• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.36-40
• /
• 2022

Many parts of life have been changed due to the unprecedented coronavirus outbreak, and Noncontact has now become a general culture of society around the world. Also, many years later, after the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it is now deeply embedded in the human lifestyle. The purpose of this paper's research is to investigate the metaverse perception before and after Corona. It was confirmed that the number of metaverse, the central keyword, was 70971 before Corona, but 261767 after Corona, which was more than three times the frequency. In addition, it was confirmed that the number of COVID-19, the reference point of this study, increased significantly to 1,9236 during the pre-COVID-19 period. Through this, it can be inferred that the metaverse accelerated and developed significantly after the corona. Metaverse about Keywords such as cryptocurrency, cryptocurrency, coin, and exchange appeared before Corona, and the word frequency ranking for blockchain, which is an underlying technology, was high, but after Corona, the word frequency ranking fell significantly as mentioned above. As such, it was confirmed that keywords for metaverse were changing before and after Corona, and as such, Consumers' perceptions were also changing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2022

This study empirically analyzed the welfare effect of the military purveyance program, which plays an important role in maintaining the sales channel and demand base in Korea's agricultural and livestock industry, as well as the stable supply of safe ingredients for military meals essential for the morale and combat power of soldiers. The military purveyance program causes additional demand for domestic livestock products, affecting the trading volumes and price levels in the market. This will change the welfare of producers and consumers, and affect the welfare of soldiers who are subject to military meals. The analysis results obtained through a simulation method based on the equilibrium displacement model are as follows. In the case of pork delivered for military service, producer surplus increased by KRW 55.3-62.2 billion and consumer surplus decreased by KRW 55.1~62.0 billion based on pork production in 2021. It wad analyzed that the consumer surplus in the military supply market, rather than the conventional market, increased by KRW 96.9 billion won, resulting in a total welfare gain of KRW 97.1 billion.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.65 no.3
• /
• pp.490-510
• /
• 2023

Feed safety is needed to produce and provide safe animal feeds for consumers, animals, and the environment. Although feed safety regulations have been set for each country, there is a lack of clear feed safety regulations for each livestock. Feed safety regulations are mainly focused on heavy metals, mycotoxins, and pesticides. Each country has different safe levels of hazardous materials in diets. Safe levels of hazardous materials in diets are mostly set for mixed diets of general livestock. Although there is a difference in the metabolism of toxic materials among animals, the safe level of feed is not specific for individual animals. Therefore, standardized animal testing methods and toxicity studies for each animal are needed to determine the correct safe and toxic levels of hazardous materials in diets. If this goal is achieved, it will be possible to improve livestock productivity, health, and product safety by establishing appropriate feed safety regulations. It will also provide an opportunity to secure consumer confidence in feed and livestock products. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a scientific feed safety evaluation system suitable for each country's environment. The chance of outbreaks of new hazardous materials is increasing. Thus, to set up appropriate toxic levels or safe levels in feed, various toxicity methods have been used to determine toxic levels of hazardous materials for humans and animals. Appropriate toxic testing methods should be developed and used to accurately set up and identify toxicity and safe levels in food and feed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 2020

This study evaluated the effect of steam heating, gamma irradiation, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on microorganism reduction in order to determine an effective sterilization method for red pepper powder. The effect of each treatment on the reduction of thermoduric bacteria and total aerobic bacteria in red pepper powder were as follows: 10 kGy gamma irradiation, reduction of 4 log and 6 log CFU/g, respectively; 12 mW/㎠ UV irradiation (264 nm UV-C), reduction of less than 1 log CFU/g; steam heating at 120℃ for 40 s, reduction of approximately 2 log CFU/g. High-temperature short-time processing at 110℃ for 30 s reduced the total bacterial count in Gochujang solution from 5.70 log CFU/g to 2.26 log CFU/g; at 121℃, the solution was commercially sterile. Steam heating resulted in 1, 2, and 4 log microbial inactivation in garlic, onion, and pepper powder, respectively. Steam sterilization, which consumers prefer over other methods, may be an effective method for reducing microorganisms in spice powders, including those in red pepper powder.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.173-180
• /
• 2017

This study evaluated the characteristics of rice cookies with varying amounts (0, 250, 500, and 750 mg) of dandelion complex powder. Dandelion powder is considered a functional food with skin-moisturizing and atopic skin improvement effects by KFDA. Quality characteristics of AF343 and rice cookies were measured by determining antimicrobial activities, physical characteristics, sensory evaluation values, and antioxidant activities. An antibiotic susceptibility test of the powder showed positive activities in Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Rice cookie containing 250-500 mg powder showed significantly increased antioxidant activities compared to controls (p<0.05). However, sensory intensities between the two sample groups were not significantly different. Thus, rice cookies containing 250-500 mg dandelion complex powder were successfully developed to improve antioxidant and antimicrobial qualities. These products may attract the attention of health-conscious consumers in the highly competitive cookie industry.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2006

There has been a successful re-entry in the form of infant foods and as a product concept of "well-being" milk by feeding goat natural medicinal plants in high mountain lands and goats eating natural feeds. Typical composition of cow's milk and goat's milk are not significantly differ in major nutritional constituents. However, the noticeable differences between milks of the bovine and caprine species concern in the dimensions of the micelles, in casein composition, in size of the micelles and in the mineral charge of the micelle, but the ratio Ca/Pi in the micelle is very close for the two species The potential market in Korea could be expected to expand by keeping its freshness and nutritional benefits. The supply of goat milk products all year around is also an important to the consumers. In order to increase its market scale of goat milk, product manufacturers need extensive advertising promotion. Domestically, goat milk is currently manufactured at small scale dairy goat milk companies and consumed mainly in the form of fresh or fermented goat milk, while imported goat milk powder is used to produce infant goat milk formula by major dairy companies. Decreasing the unpleasant goaty flavour for the Korean consumers would be essential for the researchers who work for dairy science and technology.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.9
• /
• pp.1207-1214
• /
• 2017

Since the industrialization of swine production in the late 1900s, swine farms in the United States, as well as in Europe, have largely become consolidated. Pig farms became larger in size but fewer in number, with 91% of market pigs being produced by large operations with 5,000 or more pigs on-site in the US, and only 3% of the total utilized agricultural land representing organic farming. Such change in the market made it difficult for small farmers to stay competitive, forcing them to find alternative ways to reduce the cost of production and increase profit using the outdoor production system. In contrast to the indoor confinement system, outdoor production system uses pasture-based units and/or deep-bedded hoop structures that promote animal welfare and environmental sustainability with a lower capital investment. In accord with the growing concern for animal and environmental welfare and food safety by the consumers, small farmers practicing an outdoor production system are seeing increased opportunities for marketing their products in the pork niche market. Unlike the general belief that the reproductive and growth performance measures of the outdoor sows and piglets are poorer in comparison with the animals reared indoors, studies showed that there was no significant difference in the performance measures, and some traits were even better in outdoor animals. Improved reproductive and production traits can increase the sustainability of outdoor farming. Present study reviewed the recent studies comparing the performance measures, meat quality and health of indoor and outdoor animals, as well as the efforts to improve the outdoor production system through changes in management such as hut types and breed of animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.7
• /
• pp.1007-1016
• /
• 2018

USA beef production is characterized by a diversity of climates, environmental conditions, animal phenotypes, management systems, and a multiplicity of nutritional inputs. The USA beef herd consists of more than 80 breeds of cattle and crosses thereof, and the industry is divided into distinct, but ofttimes overlapping sectors, including seedstock production, cow-calf production, stocker/backgrounding, and feedlot. Exception for male dairy calves, production is predominantly pastoral-based, with young stock spending relatively brief portions of their life in feedlots. The beef industry is very technology driven, utilizing reproductive management strategies, genetic improvement technologies, exogenous growth promoting compounds, vaccines, antibiotics, and feed processing strategies, focusing on improvements in efficiency and cost of production. Young steers and heifers are grain-based diets fed for an average of 5 months, mostly in feedlots of 1,000 head capacity or more, and typically are slaughtered at 15 to 28 months of age to produce tender, well-marbled beef. Per capita beef consumption is nearly 26 kg annually, over half of which is consumed in the form of ground products. Beef exports, which are increasingly important, consist primarily of high value cuts and variety meats, depending on destination. In recent years, adverse climatic conditions (i.e., draught), a shrinking agricultural workforce, emergence of food-borne pathogens, concerns over development of antimicrobial resistance, animal welfare/well-being, environmental impact, consumer perceptions of healthfulness of beef, consumer perceptions of food animal production practices, and alternative uses of traditional feed grains have become increasingly important with respect to their impact on both beef production and demand for beef products. Similarly, changing consumer demographics and globalization of beef markets have dictated changes in the types of products demanded by consumers of USA beef, both domestically and abroad. The industry is highly adaptive, however, and responds quickly to evolving economic signals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.7
• /
• pp.933-950
• /
• 2018

In Japan, Wagyu cattle include four Japanese breeds; Black, Brown, Shorthorn, and Polled. Today, the renowned brand name Wagyu includes not only cattle produced in Japan, but also cattle produced in countries such as Australia and the United States. In recent years, the intramuscular fat percentage in beef (longissimus muscle) from Japanese Black cattle has increased to be greater than 30%. The Japanese Black breed is genetically predisposed to producing carcass lipids containing higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids than other breeds. However, there are numerous problems with the management of this breed including high production costs, disposal of untreated excrement, the requirement for imported feed, and food security risks resulting from various viral diseases introduced by imported feed. The feeding system needs to shift to one that is more efficient, and improves management for farmers, food security for consumers, and the health environment for residents of Japan. Currently, we are developing a metabolic programming and an information and communications technology (ICT, or Interne of Things) management system for Wagyu beef production as future systems. If successful, we will produce safe, high-quality Wagyu beef using domestic pasture resources while solving the problems of how to utilize increasing areas of abandoned agricultural land and to make use of the plant-based feed resources in Japan's mountainous areas.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.54-64
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop $Sulgidduk$ which meets the consumers' taste by using cooked purple sweet potato. The samples of $Sulgidduk$ were prepared with different ratios of cooked purple sweet potato(0, 10, 20, 30, 40%) and analyzed for moisture content, Hunter's color value and texture characteristics and sensory evaluation. The moisture contents of the samples ranged 40.83% to 44.91% The L-value and b-value decreased, while a-value increased, with increasing amounts of cooked purple sweet potato. In the mechanical evaluation of physical properties, hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, gumminess and cohesiveness showed no significant difference with the increasing amount of cooked purple sweet potato. However, chewiness decreased significantly with the increasing amount of cooked purple sweet potato. Based on the quantitative descriptive sensory evaluations on $Sulgidduk$ samples, purple color, sweet potato flavor and taste, sweetness, and moistness significantly increased, while hardness decreased significantly with the increasing amount of cooked purple sweet potato. $Sulgidduk$ added 40% cooked purple sweet potato showed the highest in overall acceptability and the slowest hardening in the textural changes during storage.