• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.271-276
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• 1997

어획한 명태를 선상에서 가공할 때 부산물로 생산되는 선상창란을 대상으로 선도에 따른 제품의 관능검사와 제조과정 중의 수율을 조사함으로서 산업적으로 활용할 수 있는 원료창란의 VBN판정기준을 설정하고 아울러 초기 VBN 값이 각기 다른 원료창란으로부터 젓갈숙성중의 VBN, pH, 그리고 생균수 변화를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 선상에서 처리한 원료창란은 창란젓갈 원료가 되는 위와 창자의 비율이 $72\%$로서 시료명태 내장중 위와 창자의 비율인 $18.5\%$보다 약 4배정도 높았다. 2. 동일한 시료명태에서 백색육과 내장의 VBN을 조사한 결과, 내장의 VBN이 백색육보다 최소 2배에서 최대 14.2배였고, 명태육과 내장의 선도 사이에는 일정한 상관 관계가 없었다. 3. 원료창란의 VBN이 $70{\pm}2mg\%$ 이하인 경우 위와 창자만을 정선한 수율은 $52\%$ 이상이었고, 제품의 관능 검사 결과도 양호하였다. 그러나$ VBN\;80{\pm}2mg\%$ 이상인 경우 정선창란의 수율은 $43\%$ 이하였으며 제품의 관능검사 결과도 불량하여 유통상품으로서 가치가 적었다. 4. 원료창란의 $VNB\;35{\pm}2mg\%$와 $70{\pm}2mg\%$인 시료를 60일 동안 숙성시키면서 VBN, pH 및 생균수 변화를 조사한 결과, VBN은 $50.06{\pm}2mg\%,\;87.71{\pm}2mg\%로서 두시료 모두 숙성초기보다 각각 $15.06mg{\%},\;17.51mg{\%}$ 증가하였으며, pH는 숙성초기에 7.12와 7.44이던 것이 각각 6.22, 6.15로 감소하였고, 생균수는 초기균수 $3.4{\times}10^3\;CFU/g$ 및 $3.4{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$에서 각각 $2.8{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$와$9.8{\times}10^5\;CFU/g$로 $1\~1.5-log-unit$가 증가하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.491-498
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• 2011

We investigated the ranges of total cellular microcystins content of cyanobacterial blooms collected in Korean lakes and rivers from 2005 to 2009. The amount and composition of microcystins of Korean cyanobacteria varied depending on the sampling water bodies and dominant cyanobacterial genera. Toxic cyanobacterial cell numbers equivalent to $1{\mu}g$ MCYSTs/L using total cellular microcystin content of Korean cyanobacteria were in the range of 2,348 to 66,980,638 cells/mL. Only four samples among forty nine samples showed less cell numbers than current criterion of Harmful Algae Alert System, 5,000 cells/mL indicating current criterion do not reflect properly the microcystins content of Korean cyanobacteria. Anabaena and Aphanizomenon spp. showed three to six times higher cell numbers equivalent to $1{\mu}g$ MCYSTs/L than Microcystis spp. To propose criteria of Harmful Algae Alert System for Korean toxic cyanobacteria, we calculated about 50% selective geometrical means of cyanobacterial cell numbers equivalent to $1{\mu}g$ MCYSTs/L in order of toxic content. The proposed criteria for Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Anabaena, and Aphanizomenon spp., are 10,000, 20,000, 40,000, and 80,000 cells/mL, respectively.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to estimate the shelf life of butter and cheese products, with shelf life being a guide used to determine the storage period of food before deterioration. Butter and cheese samples stored at $10^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$ had a shelf life of 221 d, while those stored at $25^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$ had a shelf life of 109 d. Quality changes, including total cell count, coliform counts, Listeria monocytogenes counts, acid value, moisture content, pH, acidity and overall sensory evaluation, were monitored. In order to pass the overall sensory evaluation, a quality score of 5 points on a 9-point scale was required. For other quality criteria, legal quality limits were established based on the "Process Criteria and Ingredient Standard of Livestock Products" by the Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency (Republic of Korea). The nonlegal quality limit was estimated by regression analysis between non-quality criteria (y) and overall sensory evaluation (x). The shelf life was estimated based on the number of days that the product passed the quality limit of the quality criteria. The shelf life of samples stored at $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$ was 21.94, 17.18, 6.10 and 0.58 mon, respectively, for butter and 10.81, 9.47, 4.64 and 0.20 mon, respectively, for cheese.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.84-94
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• 2002

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify problems and solving strategies on student evaluation of clinical nursing education. Subjects were 239 nurses in 18 hospitals from February to July, 1999. Content analysis using qualitative research method was used to analyze data taking into account the semi-structured questionnaire. The results of this study were as follows: Four categories about problems and solving strategies on the evaluation of clinical nursing education were identified: 'The environment of the clinical nursing education'; 'contents and items of evaluation tool'; 'criteria of evaluation tool'; and 'problems with evaluators in clinical settings'. The problems of the environment of the clinical nursing education were due to the lack of co-ordination between nursing schools and hospitals. In order to solve these problems, the following strategies were suggested: 'initiate a joint meeting between nursing schools and hospitals'; 'do not change the clinical settings frequently'; 'evaluate students after being familiar with them'; and 'evaluate them immediately after clinical practice was ended'. In the problems of contents and items of the evaluation tool, the contents of the tool were very abstract and general. The strategies for treating these problems were to evaluate student using the concrete evaluation items'; refrain from evaluation of nursing knowledge', develop the evaluation tools that are fit for a specific clinical setting'; develop the evaluation tools in line with students' knowledge level; and 'carry out evaluation using the proper contents of tool. The problems of criteria of the evaluation tools were the results of the lack of the clear criteria. The strategies for treating these problems were 'develop the criteria of the evaluation tool'; simplify the range of the cores or evaluate students using check-list'; to evaluate students in objective manner'. The problem of evaluators in clinical settings was due to the failure by evaluators who were not prepared for the task. The strategies were 'to educate and prepare the evaluators before evaluation'.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.689-697
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• 2019

본 논문은 소프트웨어 교육의 추진 현황과 2015개정 교육과정에서의 내용을 비판적으로 고찰하고 내용 선정을 위한 준거를 탐색하였다. 이를 위하여 일반적인 교육과정 구성의 교육 내용 선정 원리를 검토하였으며 교육 철학적 관점에서 소프트웨어 교육의 내용 선정 준거를 탐구하였다. 특히 오우크쇼트의 '실제적 지식'을 소프트웨어 교육 내용 선정의 철학적 근거로 검토하였다. 소프트웨어 교육의 내용을 지식과 활동으로 구분하기보다 실제적 경험으로 구성하여야 한다는 점을 강조하였다. 이와 같은 논의를 바탕으로 소프트웨어 교육을 위한 내용 선정의 준거로써 다섯 가지를 제안하였다. 첫째, 교육과정의 목적과의 일관성, 둘째, 학습자의 수준 반영, 셋째, 창의적인 지식의 생성과 창출, 넷째, 미래의 사회·문화적 요구 반영, 다섯째, 디지털 민주시민으로 성장 등이다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

Purposes: The objectives of this study present the direction of the criteria for the separately reimbursement of therapeutic medical device. Methodology: We summarized experts' opinion using Delphi survey and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). 48 experts were gathered from Medical Insurance Review Nurses Association, medical device industry, academy and association, Medical Device Expert Evaluation Committee. Descriptive statistics, consistency index, content validity ratio were analyzed. Findings: Clinical utility, patient safety, infection control, cost-homogeneity, cost-effectiveness showed high feasibility and importance, but market contribution and functional utility showed low feasibility and importance in a relative sense. The results of functional utility differed between clinical and non-clinical experts. Measurability was low across the whole area. Among the criteria for the separately reimbursement of therapeutic medical device. Patient safety/infection control and clinical utility showed the highest relative importance values, analyzed using AHP. Practical Implications: Patient safety and infection control are needed to be considered as one of Value Assessment Criteria. It is important to find out how to improve the measurability of therapeutic medical device.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.433-443
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• 2020

Background and objective: The boom in urban agriculture has also resulted in the creation of many school gardens. With the increase in various hands-on education programs, people are interested in assessing the value of school gardens. This study was conducted to derive indicators for service value assessement of educational farming experience using school gardens. Methods: Through literature review, we selected assessment items and sub-factors. The indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of school gardens are classified using the Delphi method that involve a focus group experts. In order to increase the reliability and validity of the selected and classified items, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted. In addition, the relative importance and priority of each factor in each field were assessed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Results: We classified the indicators into 4 criteria and come up with 13 items and 33 sub-factors in educational value, health value, economic value, and ecological and environmental value. Most of the items for the 4 value criteria derived were significant for assessing the value of agricultural experience services with content validity ratio (CVR) higher than 0.59 and reliability higher than .6 . In the value criteria, the experts rated educational value as the most important, followed by health value, ecological and environmental value, and economic value. In the assessment items, the most important was improvement of social functions. In the sub-factors, the most important was strengthening of ties (friendly interactions). Conclusion: Among the derived indicators assessing the value of school gardens, 4 criteria, 12 evaluation items and 29 sub-factors showed significance. The schematic index would be useful for the assessment.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.497-504
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• 1999

This study presents the physical and engineering characteristics of soil-bentonite admixed liner in I landfill. Main focus was the hydraulic conductivity of compacted soil-bentonite admixed and mechanisms governing low permeable properties of the admixed liner. Laboratory and field tests such as compaction, hydraulic conductivity, density, water content for the soil-bentonite admixed liner were carried out. Quality control criteria for the best construction of the soil-bentonite admixed liner was suggested through laboratory and field test results.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1991

This paper interprets the Seongho/s ergonomec philosophy in terms of contemporary view of ergonomics, which appears in 'ichuck' of Seongho Sasul written in 1760's. The content of Jichuck is largely composed of three parts such as the proportions of human body dimensions, numerical examples, and the principles and method of clothes edsign. Some parts of human body proportions are tested and compared with Woodson's criteria and anthropometric data suggested by Korea Standards Research Institute in 1986. Concludingly, it is revealed that the ancient Seongho's ergonomic philosophy is regarded as apporopriate, and 'saji(4 fingers width)' is more reasonable for criterion of human body proportions.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.211-216
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• 2000

Foamed concrete is applied ad filling, material of On-dol, bur it has much trouble in controlling the quality because of not establishing the detailed related criteria and recommendation for the construction and quality control practice. Therefore, this study will investigate the as-placed density and air content of formed slurry before hardening and its physical characteristics after hardening, analyzed the relation of each characteristic, and finally provide the proper method for the quality control foamed concrete.