of marine pollution, all ships must have oil filtering equipment and 15ppm bilge alarms which satisfy Requirements of MARPOL 73/78. Oily-water separator used in machinery area of ships usually consists of two parts; one is filtering equipment and the other is oil content meter(OCM). This study presents optical characteristics of bilge were acquired form oil content sensing module. The oil content sensing module consists of IR-LED light source, photo-diode light receivers, and a glass tube for bilge water sample. The experiment with the bilge water demonstrates various valuable optical properties. These optical properties suggest notes and guides to make the low-cost, easy operation and good performance commercial type OCM that satisfy the requirements of MARPOL 73/78.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.7
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• pp.20-21
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• 2006

In this paper, we studied the influence of EVA sheet gel content on photovoltaic module durability. Depending on thermal curing temperature and time during lamination, there are dramatic changes on chemical and physical characteristics. To find the optimum PV module process condition, Glass/EVA/Back Sheet scheme was made. Gel Content, FT-IR spectrum and SEM were used for the detail analysis. From these results, $110^{\circ}C/6min$ and $130^{\circ}C/4min$ lamination condition could be suggested for the best one for durable PV module processing. The further analysis is described in the following paper.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.30-35
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• 2008

The purpose of EVA sheet in PV module is to bond or laminate the multiple layers of a module. We studied the influence of EVA sheet gel content on photovoltaic module durability. Gel Content was measured by manufacturing Glass/EVA Sheet/Back Sheet scheme at several curing temperature. Through this experiment, we could confirm that there are changes on Gel Content of EVA Sheet. The transmittance of $140^{\circ}C$/4min process condition was more excellent than the other condition at ultraviolet wavelength range. The thermal stability of $150^{\circ}C$/4min process condition was higher than the other condition.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.54-54
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• 2010

In this study, the correlation between temperature and the gel-content of the module were analyzed through experiments. Amorphous thin-film solar cell used in this experiment has a visible light transmission performance of 10%. In addition, ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) film and the clear glass have been used for the modulation. The most important process is to laminate the module in the manufacturing process of BIPV(Building integrated photovoltaic) module. Setting parameters of laminator in the lamination process are temperature, pressure and time. Setting conditions significantly affect the durability, watertightness and airtightness of module. The most important factor in the setting parameters is temperature to satisfy the gel-contents. The bottom and top surface temperature of module are measured according to setting temperature of laminator. The results showed $145^{\circ}C$ of max temperature of the bottom surface and $128^{\circ}C$ of max temperature of top surface on the module at the temperature condition of $160^{\circ}C$. And at the another temperature condition of laminator with $150^{\circ}C$, the max temperature do bottom and top are $117^{\circ}C$ and $134^{\circ}C$ respectively. The temperature difference between bottom and top of the module occurred, that is because heat has been blocked by the clear glass and the bottom of the cells absorb the heat from the laminator. In this particular, the temperature difference between setting temperature of the laminator and the surface temperature of the module showed $15^{\circ}C$, because the heat of laminator plate is transferred to the surface of the module and heat is lost at this time. As a results, gel-content showed 94.8%, 88.7% and 81.7% respectively according to the setting temperature $155^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$ and $145^{\circ}C$ of the laminator. In conclusion, the surface temperature of module increases, the gel-contents is relatively increased. But if the laminator plate temperature is too high, the gel-content shows rather decline in performance. Furthermore, the temperature difference between setting temperature and the surface temperature of the module is affected by laminating machine itself and the temperature of module should be considered when setting the laminator.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.9-9
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• 2008

Recently, the thickness of solar cell gets thinner to reduce the quantity of silicon. And the reduced thickness make it easy to be broken while PV module fabrication process. This phenomenon might make PV module's maximum power and durability down. So, when using thin solar cell for PV module fabrication, it is needed to optimize the material and fabrication condition which is quite different from normal thick solar cell process. Normally, gel-content of EVA sheet should be higher than 80% so PV module has long term durability. But high gel-content characteristic might cause micro-crack on solar cell. In this experiment, we fabricated several specimen by varying curing temperature and time condition. And from the gel-content measurement, we figure the best fabrication condition. Also we examine the crack generation phenomenon during experiment.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.338-344
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• 2001

According to the MARPOL 73/78 of Convention, all ships should have oil filtering equipment and 15 ppm bilge which satisfy Requirements of MARPOL 73/78. This study is concerned with designing and manufacturing a prototype Oil content Meter(OCM) used in machinery area of ship. The prototype OCM is composed of two parts which are oil content sensing module and data processing unit. The oil content sensing module consists of infra-red light source, photo-diode light receivers, and a glass tube for bilge water sample. The data processing unit has a micro-processor as hard core and peripheral devices. The experimental results of prototype OCM and analysis of collected data reveal linear property between transmitted light and scattered light as long as the bilge water has low level content of oil. And this linear property leads to a oil content detecting method which is programmed and loaded into the data processing unit. The performance of the prototype OCM is compared with that of the commercial OCM in the market.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.611-618
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 사람과 상호작용이 가능한 소셜 로봇에서 구동할 수 있는 스피드 퀴즈 콘텐츠의 설계 및 구현 방법을 제안하고, 구현을 위해 필요한 지능 모듈을 개발하는 방법을 제시한다. 또한, 지능 모듈 블록들을 배치하고 연결하여 맵을 구성하는 과정을 통해 스피드 퀴즈 콘텐츠를 구현하는 방법을 제안한다. 최근 소프트웨어 교육이 의무화되고 프로그래밍에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 하지만 프로그래밍은 프로그래밍 언어에 대한 기초 지식이 없는 학생들이 바로 접근하는 데에는 어려움이 따라, 초심자에게 적합한 블록형 프로그래밍 플랫폼에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 본 논문에서 사용한 블록형 프로그래밍 플랫폼은 사람과 로봇과의 상호작용을 지원하여 즉각적이고 직관적인 프로그래밍이 가능한 플랫폼이다. 본 논문에서는 스피드 퀴즈 콘텐츠를 위해 구현한 지능 모듈을 블록형 프로그래밍 플랫폼 내에서 블록화하여 사용하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 스피드 퀴즈 콘텐츠의 시나리오를 구현하기 위해 총 3가지의 이미지 기반 인공지능 모듈을 구현한다. 지능 모듈 외에도 다양한 기능 블록을 배치함으로써 스피드 퀴즈 콘텐츠를 구현하였다. 본 논문에서는 스피드 퀴즈 콘텐츠 시나리오를 설계한 방법과 이를 위한 지능 모듈을 구현한 방식을 제안한다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2018

The photovoltaic modules installed in the actual field are affected by various external environments and the electrical performance output value is generally lowered compared to initial output value. The most of photovoltaic modules consists of low iron glass, encapsulant (EVA), back sheet, frame and junction box assembly based on the solar cells. In this paper, the characteristics of encapsulant which is an important constituent material of photovoltaic module were verified by maximum power determination, electro luminescence images, yellowness index measurement, and gel content measurement after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation exposure. The most commonly installed 72 cells crystalline photovoltaic modules were tested after various UV exposure of 0, 15, 30, and $60kWh/m^2$ and compared with the reference module. After UV exposure of $15kWh/m^2$, which is the current international test condition, a small amount of change was observed in yellowness index and electroluminescence, while a gell content rapidly increased. At a cumulative dose of $60kWh/m^2$, which will be a new international test condition in the near future, however, the yellowness index increased sharply and showed the greatest output power drop.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 BLE 비콘을 기반으로 하는 제품 정보 안내 시스템을 설계하고 구현한다. 이 시스템은 모바일 티켓을 통한 비접촉 입장 서비스, 좌석 안내 서비스, 이벤트 Push 서비스, 콘텐츠 Push 서비스, 공공 서비스 등의 다양한 기능을 제공하도록 설계한다. 이 시스템은 3개 모듈인 비콘 인식 모듈, 서버 연동 모듈, 콘텐츠 전송 모듈로 구성된다. 비콘 인식 모듈은 스마트 폰을 가진 고객이 가용 서비스 영역에 접근하면 근접한 비콘의 특정 ID를 전송하는 기능을 구현한다. 서버 연동 모듈은 비콘 ID 값을 인식하여, 서버로 전달하고, ID를 가지고 있는 서버 위치를 확인하는 기능을 구현한다. 콘텐츠 전송 모듈은 해당 위치에 설정된 이벤트나 서비스 정보를 스마트 폰으로 전송하는 기능을 구현한다. 본 논문에서 구현한 비콘 기반의 제품 정보 안내 시스템을 활용하면 다양한 제품 정보 안내 시스템을 빠르고, 쉽게 구현할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.