• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.81-97
• /
• 1995

This study is to consider the result of the Field Trip Contest(FTC) and get a suggestion as a way of environmental education at school level in field. FTC was executed with selected students(3/1team) of 5th grade nationwide at Nam-Han mountain fortress in the suburbs of Seoul in Oct., 1994. The outcome of FTC was very high with the score of 1.38/2.0, and the quality of the program was generally high with the score of 1.09/2.0. Among areas of the outcome domain, accomplishment of the objectives of FTC was very high(1.55), execution of the policy of FTC was generally high(1.27), and operation and promotion of FTC was generally high(1.16). And in the Program of FTC domain, meaning of execution was very high(1.57), possibility of accomplishment was not high(0.03), validity of the content was generally high(1.18), appropriateness of activity scope was generally high(1.15), possibility of application into school system was generally high(1.22), and extending effect to education was generally high(0.9). Participants responded they got a great experience of inquiry for protecting nature during the activity of FTC and teachers accompanying found a good possibility to do in own school province.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.173-180
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate about current status of science field study in elementary schools. A total of 72 elementary teachers in Busan and Gyungnam districts were involved and the data from questionnaire was gathered. The questionnaire was comprised two parts: items on general level include the epistemological aspect and actual condition and items on concrete level according to chapters of elementary school science curriculum. The major findings are as follows: 1. Many teachers cognize the requirement of science field study in 7th Korean elementary school science curriculum is larger than 6th one. But they respond the actual number of science field study in 7th curriculum is nearly equal to 6th. 2. In analysis to grades, the actual number of field study decrease as grade is high. 3. In the science content aspects, the requirement of field study is the largest on biology domain and earth science domain. 4. Many teachers have pointed out “the difficulty of administration for field study” and “inappropriated surrounding of their school” as the problems of science field study in elementary school.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.19 no.9
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The covid-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of strict measure such as social distancing and lockdown around the globe and these measures has largely affected the retail industry. This study is to examine the negative impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on the acceleration of startups innovation in the retail industry. Research design, data and methodology: The current authors used the qualitative content approach and the data collection process in this procedure starts with a formulated and direct research question which means that rather than asking how a change in one variable leads to a change in the other, the research question seeks to understand the meanings and experiences derived from the piece of communication. Results: This section outlines how retail companies can overcome the adversely effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the acceleration of startup innovation in the retail industry. The solutions are mostly from peer-reviewed articles. All retailers should respond to the negative impacts of the covid-19 pandemic to ensure their continuity while accelerating startups innovations in the sector. Conclusion: This study implies that the retailing industry, alongside other sectors, should respond to the negative effects of the covid-19 pandemic by encouraging innovations and adaptations. The study has shown that flexibility is very crucial to adapt during the crisis

• Korean Medical Education Review
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2022

Needs for public healthcare have recently increased. This paper proposes education topics for competency development in public healthcare in line with the needs of the times. In Korea, various lifelong education providers have already provided public health-related education. For example, the Research Institute for Health Policy (RIHP) under the Korean Medical Association provided an "executive course for physicians' public health care competencies" in 2019 and 2020. At the end of the course, the RIHP published a comprehensive report, entitled "Curricular development and evaluation for doctors' public healthcare competencies." This article is based on a summary of that report. To develop a curriculum for public healthcare, the RIHP adopted the following methodologies for a needs analysis; reviewing already-existing education subjects, evaluating end-of-course reports, and conducting in-depth focused group interviews and questionnaire surveys with doctors at public healthcare-related institutions. The results from the needs analysis can be categorized into two domains of education topics for public healthcare. The first domain includes education subjects related to the theory and practice of public healthcare, as follows: a general overview, community or population health, organizational administration, planning and evaluation, budget and finance, responses to disasters such as infectious diseases, health policy, and the legal system. The second domain contained education topics related to general professional competencies: leadership, communication, cooperation, teamwork, and professionalism. In conclusion, the curricular content for public healthcare will be an appropriate combination of competencies specific to public healthcare and core competencies for health professionals.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.45 no.4 s.115
• /
• pp.407-438
• /
• 2006

This study investigated school mathematics curriculum of England, newly revised in 1998, focused on the 'shape, space, and measures' domain among three major domains of the English curriculum. On the basis of its understanding, this domain was compared and analyzed with school mathematics curriculum of Korea. In doing so, this study explored its plans and procedures and established a frame of comparison for the curriculums between the two countries. The structure of the National Curriculum in England is composed of programmes of study and attainment targets. The former sets out what should be taught in mathematics at key stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 and provides the basis for planning schemes of work, and the latter sets out the knowledge, skills, and understanding that pupils of different abilities and matures are expected to have by the end of each key stage. Attainment targets are composed of eight levels and an additional level of increasing difficulty. According to the results of the present study, Korea focuses on the formal and systematic mathematical knowledge on the basis of sound understanding of certain mathematical terms or concepts. On the other hand, England curriculum tends to deal with the content which can be understood more intuitively, flexibly, and naturally through the experience and aquisition based on the concrete manipulation. Particularly, it emphasizes that mathematics be realistic and useful in solving a diverse problems confronted in everyday life.

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.217-235
• /
• 2020

This study examined Korean fourth-grade students' performance by gender on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS) 2011 and 2015 mathematics assessment. We first identified items which had significantly higher mean scores by gender to decide which gender did better on a certain domain(domain-level analysis). Then, we examined the content of items(item-level analysis) to understand which items lead to gender differences in mathematics achievement. Our findings showed that about 80% of the items on both assessments did not show statistically significant differences between males and females. However, there were meaningful gender differences in the other 20% items. On both assessments, females had more items with significantly higher mean scores than males on the Shapes domain, and males had more those items on the Numbers and Measurement domains and all cognitive domains(Knowing, Applying, and Reasoning). In particular, females outperformed males on items related to identifying two- and three-dimensional shapes and drawing lines and angles and identifying them. Conversely, males had higher performance than females on items related to the pre-algebraic thinking, fractions and decimals, estimation of number differences, unit of length, and measuring time, height, and volume. The effect sizes for each item ranged from .12 to .33 and the mean effect size of all items across both assessments was .20, which indicated significant gender differences but small.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.283-291
• /
• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the head and tibial acceleration signal magnitudes, and their powers and shock attenuations between flat-footed and normal-footed running. Methods : Ten flat-footed and ten normal-footed subjects ran barefoot on a treadmill with a force plate at 3.22m/s averaged from their preferred running speed using heel-toe running pattern while the head and tibial acceleration in the vertical axis data was collected. The accelerometers were sampled at 2000 Hz and voltage was set at 100 mv, respectively. The peak magnitudes of the head and tibial acceleration signals in time domain were calculated. The power spectral density(PSD) of each signal in the frequency domain was also calculated. In addition to that, shock attenuation was calculated by a transfer function of the head PSD relative to the tibia PSD. A one-way analysis of variance was used to determine the difference in time and frequency domain acceleration variables between the flat-footed and normal-footed groups running. Results : Peaks of the head and tibial acceleration signals were significantly greater during flat-footed group running than normal-footed group running(p<.05). PSDs of the tibial acceleration signal in the lower and higher frequency range were significantly greater during flat-footed running(p<.05), but PSDs of the head acceleration signal were not statistically different between the two groups. Flat-footed group running resulted in significantly greater shock attenuation for the higher frequency ranges compared with normal-footed group running(p<.05). Conclusion : The difference in impact shock magnitude and frequency content between flat-footed and normal-footed group during running suggested that the body had different ability to control impact shock from acceleration. It might be conjectured that flat-footed running was more vulnerable to potential injury than normal-footed running from an impact shock point of view.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.968-980
• /
• 2023

The dynamic structural responses are sensitive to the time-frequency content of seismic waves, and seismic input motions in time-history analysis are usually required to be compatible with design response spectra according to nuclear codes. In order to generate spectra-compatible input motions while maintaining the intrinsic non-stationarity of seismic waves, an improved time-domain approach is proposed in this paper. To maintain the nonstationary characteristics of the given seismic waves, a new time-frequency envelope function is constructed using the Hilbert amplitude spectrum. Based on the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) obtained from given seismic waves through variational mode decomposition, a new corrective time history is constructed to locally modify the given seismic waves. The proposed corrective time history and time-frequency envelope function are unique for each earthquake records as they are extracted from the given seismic waves. In addition, a dimension reduction iterative technique is presented herein to simultaneously superimpose corrective time histories of all the damping ratios at a specific frequency in the time domain according to optimal weights, which are found by the genetic algorithm (GA). Examples are presented to show the capability of the proposed approach in generating spectra-compatible time histories, especially in maintaining the nonstationary characteristics of seismic records. And numerical results reveal that the modified time histories generated by the proposed method can obtain similar dynamic behaviors of AP1000 nuclear power plant with the natural seismic records. Thus, the proposed method can be efficiently used in the design practices.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.199-212
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is a difference in achievement between blocked practice and interleaved practice according to the difference in domain and type of learning content in mathematics subject, and through this result, it is to confirm whether the effect of interleaved practice in mathematics learning is due to the 'Discriminative-contrast Hypothesis' or the 'Distributed-practice Hypothesis'. Although interleaved practice is more effective than blocked practice, previous studies have not shown consistent results regarding the cause. Therefore, in this study, 103 first-year middle school students were randomly assigned to blocked practice, interleaved practice, remote blocked practice, and remote interleaved practice groups had learning activities over 4 times. The results reveals that the effect of interleaved practice appeared in similar types in the same domain, but the effect of interleaved practice did not appear in different types in different domain. In addition, through this result, it was confirmed that the effect of interleaved practice was due to the 'Discriminative-contrast hypothesis' rather than the 'Distributed-practice hypothesis'. Further research topics were suggested after the issues on the research method and the findings were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.571-576
• /
• 2024

Ontologies are created by domain experts, but the same content may be expressed differently by each expert due to different understandings of domain knowledge. Since the ontology standardization is still lacking, multiple ontologies can be exist within the same domain, resulting in a phenomenon called the ontology heterogeneity. Therefore, we propose a novel ontology matching method that combines SCBOW(: Siames Continuois Bag Of Words) and BERT(: Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) models to solve the ontology heterogeneity issue. Ontologies are expressed as a graph and the SimRank algorithm is used to solve the one-to-many problem that can occur in ontology matching problems. Experimental results showed that our approach improves performance by about 8% over traditional matching algorithm. Proposed method can enhance and refine the alignment technology used in ontology matching.