• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.334-346
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• 2023

An electronic document based on PDF has been widely used in customer communication between an enterprise and a customer to deliver personalized content. However, electronic documents based on PDF in the form of paper layouts are not suitable for mobile environments because of low readability and lack of interactive interaction. Even though HTML is an essential language in a mobile environment, electronic document based on PDF is still used as it has a content integrity verification feature with a digital signature. It means that a user is sacrificing user experience in a mobile environment for content integrity and using paper-layout electronic documents. In this research, we design the Document HTML specification by setting the Document HTML conformance, adding the extended meta tags, and signing the message digest with a digital signature based on public key infrastructure (PKI). Furthermore, we implemented the Document HTML system, which has REST API services to generate and verify the Document HTML, and did experimental verification of the theory. As a result, we have confirmed that the Document HTML has both content integrity and user experience on mobile. Furthermore, the Document HTML is expected to be an alternative document format to deliver personalized content from an enterprise to a customer in a mobile environment instead of the paper layout electronic document such as PDF.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.3943-3957
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• 2016

As digital evidence has a highly influential role in proving the innocence of suspects, methods for integrity verification of such digital evidence have become essential in the digital forensic field. Most surveillance camera systems are not equipped with proper built-in integrity protection functions. Because digital forgery techniques are becoming increasingly sophisticated, manually determining whether digital content has been falsified is becoming extremely difficult for investigators. Hence, systematic approaches to forensic integrity verification are essential for ascertaining truth or falsehood. We propose an integrity determination method that utilizes the structure of the video content in a Video Event Data Recorder (VEDR). The proposed method identifies the difference in frame index fields between a forged file and an original file. Experiments conducted using real VEDRs in the market and video files forged by a video editing tool demonstrate that the proposed integrity verification scheme can detect broken integrity in video content.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2000

This paper provides integrity evaluation and root cause analysis for defects observed at volute tongue, or cutwater, of the operating centrifugal pump in power plant. The cause of the cracks are analyzed and reviewed from the viewpoint of the operation and maintenance of the pumps, and the sample obtained from the cracked volute tongue of the pump are examined. At first, in-situ hardness test and microstructure examination were performed to understand the cause of cracking at volute tongue. The evaluation of structural integrity and the possibility of the crack propagation is also evaluated. Cracks were typical intergranular cracking and propagated along with prior austenite grain boundary. At easing volute tongue, the hardness was higher than ASTM requirement and a large amount of intergranular Cr carbide was precipitated. These were due to high C content in material. P content was also higher than ASTM requirement. Therefore, Cr carbide precipitation and P segregation at grain boundary, caused by higher C and P content in material, resulted in intergranular cracking of casing volute tongue. This procedure for integrity evaluation and root cause analysis is used to guide, and support the pump designer and manufacturer's material selection and process design to avoid a costly, unplanned outage of plant.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2021

Electronic document communication based on a digital channel is becoming increasingly important with the advent of the paperless age. The electronic document based on PDF format does not provide a powerful customer experience for a mobile device user despite replacing a paper document by providing the content integrity and the independence of various devices and software. On the other hand, the electronic document based on HTML5 format has weakness in the content integrity as there is no HTML5 specification for the content integrity despite its enhanced customer experience such as a responsive web technology for a mobile device user. In this paper, we design the Document-HTML, which provides the content integrity and the powerful customer experience by declaring the HTML5 constraint rules and the extended tags to contain the digital signature based on PKI. We analyze the existing electronic document that has been used in the major financial enterprise to develop a sample. We also verify the Document-HTML by experimenting with the sample of HTML electronic communication documents and analyze the PKI equation. The Document-HTML document can be used as an authorized electronic document communication and provide a powerful customer experience in the mobile environment between an enterprise and a user in the future.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.852-861
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• 2024

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation on ram sperm quality during storage at 4℃ in vitro. Methods: Tris-citric acid-glucose solution containing different doses of NMN (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 µM) was used to dilute semen collected from rams and it was stored at 4℃. Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity as well as acrosome integrity were evaluated at 0, 24, and 48 h time points after storage at 4℃. In addition, sperm mitochondrial activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and apoptosis were measured at 48 h time point after storage at 4℃. Results: Results demonstrate that the values obtained for sperm motility, acrosome integrity, and plasma membrane integrity in the NMN treatments were significantly higher than control (p<0.05). The addition of 60 µM NMN significantly improved ram sperm mitochondrial activity and reduced LPO, MDA content, and ROS content compared to control (p<0.05). Interestingly, sperm GSH content and SOD activity for the 60 µM NMN treatment were much higher than those observed for control. NMN treatment also decreased the level of Cleaved-Caspase 3, Cleaved-Caspase 9, and Bax while increasing Bcl-2 level in sperm at 48 h time point after storage at 4℃. Conclusion: Ram sperm quality can be maintained during storage at 4℃ with the addition of NMN at 60 µM to the semen extender. NMN also reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis. Overall, these findings suggest that NMN is efficient in improving the viability of ram sperm during storage at 4℃ in vitro.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2002년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.380-383
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• 2002

KLDP(리눅스 한글 문서 프로젝트, http://kldp.org)와 같이 많은 분량의 HTML 문서들로 이루어진 매뉴얼 사이트를 관리하는데 가장 어려운 점은 현수 참조(dangling reference), 오문 참조 (inaccurate content reference)와 같은 깨진 링크(broken link)를 관리하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 웹사이트의 HTML 문서들 사이에 존재하는 관계성(Relationship)과 제약 조건(Constraints)을 정의하여, HTML 문서의 삽입, 삭제, 변경이 발생할 경우 사용자에게 통지하거나, 트리거를 수행하여 HTML 문서들의 무결성(Integrity)을 유지할 수 있도록 하는 HIMS(HTML Document Integrity Management System)시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1044-1058
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• 2021

Tempered electronic contents have multiplied in last few years, thanks to the emergence of sophisticated artificial intelligence(AI) algorithms. Deepfakes (fake footage, photos, speech, and videos) can be a frightening and destructive phenomenon that has the capacity to distort the facts and hamper reputation by presenting a fake reality. Evidence of ownership or authentication of digital material is crucial for combating the fabricated content influx we are facing today. Current solutions lack the capacity to track digital media's history and provenance. Due to the rise of misrepresentation created by technologies like deepfake, detection algorithms are required to verify the integrity of digital content. Many real-world scenarios have been claimed to benefit from blockchain's authentication capabilities. Despite the scattered efforts surrounding such remedies, relatively little research has been undertaken to discover where blockchain technology can be used to tackle the deepfake problem. Latest blockchain based innovations such as Smart Contract, Hyperledger fabric can play a vital role against the manipulation of digital content. The goal of this paper is to summarize and discuss the ongoing researches related to blockchain's capabilities to protect digital content authentication. We have also suggested a blockchain (smart contract) dependent framework that can keep the data integrity of original content and thus prevent deepfake. This study also aims at discussing how blockchain technology can be used more effectively in deepfake prevention as well as highlight the current state of deepfake video detection research, including the generating process, various detection algorithms, and existing benchmarks.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2021

4차 산업혁명시대에 접어들면서 기존의 콘텐츠 제공 업체에만 의존했던 디지털콘텐츠 시장이 유투브와 같이 사용자의 참여로 다양한 디지털콘텐츠를 제공하고 있다. 이로 인해 디지털콘텐츠 시장의 활성화를 가져왔지만, 저작자의 저작권과 콘텐츠의 무분별한 도용 및 사용으로 디지털콘텐츠 시장에 악영향을 미치고 있다. 본 논문은 디지털콘텐츠를 보호하고 저작자의 저작권을 보호하기 위해 블록체인 기술을 기반으로 디지털콘텐츠 관리 기술을 연구하였다. 제안 기술은 디지털콘텐츠와 저작권자를 보호하고 사용자를 식별하여 무분별한 디지털콘텐츠 접근과 도용을 방지한다. 디지털콘텐츠의 안전한 관리를 위해 블록체인의 인증기술로 활용되는 해쉬 함수를 활용하여 사용자를 인증하고 디지털콘텐츠를 관리하여 무결성과 인증 서비스를 제공한다.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2022

최근 다양한 분야에서 영상과 사운드를 포함한 디지털 콘텐츠가 생성되어 인터넷을 통해 클라우드에 전송된 후 저장되어 활용되고 있다. 디지털 콘텐츠의 활용을 위해서는 해당 데이터 무결성(data integrity) 검증은 필수적이며, 검증 자료의 네트워크 대역폭 효율성 보장이 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 영상데이터의 무결성 검증을 위한 데이터들을 유지 및 관리하며 제공하는 서버의 설계 및 구현에 관하여 기술한다. 서버는 영상데이터를 획득하는 모듈인 Logger로부터 영상데이터를 전달받아 저장하며, 영상데이터의 검증을 수행하는 모듈인 Verifier에 검증에 필요한 데이터를 제공하는 기능을 수행한다. 이후 해시값을 사용하여 경량 머클트리를 구성한다. 경량 머클트리(light-weight Merkle tree)는 두 버젼의 영상프레임 인덱스의 해당 영상프레임 변경사항을 개별 해시값의 비교 없이도 빠르게 무결성 위반을 검출할 수 있다. 이를 위해 네트워크 대역폭 효율성을 갖도록 디지털 콘텐츠의 해시값을 생성하여 경량 머클트리를 구성하고, 이를 무결성 검증의 증명 수행 결과로 제시한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2019

디지털 워터마킹은 디지털 컨텐츠에 대한 불법적인 복제를 방지하기 위한 저작권 보호 용도로 개발 되었으나, 최근에는 의료 영상과 같은 디지털 컨텐츠에 대하여 무결성을 검증하고 불법적인 조작이나 변형 위치를 감지하기 위한 기술로도 활용하고 있다. 디지털 컨텐츠에 대한 불법적인 복제를 방지하기 위한 저작권 보호 기술에서는 디지털 컨텐츠에 삽입된 워터마크가 왜곡이나 필터링과 같은 다양한 공격에 대하여 강인해야 하는 특성이 있어야 한다. 그러나 디지털 컨텐츠에 대한 조작이나 변형을 감지하기 위한 기술에서는 컨텐츠에 대한 사소한 변형에 대해서도 삽입된 워터마크가 쉽게 제거되어야 하는 특성이 있어야 컨텐츠에 대한 변형 여부를 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 디지털 영상에 대한 변형이나 조작 여부를 쉽게 확인하기 위한 워터마킹 기술을 제안한다. 제안 방법에서는 영상에 대한 변형 유, 무를 확인하기 위해 전체 영상을 $16{\times}16$ 블록 단위로 변형 여부를 검사하고 변형이 발생 된 블록에 대해서는 $4{\times}4$ 블록 단위로 검사를 수행하여 변형이 발생 된 위치를 확인한다.