• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.334-346
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• 2023

An electronic document based on PDF has been widely used in customer communication between an enterprise and a customer to deliver personalized content. However, electronic documents based on PDF in the form of paper layouts are not suitable for mobile environments because of low readability and lack of interactive interaction. Even though HTML is an essential language in a mobile environment, electronic document based on PDF is still used as it has a content integrity verification feature with a digital signature. It means that a user is sacrificing user experience in a mobile environment for content integrity and using paper-layout electronic documents. In this research, we design the Document HTML specification by setting the Document HTML conformance, adding the extended meta tags, and signing the message digest with a digital signature based on public key infrastructure (PKI). Furthermore, we implemented the Document HTML system, which has REST API services to generate and verify the Document HTML, and did experimental verification of the theory. As a result, we have confirmed that the Document HTML has both content integrity and user experience on mobile. Furthermore, the Document HTML is expected to be an alternative document format to deliver personalized content from an enterprise to a customer in a mobile environment instead of the paper layout electronic document such as PDF.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.3943-3957
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• 2016

As digital evidence has a highly influential role in proving the innocence of suspects, methods for integrity verification of such digital evidence have become essential in the digital forensic field. Most surveillance camera systems are not equipped with proper built-in integrity protection functions. Because digital forgery techniques are becoming increasingly sophisticated, manually determining whether digital content has been falsified is becoming extremely difficult for investigators. Hence, systematic approaches to forensic integrity verification are essential for ascertaining truth or falsehood. We propose an integrity determination method that utilizes the structure of the video content in a Video Event Data Recorder (VEDR). The proposed method identifies the difference in frame index fields between a forged file and an original file. Experiments conducted using real VEDRs in the market and video files forged by a video editing tool demonstrate that the proposed integrity verification scheme can detect broken integrity in video content.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.3 no.4 s.9
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• pp.7-14
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• 2000

This paper provides integrity evaluation and root cause analysis for defects observed at volute tongue, or cutwater, of the operating centrifugal pump in power plant. The cause of the cracks are analyzed and reviewed from the viewpoint of the operation and maintenance of the pumps, and the sample obtained from the cracked volute tongue of the pump are examined. At first, in-situ hardness test and microstructure examination were performed to understand the cause of cracking at volute tongue. The evaluation of structural integrity and the possibility of the crack propagation is also evaluated. Cracks were typical intergranular cracking and propagated along with prior austenite grain boundary. At easing volute tongue, the hardness was higher than ASTM requirement and a large amount of intergranular Cr carbide was precipitated. These were due to high C content in material. P content was also higher than ASTM requirement. Therefore, Cr carbide precipitation and P segregation at grain boundary, caused by higher C and P content in material, resulted in intergranular cracking of casing volute tongue. This procedure for integrity evaluation and root cause analysis is used to guide, and support the pump designer and manufacturer's material selection and process design to avoid a costly, unplanned outage of plant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2021

Electronic document communication based on a digital channel is becoming increasingly important with the advent of the paperless age. The electronic document based on PDF format does not provide a powerful customer experience for a mobile device user despite replacing a paper document by providing the content integrity and the independence of various devices and software. On the other hand, the electronic document based on HTML5 format has weakness in the content integrity as there is no HTML5 specification for the content integrity despite its enhanced customer experience such as a responsive web technology for a mobile device user. In this paper, we design the Document-HTML, which provides the content integrity and the powerful customer experience by declaring the HTML5 constraint rules and the extended tags to contain the digital signature based on PKI. We analyze the existing electronic document that has been used in the major financial enterprise to develop a sample. We also verify the Document-HTML by experimenting with the sample of HTML electronic communication documents and analyze the PKI equation. The Document-HTML document can be used as an authorized electronic document communication and provide a powerful customer experience in the mobile environment between an enterprise and a user in the future.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.852-861
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• 2024

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation on ram sperm quality during storage at 4℃ in vitro. Methods: Tris-citric acid-glucose solution containing different doses of NMN (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 µM) was used to dilute semen collected from rams and it was stored at 4℃. Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity as well as acrosome integrity were evaluated at 0, 24, and 48 h time points after storage at 4℃. In addition, sperm mitochondrial activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and apoptosis were measured at 48 h time point after storage at 4℃. Results: Results demonstrate that the values obtained for sperm motility, acrosome integrity, and plasma membrane integrity in the NMN treatments were significantly higher than control (p<0.05). The addition of 60 µM NMN significantly improved ram sperm mitochondrial activity and reduced LPO, MDA content, and ROS content compared to control (p<0.05). Interestingly, sperm GSH content and SOD activity for the 60 µM NMN treatment were much higher than those observed for control. NMN treatment also decreased the level of Cleaved-Caspase 3, Cleaved-Caspase 9, and Bax while increasing Bcl-2 level in sperm at 48 h time point after storage at 4℃. Conclusion: Ram sperm quality can be maintained during storage at 4℃ with the addition of NMN at 60 µM to the semen extender. NMN also reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis. Overall, these findings suggest that NMN is efficient in improving the viability of ram sperm during storage at 4℃ in vitro.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.380-383
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• 2002

It Is difficult to manage broken link with dangling reference, inaccurate reference m the manual site that is consist of HTML documents of much quantity as KLDP(Korean Linux Documentation Project, http:/ /kldp.org) Web site. In this paper. we define relationship and constrain renditions that exist between Web site's HTML documents. And we design and implement HIMS(HTML Document Integrity Management System), which notify user that integrity violation happens or launch trigger operation to keep integrity between HTML documents in case of insert, delete, update.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1044-1058
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• 2021

Tempered electronic contents have multiplied in last few years, thanks to the emergence of sophisticated artificial intelligence(AI) algorithms. Deepfakes (fake footage, photos, speech, and videos) can be a frightening and destructive phenomenon that has the capacity to distort the facts and hamper reputation by presenting a fake reality. Evidence of ownership or authentication of digital material is crucial for combating the fabricated content influx we are facing today. Current solutions lack the capacity to track digital media's history and provenance. Due to the rise of misrepresentation created by technologies like deepfake, detection algorithms are required to verify the integrity of digital content. Many real-world scenarios have been claimed to benefit from blockchain's authentication capabilities. Despite the scattered efforts surrounding such remedies, relatively little research has been undertaken to discover where blockchain technology can be used to tackle the deepfake problem. Latest blockchain based innovations such as Smart Contract, Hyperledger fabric can play a vital role against the manipulation of digital content. The goal of this paper is to summarize and discuss the ongoing researches related to blockchain's capabilities to protect digital content authentication. We have also suggested a blockchain (smart contract) dependent framework that can keep the data integrity of original content and thus prevent deepfake. This study also aims at discussing how blockchain technology can be used more effectively in deepfake prevention as well as highlight the current state of deepfake video detection research, including the generating process, various detection algorithms, and existing benchmarks.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.121-128
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• 2021

After entering the 4th Industrial Revolution, the digital content market, which was only dependent on existing contents supply enterprises, is providing various digital content through the participation of users like YouTube. Accordingly, it activated the digital content market, but it causes a negative influence on the digital content market due to the copyright of the creator and the indiscriminate illegal use and usage of the content. This study researched digital content management technology based on blockchain technology to protect digital content and the copyright of the creator. The suggested technology protects the digital content and the copyright holder and discerns the users and prevents the indiscriminate approach and illegal use of digital content. For the safe management of digital content, hash function applied as the certification technology of blockchain is used to certify the users and manage the digital content and provide integrity and authentication service.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 2022

Recently, digital contents including video and sound are created in various fields, transmitted to the cloud through the Internet, and then stored and used. In order to utilize digital content, it is essential to verify data integrity, and it is necessary to ensure network bandwidth efficiency of verified data. This paper describes the design and implementation of a server that maintains, manages, and provides data for verifying the integrity of video data. The server receives and stores image data from Logger, a module that acquires image data, and performs a function of providing data necessary for verification to Verifier, a module that verifies image data. Then, a lightweight Merkle tree is constructed using the hash value. The light-weight Merkle tree can quickly detect integrity violations without comparing individual hash values of the corresponding video frame changes of the video frame indexes of the two versions. A lightweight Merkle tree is constructed by generating a hash value of digital content so as to have network bandwidth efficiency, and the result of performing proof of integrity verification is presented.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.203-208
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• 2019

Digital watermarking was developed to protect copyright by discouraging the illegal copying of digital content. On the other hand, recently, watermarking has also been used to verify the integrity of digital content, such as medical images, and detect illegal manipulation or distortion locations. Watermarking should be tenacious so as to protect copyright from illegal copying and should remain firm to the content through a range of attacks, such as distortion or filtering. At the same time, however, it should be removed easily even in a slight transformation of the material to verify the integrity. Therefore, this paper proposes a watermarking technique that easily checks and verifies the deformation or manipulation of digital images. In the proposed method, the entire image was examined in $16{\times}16$ blocks to check for deformation of the image. When deformation was detected, further inspection proceeded in $4{\times}4$ blocks and the location where deformation occurred was identified.