• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.342-358
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• 2007

Ubiquitous Computing System (UCS) is a system where the user can get information through computer network anytime and anywhere regardless of the places. Since UCS is a personalized system, it should interact with other systems. UCS will bring a remarkable change in production, consumption, politics, economy, community, culture, and other areas related to our daily life. That is, a high-quality UCS results in high-quality services provided to users. Hence, this paper proposes a systematic quality model based on ISO/lEC 9126 in order to evaluate the ubiquitous computing system, based on ISO/lEC 9126. And, we identify key characteristics of UCS and derive the set of quality attributes based on identified characteristics. We define metrics for each quality attribute and Ubiquitous Computing Quality Model CUCQM) so that we can evaluate overall environment and important characteristics of UCS.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

Methanotrophic denitrification under a non-aerated condition (without external supply of oxygen or air) was investigated in a bioreactor coupled with a membrane diffuser. Batch experiment demonstrated that both methane consumption and nitrogen production rates were not high in the absence of oxygen, but most of the nitrate was reduced into $N_2$ with 88% recovery efficiency. The methane utilized for nitrate reduction was determined at 1.63 mmol $CH_4$/mmol $NO_3{^-}$-N, which was 2.6 times higher than the theoretical value. In spite of no oxygen supply, methanotrophic denitrification was well performed in the bioreactor, due to enhanced mass transfer of the methane by the membrane diffuser and utilization of oxygen remaining in the influent. The denitrification efficiency and specific denitrification rate were 47% and 1.69 mg $NO_3{^-}-N/g\;VSS{\cdot}hr$, respectively, which were slightly lower than for methanotrophic denitrification under an aerobic condition. The average concentration of total organic carbon in the effluent was as low as 2.45 mg/L, which indicates that it can be applicable as a post-denitrification method for the reclamation of secondary wastewater effluent. The dominant fatty acid methyl ester of mixed culture in the bioreactor was $C_{16:1{\omega}7c}$ and $C_{18:1{\omega}7c}$, which was predominantly found in type I and II methanotrophs, respectively. This study presents the potential of methanotrophic denitrification without externally excess oxygen supply as a post-denitrification option for various water treatment or reclamation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.748-755
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to find out effects of treatment of ginsenoside Re, Rc and EGCG on mRNA expressions of leptin, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and resistin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The concentrations of EGCG were treated with $0.01{\times}10^{-7},\;0.1{\times}10^{-7},\;1{\times}10^{-7}\;and\;1{\times}10^{-6}\;or\;100{\mu}g/ml$ ginsenoside Re, Rc in culture cell for 13 days. mRNA expression of leptin wasn't expressed in preadipocyte but according to differentiation of adipocyte, the that of mRNA expression was decreased at gensenosids or EGCG treated cells compared with non treated adipocyte. Expression of HSL mRNA was increased in G-Re, G-Rc and EGCG treated cells compared with non treated cells. The resistin level was significantly decreased in adipocytes treated with G-Re, G-Rc and EGCG. These pattern was similar to leptin expression. These results support that treatment of gensenosides or EGCG in 3T3-L1 adipocyte resulted to affect of leptin and resistin as well as HSL mRNA levels, accordingly, levels of leptin and HSL will be acted by signalling body fat stores to the hypothalamus which in turn regulates food intake andenergy expenditure to maintain body weight homeostasis. And also regulation of resistin mRNA will prevent to diabetics attacked with obesity. In conclusion, we suggest that consumption of ginseng saponine or EGCG might prevent human diabetics or/and obesity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.481-490
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• 2012

Phytochemicals are reported to provide various biological functions leading to the promotion of health as well as the reduced risk of chronic diseases. Fat-soluble plant pigments, carotenoids, are extensively studied micronutrient phytochemicals for their potential health benefits. It is noteworthy that specific carotenoids may be responsible for different protective effects against certain diseases. In addition, each carotenoid can be obtained from different types of plant foods. Considering the fact that the phytochemical content in foods can vary according to, but not limited to, the varieties and culture conditions, it is important to establish a database of phytochemicals in locally produced plant foods. Currently, information on individual carotenoid content in plant foods commonly consumed in Korea is lacking. As the first step to support the production and consumption of sustainable local plant foods, carotenoids and total phenolic contents of plant foods commonly consumed in Korea are presented and their potential biological functions are discussed in this review.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.318-326
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• 2016

Two phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Pantoea rodasii PSB-11and Enterobacter aerogenes PSB-12, were isolated from button mushroom compost and employed to assess their synergistic effect in liquid medium and on growth of green gram plants by single and co-inoculation of the strains. Co-inoculation of two strains was found to release the highest content of soluble phosphorus ($521{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of Pantoea strain ($485{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) and Enterobacter strain ($470{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$). However, there was no significant difference between single inoculation of bacterial strain and co-inoculation of two bacterial strains in terms of phosphorous release. The highest pH reduction, organic acid production and glucose consumption was observed in the E. aerogenes PSB-12 single inoculated culture medium rather than those of co-inoculation. According to the plant growth promotion bioassay, co-inoculated mung bean seedlings recorded 10.6% and 10.7% higher shoot and root growth respectively compared to the control. Therefore, in concluding, co-inoculation of the strains P. rodasii and E. aerogenes displayed better performance in stimulating plant growth than inoculation of each strain alone. However, being short assessment period of the present study, we recommend in engaging further works under field conditions in order to test the suitability of the strains to be used as bio-inoculants.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.27-41
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• 2010

In this study, based on the current curriculum of consumer education in high school with the advent of Web 2.0 age, I analyzed both the curriculum used by new information tools related with Web 2.0 age and the one used by traditional tools to find out the degree of necessity of consumer education for the high school students in proportion to the level of their informational ability. First, compared with the education of food, clothes and shelter in the curriculum of manual training and domestic science, the necessity, importance, and availability were low and the students had a lower level of interest than they had with the three factors mentioned above. Second, after dividing the sector of consumer education in the curriculum into three fields such as reasonable purchase and use, solution and prevention of consumer problems and forming a new consumer trend, I looked into the necessity of the teaching method using conventional tools and the one using new informational tools following Web 2.0 age respectively. Traditional tools were favored for the education of consumption-related laws and policies, consumers' rights for the general cause of consumer problem solving and preventing. For the generation of the new comsumer trend, the new information tools were preferred in the appreciation of consuming culture and the issues of consuming environment. Third, it was revealed that students' level of informational ethics was the highest at 5.55 while their level of information creation and processing was the lowest at 3.96 from the research of six categories of their informational ability.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to lay the foundation that middle aged woman takes care of more healthy, beautiful, attractive external features and prepares successful ageing on studying a difference of recognition between an actual somatotype and an ideal somatotype after we examine an actual somatotype and an ideal somatotype in the object of about $40{\sim}50$ middle-aged woman, dwells in Seoul, is the main group of a home consumption socially. The result of comparing a difference between an actual somatotype and an ideal somatotype was showing that in case of a facial form, the group which their faces are an egg-shaped prefers an egg-shaped and the group which their faces are a round-shaped prefers a round-shaped. In case of a silhouette, all groups prefers a normal type most. In case of a shoulder's type, all groups prefer a normal type most. In case of a shoulder-waist line, all groups prefers a Y line most. In case of a breast's form, all groups prefer a normal type most. In case of a back's form, all groups prefer a normal type most. In case of a buttocks' form, all groups prefers a normal type most. In case of a leg's form, all groups prefers a normal type most. On putting together research result as yet, middle aged women wish a similar somatotype irrespective of an age, an obesity measurement and this means a recognition of making an effort to be beautiful is alike. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize a somatotype of middle aged women uprightly and it must be accomplished a continuous, systematic consultation and education about a weight-control on exercising and not to mention of making a desirable eating habit.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-38
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to examine how the consciousness of resource saving affects the resource-saving behaviors of urban employed wives and to induce their rational resource-saving behaviors by identifying related variables. This study also analyzed some correlations between the resource-saving consciousness and behaviors of urban employed wives to provide basic information for laying the foundations of a green growth culture. The subjects of this study were selected from among employed wives living in the urban areas of Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area. The study was conducted from June 11 to August 7, 2011. A total of 620 questionnaires were collected, and 592 of them were used in the analysis. Data was analyzed via the SPSS 18.0 program to calculate frequencies, mean and standard variation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, hierarchical, and multiple regression analysis. A positive correlation was observed between the resource-saving consciousness and behaviors of urban employed wives. That is, their resource-saving behavior was higher their consciousness of resource saving was high. Furthermore, the most influential variables affecting the resource-saving behaviors of urban employed wives were: the subjects' job type, with specialist or office work; reference groups, such as family, relatives, and neighbors; and low levels of conspicuous consumption habits. Among the variables, the influence of reference groups had the highest explanatory power.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.139-145
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• 2015

This paper proposes to increase the node energy effienciecy, which rapidly drops during the transmission of LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierachy), using the method of DL-LEACH (Dual-hop Layered LEACH). By introducing dual-hop method in the data transmission, the proposed single-hop method for short-range transmission and multi-hop transmission method between the cluster heads for remote transmission was introduce. By introducing a partial multi-hop method in the data transmission, a single-hop method for short range transmission method between the cluster heads for remote transmission was introduces. In the proposed DL-LEACH, the energy consumption of cluster head for remote transmission reduces and increases the energy efficiency of sensor node by reducing the transmission distance and simplifying the transmission routine for short-range transmission. As compared the general LEACH, it was adapted to a wider sensor field.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.39
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• pp.473-505
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• 2007

Advertising is regarded as one of media's most proficient instruments of reflecting changing society. It represents the channel through which globalization and consumption culture have spread into everyday life. This study explores the significance and representations of multi-culturalism in contemporary television commercials. For the purpose, the social and historical meanings of the term 'multi-culturalism', generated inside and outside Korea, are discussed. A series of text analysis are followed, focusing on the representation of non-Korean models in terms of ethnicity and race. The result shows that the advertising is the instrument utilized in creating the relationship between multi-culturalism and racialism, which is called 'strategic multi-culturalism'. This strategy commonly happens in today's commercial advertising such as information/telecommunication, real estate/branded apartment complex, and bank/finance market. Despite the increasing number of multi-cultural commercials in the past decade, multi-culturalism in Korean society has not yet fully articulated.