• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1366-1371
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• 2004

The development of the European railway high speed network brings new problems related to the interoperability across the railways of different countries. The pantograph and the overhead wire form a dynamic coupled system and they affect each other through the contact force. Unfortunately, as the operational speed of a train increases, the vibration of the pantograph and the overhead wire also increases. This may lead to a zero contact force between the pantograph head and the overhead wire, which can results in the loss of contact, arching and abrasion. If the arching and spark happen between the pantograph and the overhead catenary system, the EMI(electro magnetic interface) and noises may occur. After an, the quality of current collection is deteriorated. This paper describes the dynamic response between the pantograph and catenary system by the numerical simulations and predicts the possibility of operating the high speed train in the conventional lines.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2011

Korea is the best country for ship-building. But nowadays, the speedboat and yacht are not mostly developed yet. For the sleek lines of ship, more innovative transmission system should be obtained in the ship industry. In general, marine transmissions often use the straight shafts and the helical gears. So it makes problem that engine-room requires large space. In this case, conical gear is the best solution for this. Until now, technology of conical gear is not generalized, but it will be increased more through many applications. So, in order to get conical gear design technology by ourselves, this thesis is conducted. This paper was written to gain useful information of marine gearbox design applied conical gear through the measurement of backlash, computer analysis and tooth contact test of helical conical involute gear pairs.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.7
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• pp.531-532
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• 2006

This paper presents the implementation of Real-time data acquisition system for dynamic characteristics of overhead contact wire in electric railway. The reconfigurable field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and LabVIEW graphical development tools have been used to Real-time monitoring system. The results from a field test show that the proposed technique and developed system can be practically applied to measure the assessment quantity or quantities on overhead contact lines for the online real-time process monitoring.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.500-506
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• 1993

$^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectra for pyridine, ${\beta}$-and ${\gamma}$-picoline, pyrazine, and 4,4'-bipyridyl complexed with paramagnetic undecatungstocobalto(II)silicate and undecatungstonickelo(II)silicate anions are reported. For these complexes the ligand exchange is slow on the NMR time scale and the pure resonance lines have been observed at room temperature. The isotropic shifts in nickel complexes can be interpreted in terms of contact shifts by ${\sigma}$-electron delocalization. Both contact and pseudocontact shifts contribute to the isotropic shifts in cobalt complexes. The contact shifts, which are obtained by subtracting the pseudocontact shifts from the isotropic shifts, require both ${\sigma}$-and ${\pi}$-electron delocalization from the cobalt ion. Slow ligand exchange has also allowed us to identify the species formed when bidentate ligands react with the heteropolyanions. Pyrazine forms a 1 : 1 complex, while 4,4'-bipyridyl forms both 1 : 1 and dumbbell-shaped 1 : 2 complexes.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2022

움직이는 접촉선에서의 계면 거동을 이해하기 위해 많은 연구자들은 동적접촉각에 대한 연구를 지속적으로 연구해 왔다. 하지만 가시화 기술의 한계로 선행연구에서의 동적접촉각에 대한 실험은 일반적으로 친수성 미세관에서 가시광선 기반으로 실험이 수행되었다. 하지만, 최근 다양한 연구 및 산업 분야에서 소수성 미세관에서의 동적접촉각에 대한 연구의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 높은 공간 및 시간 분해능을 갖는 방사광 X-선 영상법을 이용하여 소수성 마이크로 튜브 내 물-글리세롤 혼합물 슬러그의 동적접촉각을 측정하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 기존의 동적 접촉각 실험 상관식을 검증하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.3 No.2
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• pp.1080-1083
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• 2002

In this paper, we have studied with regard to the use of lasers for modifying the surface properties of silicon in order to improve it's wettability and adhesion characteristics. Using an Nd:YAG pulse laser, the wettability and adhesion characteristics of silicon surface have been developed by an Nd:YAG pulse laser. It was found that the laser treatment of silicon surfaces modified the surface energy. In the result of wetting experiments, by the sessile drop technique using the distilled water, wetting characteristic of silicon after the laser irradiation shows a decreased value of the contact angle. In case of the laser treated silicon surface, laser direct writing of copper lines has been achieved by pyrolytic decomposition of copper formate films$(Cu(HCOO)_2{\cdot}4H_2Q)$, using a focused $Ar^+$ laser beam$(\lambda=514.5nm)$ on the silicon substrates. The deposited patterns were measured by energy dispersive X-ray(EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) and surface profiler($\alpha$-step) to examine the cross section of deposited copper lines and linewidth.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제31A권5호
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• pp.94-100
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• 1994

The junction failure mechanism of W plugs has not been fully understood while the selective W deposition has been widely used for plugging interconnection lines. In this paper, the thermal stability and junction failure mechanism of sub-micron contacts using selective CVD-W plugs were intensively studied with the metal lines of AISiCu, Ti/AISiCu and TiN/AISiCu. The experimental results showed that the contact chain resistance and leakage current in the AISiCu and Ti/AISiCu metallizations were significantly degraded after annealing. From the SEM analysis, it was found that the junction spiking, due to the Al atoms diffusion along the porous interface between selective CVD-W and contactside wall, caused the junction failure. In constast, there was no degradation of the contact resistance and junction leakage current in TiN/AISiCu metal structu-re. It is believed that the TiN barrier layer could prevent AI(Ti) atoms Fromdiffusing. Therefore, TiN barrier between W plug and Al should be used to impro-ve the thermal stability of sub-micron contacts using the selective CVD-W plugs.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.335-340
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• 1998

IUE 저 분산 관측자료를 가지고 W-UMa 형 별인 44i Boo의 자외선 광도곡선을 완성하였다. 채층과 전이영역으로부터 나오는 방출선의 변화를 알아보기 위해서 CI, CII, CIV, SiIV, Hell 선의 방출선 세기를 계산하였다. CIV 방출 선이 가장 강한 방출을 보였으며, CII, Hell, CI, SiV의 순서로 방출선의 세기가 관측되었음이 확인되었다. 또한 방출선의 세기가 주기적으로 변하고 있음을 확인하였고, 모든 방출 선들이 위상 0.2와 0.8부근에서 상대적으로 강한 방출 선을 보인다. 이는 44i Boo의 표면에서 채층 및 전이영역의 활동성으로 인해 자외선 방출이 불 균일하게 나오고 있음을 나타내는 것이라고 해석할 수 있다. 채층 활동의 변화로 인해 관측시간이 서로 다를 때 자외선 방출선의 변광 형태도 달라지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.674-679
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• 2011

In this paper, we experimented and analyzed about electric fire risk assessment methods of LED lightings for outdoor. LED lighting is composed of AC power lines, AC/DC converter, DC power lines and LED lamps. There are some risk factors of electric fire in LED lighting such as short circuit between power lines or power line and ground, dielectric breakdown, leakage current, abnormal voltage inflow, poor contacts(connections), etc. As a result of this study, insulation coverings of wire was ignited due to dielectric breakdown between power lines and molten marks were formed in copper conductor. LED lighting was blown out while short circuit, beside that, electrical disorder did not occur. When abnormal voltage was inflowed, electronic components such as varistor, condenser were damaged. Partial heating was produced and insulation was melted and carbonized by arc and heating while poor contacts were happened. We expect that the results of this study would be helpful for electrical safety of LED lightings for outdoor.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.281-284
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• 2007

Recently, we have developed p-i-n a-Si:H single junction thin film solar cells with RF (13.56MHz) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system, and also successfully fabricated the mini modules ($>300cm^2$), using the laser patterning technique to form an integrated series connection. The efficiency of a mini module was 7.4% ($Area=305cm^2$, Isc=0.25A, Voc=14.74V, FF=62%). To fabricate large area modules, it is important to optimise the integrated series connection, without damaging the cell. We have newly installed the laser patterning equipment that consists of two different lasers, $SHG-YVO_4$ (${\lambda}=0.532{\mu}m$) and YAG (${\lambda}=1.064{\mu}m$). The mini-modules are formed through several scribed lines such as pattern-l (front TCO), pattern-2 (PV layers) and pattern-3 (BR/back contact). However, in the case of pattern-3, a high-energy part of laser shot damaged the textured surface of the front TCO, so that the resistance between the each cells decreases due to an incomplete isolation. In this study, the re-deposition of SnOx from the front TCO, Zn (BR layer) and Al (back contact) on the sidewalls of pattern-3 scribed lines was observed. Moreover, re-crystallization of a-Si:H layers due to thermal damage by laser patterning was evaluated. These cause an increase of a leakage current, result in a low efficiency of module. To optimize a-Si:H single junction thin film modules, a laser beam profile was changed, and its effect on isolation of scribed lines is discussed in this paper.