• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2001

This paper aims to select the appropriate risk management techniques on the risks of container transport at sea based on risk and risk management theory. Risk management can be defined as a systematic process for the identification and evaluation of pure loss exposure faced by an organization or individual, and for the selection and administration of the most appropriate techniques for treating such exposures. Risks of container at sea transport are widely divided into three categories, such as risk of container itself, risk of container cargo and liability to third party. This paper places emphasis on the risks of container transport at sea as well as limits its scope from container terminal to container terminal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.656-659
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• 2004

The objective of this paper is to analyze the combined productivity at automated container terminal. We present a simulation model for transport vehicle that perform the container transportation between apron and yard with a perpendicular yard layout. Usually, the efficiency of container terminal is evaluated by productivity of container cranes at apron, and though there are enough support of transport vehicles and yard cranes, can improve the productivity of container cranes. Especially, transport vehicle is very important factor in productivity of container cranes and has variable work productivity according to loading and unloading situation. Therefore, a method that can estimate combined productivity of equipment is required. We performed various simulation experiment and analyzed combined productivity to estimate the required number of equipment.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.2359-2373
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• 2008

In 1991, Korean government decided to establish the Inland Container Depot for activating transportation of rail freight container and encourage the effectiveness of intermodal transport system. Therefore, the Ui-Wang ICD has been built in Kyonggi province and began to operate in 1993. However, Despite of original purpose of the Inland Container Depot, rail freight volume at public CY(Container Yard) in Ui-Wang ICD has been recorded very low. This paper deals with the promotion strategy for rail transport in Ui-Wang ICD. The relationship of conflicts between the rail-oriented transporters and road-oriented transporters in Ui-Wang ICD have been found through the TOC thinking process and some solutions are suggested. Some undesirable effects in operation of Ui-Wang ICD are listed and current reality tree(CRT) has been established and future reality tree(FRT) which includes some injections to active the rail transport in ICD has been recommended based on CRT. In order to make good solutions the situation in Busan-jin station ICD known as similar to Ui-Wang ICD has been analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 1991

This paper aims to determining the optimal capacity of Pusan port in view point of Container Physical Distribution cost. It has been established a coast model of the container physical distribution system in Pusan port is composed of 4 sub-systems and in-land transport system. Cargo handling system, transfer & storage system and in-land transport system, and analyzed the cost model of the system. From this analysis, we found that the system had 7 routes including in-land transport by rail or road and coastal transport by feeder ship between Pusan port and cargo owner's door. Though railway transport cost was relatively cheap, but, it was limited to choose railway transport routes due to the introducing of transport cargo allocation practice caused by shortage of railway transport capacity. The physical distribution ost for total import & export container through Pusan port was composed of 4.47% in port entring cost, 12.98% in cargo handling cost, 7.44% in transfer & storage cost and 75.11% in in-land transport cost. Investigation in case of BCTOC verified the results as follows. 1) The optimal level of one time cargo handling was verified 236VAN (377TEU) and annual optimal handling capacity was calculated in 516, 840VAN(826, 944TEU) where berth occupancy is $\rho$=0.6 when regardless of port congestion cost, 2) The optimal level of one time cargo handling was verified 252VAN (403TEU) and annual optimal handling capacity was calculated in 502, 110VAN (803, 376TEU) where berth occupancy is $\rho$=0.58 when considering of port congestion cost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.1165-1170
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to develop the simulation model of transport vehicle to analyze the required number of transport vehicle and to design the traffic pattern at automated container terminal. To model the transport vehicle, we defined the vehicle model and the traffic model using the state transition model of transport vehicle. An application of a simulation to simulate an automated container terminal with perpendicular layout is developed and described. From the results of simulation experiment, we obtained the vehicle speed and the number of vehicle under given productivity of container cranes, and analyzed the saving effect by cycle time.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.801-806
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• 2005

The world of container shipping and container terminal business is changing and container ports need to know what the changes are in order to plan how to respond. In particular, the container transport industry has noticed two major developments such as globalization and consolidation. The purpose of this paper is to review the current trend towards globalization and consolidation of container liner shipping and container terminal business. It also investigates the impact of these market developments on container ports and presents its implications for port development, management and operation, and port competition policy. According to the discussion of this paper a greater exercise of market power of container terminal operators will have negative impacts on international trade and national economy, especially port users, including container lines, exporters and importers. An empirical evidence on the exercise of market power is required to develop competition rules on market dominance at a national and international level. This paper suggests 'port coopetition' as a solution for smaller and regional container terminal operators to survive in a competitive business environment.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.365-370
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• 2018

Currently, container transport services play a substantial role in global cargo transportation, by serving as an intermodal between exporter and importer. Container shipping has become increasingly important over the past few decades, due to obvious advantages. However, Vietnam's container market has shown severely ongoing competition among numerous domestic and foreign shipping lines, resulting in serious consequences occurring such as freight rates substantially decreasing within the last 10 years. Vietnam's sea lanes have become more defensive, to cover losses of shipping companies. Selection of criteria for competitive evaluation of container transport companies is necessary, to facilitate addressing the problems within the enterprise, especially relating to its position in the market and from here, business management can implement strategic plans and reasonable policy, to survive and grow.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 1991

A Container terminal is a physical link between the ocean and land modes of transport and a major component of the container physical distribution system. A number of projects to increase terminal productivity in the world were found to be tied directly to increasing the efficiency of the intermodal activities, that is, to improving the physical distribution process. This is an indication that the productivity of container terminal is being considered withing a system prospective. The purpose of this study is to establish a model of the container physical distribution system for Pusan port linked with 4 sub-systems including Navigational aids system, Cargo handling/transfer/storage system on dock, Off-dock CY system and In-land transport connection system. and to analyze the system. From this analysis, we found that the system had three bottlenecks on the container physical distribution process in Pusan port : a) cargo handling b) storage and c) inland transport, and showed a way to improve the system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2020

Until now, the development of design and operation model for automated container terminals has been mainly performed based on the western ports model, specializing in basic loading, and discharging operations. In the case of the Busan port, terminal operators provide basic stevedoring, as well as an additional logistics service known as 'On Dock Service' not suitable for the currently commercialized automated container terminal model. This study diagnosed the current Busan port's throughput structure and terminal operational characteristic, and proposed a modified perpendicular layout container terminal transport model named 'Interchange Transport Model' for effective management of empty container and operation costs. Although the 'Interchange Transport Model' requires an additional number of transport equipment (AGV), concerning operational efficiency and cost saving, a simulation showed 22% reduction of TAT and 9.4% reduction of annual terminal operational costs in comparison to the basic perpendicular layout model.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.127-131
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• 2022

The structural safety of prototype transport and storage containers for very low-level radioactive liquid waste was experimentally estimated for its localization development. Transport containers for radioactive liquid waste have been researched and developed, however, there are no standardized commercial containers for very low-level radioactive waste in Korea. In this study, the structural safety of the designated IP-2 type container capable of transporting and temporarily storing large amounts of very low-level liquid waste, which is generated during the operation and decommissioning of nuclear power plants, was demonstrated. The stacking and drop tests, which were conducted to determine the structural integrity of the container, verified that there was no external leakage of the contents in spite of its structural deformation due to the drop impact. This study shows the effort required for the localization of the technology used in manufacturing transport and storage containers for very low-level radioactive liquid waste, and the additional structural reinforcement of the container in which the commercial intermediate bulk container (IBC) external frame was coupled.