• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

Research on subjective well-being (SWB) has flourished in recent years. As SWB determines cognitive and motivational processes, including social comparison and cognitive dissonance, it determines how consumers make decisions, including the comparison and evaluation of alternatives. Considering that the comparison and evaluation of alternatives is related to social comparison and cognitive dissonance, the influence of SWB on the comparison and evaluation of alternatives needs to be investigated. This research aims to examine the effect of SWB on the comparison and evaluation of alternatives, especially when people acquire additional information about their chosen or non-chosen alternatives, leading to a change of absolute/relative value of alternatives. The reasonable price of an alternative as evaluated by individuals is used as a measure reflecting the perceived value of an alternative. Putting all of this together, the current study intended to investigate the influence of absolute and relative value on the reasonable price of an alternative depending on SWB. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two experiment groups (deterioration of non-chosen alternative vs. improvement of non-chosen alternative). After reading consumer report ratings of alternatives shown on monitor screens, participants chose one of the alternatives, followed by the change of the consumer report ratings (deterioration of non-chosen alternative vs. improvement of non-chosen alternative). Participants evaluated the reasonable price of their chosen alternative based on the provided price of the non-chosen alternative. Two weeks after the experiment, they were asked to answer survey questionnaire on SWB measures. A regression was performed on the reasonable price with experiment groups, mean-centered SWB, and their interaction. There was a significant simple effect of groups and SWB. More importantly, these effects were qualified by the predicted interaction of groups and SWB. To interpret this interaction further, simple slope tests were performed on the price when SWB was centered at one standard deviation above (i.e., happy people) and below (i.e., unhappy people) the mean. As predicted, happy people rated the reasonable price of the chosen alternative higher in the improvement of non-chosen alternative group than in the deterioration of non-chosen alternative group. Conversely, unhappy people showed no price difference between groups. These results show that happy people pay attention to the absolute value of the alternative, whereas unhappy people give more weight to the relative value as well as to the absolute value of a chosen alternative, indicating that unhappy people are more sensitive to the negative information of a non-chosen alternative compared to happy people. The present research expanded the existing research stream on SWB by showing the influence of SWB on the consumers' evaluation of alternatives. Furthermore, this study adds to previous research on SWB and social comparison by suggesting that unhappy people tend to be more sensitive to negative social comparison information of alternatives even when a target of social comparison is not explicitly present. Moreover, these results yield some managerial implications on how to provide product information based on SWB in order to make products more attractive among the alternatives available to consumers.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.355-379
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• 2020

Digital Library System(DLS) for the school library is a key access tool for school library materials. The purpose of this study was to find ways to improve the accessibility of materials through analysis of students' information search behavior in DLS. Data were collected through recording of 42 participants' DLS search process, and questionnaire. As a result, the search success rate and search satisfaction were found to be lower when the main purpose of DLS is simple leisure reading, information needs are relatively ambiguous, and when user experiences the complicated situations in the search process. The satisfaction level of search time sufficiency was the highest, and the search result satisfaction was the lowest. Besides, there was a need to improve DLS, such as integrated search of other library collection information, the recommendation of related materials, the print output of collection location, voice recognition through mobile apps, and automatic correction of search errors. Through this, the following can be suggested. First, DLS should complement the function of providing career information by reflecting the demand of education consumers. Second, improvements to DLS functionality to the general information retrieval system level must be made. Third, an infrastructure must be established for close cooperation between school library field personnel and DLS management authorities.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.835-848
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to find efficient and customized tools for delivering the benefit of health functional foods (HFFs). Delivery tools which could influence the impact of advertising were images, explanations of ingredients, diagrams of health benefit, patents, and comments from authority. Six advertisements were developed using these tools: "A": relevant image + explanation of ingredients + scientific diagram of efficacy; "B": relevant image + explanation of ingredients; "C": relevant image; "D": irrelevant image; "E": irrelevant image + explanation of ingredient + patent; "F": irrelevant image + explanation of ingredient + comments from authority. To analyze the consumer perceptions on HFFs and advertisement effects, 300 respondents were requested to answer a questionnaire comprising of the following questions: 5 questions of attitudes (necessity of HFFs, trust in HFFs, gathering information, watching advertisements and trust in advertisement claims) and 6 questions on the 6 developed advertisements (attention, understanding, sufficiency of information, sympathy, trust, and purchase). Scoring was done as per the 5 Likert scale. There was a higher proportion of females and the elderly, as compared to males and youngsters. The overall consumer attitudes were positive. Explanation of ingredients, scientific diagram of health benefit, patents and expert comments were helpful factors in increasing the advertisement evaluation by consumer, but the images were not. Advertisement evaluation of consumer did not differ with gender and age. However, differences were observed between some of the consumer attitudes (necessity of HFFs, trust in HFFs, gathering information and trust in advertisements claim) and advertisement evaluations (attention, understanding, sympathy and purchase). Our results indicate that for consumers utilizing the HFFs, advertisements with concrete tools such as diagrams, patent, and expert comments are more helpful. However, for consumers who do not have interest in HFFs, the scientific information was irrelevant. We believe that to maximize the effect of health information in advertisements, consumers should be segmented, and customized tools for each segment needs to be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.243-262
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• 2021

The present study aims to identify the factors that affect the continuous use and discontinuance of the hospital information seeking applications(hospital apps thereafter) by employing the post acceptance model. The surveys were conducted with people who used the hospital apps from October 11 to 18, 2019. Researchers collected 125 valid data and analyzed them by using the structural equation model. The study found that the satisfaction and confirmation of expectation for the hospital apps users had significant effects on intention for continuous use and perceived usefulness, respectively. However, the perceived usefulness did not have a significant effect on the intention for continue use. The present study has identified the variables that influence the continuous use of these innovative technologies. The findings of the study confirmed the post acceptance model by observing the adoption and use of the hospital apps and extended the literature of the post acceptance model by discussing the unique characteristics of the hospital apps that satisfy the urgent help-seekers under emergency situations or the information needs emphasizing promptness. In addition, based on the benefits and limitations of hospital apps reported by consumers, the study provided practical implications for designing more user-friendly apps to hospital app developers or managers.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were 1)to examine the conceptual structure of purchasing motives and information seeking of beauty service, 2)to find out the effects of purchasing motives on information seeking, and 3)to investigate the differences of purchasing motives and information seeking according to the demographic variables. The questionnaire was developed based on pretest and previous studies, and completed by 331 female consumers living in Seoul and Busan. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, Cronbach's a, regression analysis, Pearson's correlation, ANOVA, and Duncan test. The results are as follows; First, factor analysis showed that the purchasing motives of beauty services consisted of five factors, such as Fashionableness, Impulse purchase, Special event, Mood & Recreation, and Practical purchasing needs. And the information seeking for beauty services consisted of four factors, such as Mass media, Opinions of neighbors, Experience & Observation, and Sales hook. Second, mass media was effected by fashionableness, impulse purchase, special event, and mood & recreation. Experience & Observation was effected by fashionableness, special event, and mood & recreation. Sales hook was effected by fashionableness, and impulse purchase. Third, the dimensions of purchasing motives and information seeking of beauty service were significantly different according to age, marriage or unmarried, and duties.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.184-192
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• 2007

A social trend can change market trend because it influences on consumer's lifestyle. Therefore the trend has been considered as an important factor for planning and producing new items. If a new trend occurred, its impact on market needs to be examined. Recently, well-being became top global issue and it caused many changes on packaged food products. This study focuses on measuring the impact of well-being trend on package design. The range of products for this research is limited to packaged food product selling in discount stores because it is main category to show well-being trend. Generally, good package design generates impulsive buying at the point of purchase. Colors on packages are critical point for good product design and they are also reflecting social trend to meet their consumers' psychological desires. After gathering basic information from market research, several colors had been selected and classified. For providing specific evidences result from the trend, the role of four major colors have been compared and analyzed. Finally, questionnaire had been handed out to trendy consumers to reach consensus on well-being color.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.309-324
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• 2015

The foodservice industry is applying new marketing strategies, and advertisements are the best way to convey their distinctive brand images. The foodservice companies have been choosing a type of advertising called Product Placement(PPL) because it is unconsciously shown more often than other types of advertisements while customers are watching a movie or TV drama. Therefore, the aims of this research were to investigate the influence of the customers' perception of PPL inserted into TV dramas on brand image and purchasing intention. Additionally, present study performed to identify the differences between Korean and Chinese customers. For the survey, the study used both offline and online sampling methods, and the analyzed data was from 150 Korean and 150 Chinese respondents. As results, the more respondents were positive and familiar about PPL, the higher the brand image and purchasing intention. Chinese consumers had positive perception of PPL, which positively influenced the brand image and purchasing intention while Korean consumers' ethical awareness about PPL had a negative influence. Therefore, the Korean foodservice industry needs to differentiate the strategies for the PPL marketing between the Korean and Chinese market.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

Purpose - The ICT market in the EU is lagging behind that of the US; however, algorithm and software development within the EU have grown steadily, and they involve focusing on the creative cultural convergence conceptualized as part of Horizon 2020 and connecting neighboring markets in the EE and the Mediterranean region. It is essential to study the requirements to market the EU's creative ICT development in emerging industrial countries after examining its applicability in these countries. Research design, data, and methodology - This study deals with data pertaining to the EU's creative industry and competitive edge. The global cultural expansion of the EU facilitates a new concept involving not only low-cost IT products to enhance local cultural artifacts through R&D and the construction of efficient infrastructure services, but also information exchange with a realistic commercialization of the technology that can be applied for creative cultural localization. In the European industry, research on algorithms has been applied for the benefit of consumers. We investigated how the process is conducted in the EU. Results - Europe needs to adjust its economic structure to the local culture as part of IT distribution convergence. The convergence has been converted into a production algorithm with IT in the form of low-cost production. This is because there is an attempt to improve the quality of transport infrastructure, workforce availability, and the distribution of the distance to the local industries and consumers, using IT algorithms. Integrated into the manufacturing industry, based on the ICT infrastructure and solutions, smart localized regional clusters are formed with the help of grafting. Europe has own strategy to increase the number of hub-and-spoke cities. Europe is now becoming integrated, with an EPC system for regional cooperation rather than national competition in ICT technology. Europe has also been recognized in this study as changing the step-by-step paradigm for global competitiveness through new creative culture industries. Conclusions - As a result, there are several ways of converging with others through EU R&D intensity; therefore, the EU can be seen as successfully increasing marginal value, which is useful in developing a special industrial cluster or local cultural cities that create converged development by connecting people and objects with IT. In fact, when compared to the US, Europe has a strong culture and the car industries have a tendency to overshadow the IT industries with integration of services in IT distribution. Considering the rapid environmental changes, the convergence of IT services is likely to take place in Europe, similar to the pharmaceutical industry and the automotive industry. This requires a focus on human resources and automated systems management. The trend is to move away from low-wage industries, switched to key personnel centers of the local university-industry. EU emphasizes the creation of IT market demand in Europe involving local cultural convergence for marketing as the second step to strengthen the economic hub-and-spoke areas.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.163-179
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate to which degree farmers did the crop switching and cultivar renewal as a confrontational strategy to climate change, and which problems they had in that process, and then to provide the supporting plans for them. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 15 citrus farmers of the KNCAP graduates in Jeju Island. Most of the survey respondents agreed to the climate change of Jeju Island and the subtropical climate of its coastal area. The farmers have experienced irregular weather such as abnormal high temperature, frequent rain, and droughts, resulting in the harmful insects and new weeds attack. As the climate change strategies, they are adopting a greenhouse culture system, improving a soil drainage using reorganization of planting space, making a new pest management program, and trying to switch a crop to subtropical fruits. It is expected that 50% of the survey respondents have changed their crops or will do; and 73 % of them have changed cultivar or have a plan to do. Only a few farmers directly pointed to a reason for their efforts to change the crops or to renew the cultivars as the anti-climate change strategy, however, most farmers answered the reason was to increase profitability by meeting their consumers' tastes. Presently, it is not the anti-climate change strategy but increase of profitability by meeting the consumers' needs the reason why most of the survey respondents have changed their crops or renewed the cultivars, while a few of them switched their crops to a subtropical fruit trees due to climate change. On the crop switching, they had some difficulties such as a labor shortage, availability of land, operating costs and instable income. On the cultivar renewal, also, they encountered the lack of cultivating techniques for new cultivars and the dim future for the new market. In long-term perspective, Jeju's farmers need new information and educational programs about the effect of climate change on agriculture of Jeju, and cultivation techniques for new crops and new cultivars.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.3-14
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• 2018

For satisfying consumer needs, commercial facilities require a variety of sale-related space expressions and eye-catching product arrangements; space composition can also be a direct marketing strategy. The human eye is the sensory organ that acquires the largest amount of information, and an analysis of visual information helps in understanding visual relations between . However, the existing studies are mostly focused on analysis of still frames in experimental images, and there is a lack of studies analyzing gaze information based on mobile images of commercial spaces. Therefore, this study analyzed emotional responses through gaze information of space users in reality using a video of a movement route through a commercial facility. The analysis targeted straight sections of the moving route; based on the data acquired, sectional characteristics of five gaze intensity ranges were examined. As a result, section A, the starting point of the route, had a low gaze intensity, while section B had the highest gaze intensity. This indicates that, starting in section B, the subjects explored the space in a stable way and needed time to adapt to the experimental video. In relation to space characteristics of the gaze-concentrated area, display formats of the right stores in 4 of 6 sections received greater attention. The gaze of consumers was mostly focused on props, and big gaze information was revealed in showcase display formats of the stores. In conclusion, this analysis method can provide highly useful direct design data about merchandise display and merchandise component arrangement based on consumer visual preference.