• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.103-110
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the microbial status of beverages and desserts containing strawberries sold at coffee outlets in Busan, South Korea. The study sought to identify differencesin types of foodservice management and microbial status of beverages and desserts. Research design and methodology: This study compared microbial status between franchised and single-unit outlets via microbial laboratory tests. In addition, impact of risk factors on microbial status were investigated. We analyzed the data using independent t-tests and chi-square tests. In order to measure the impact of risk factors on microbial status, multiple regression was run. We expected franchised outlets to be more likely to apply food safety practices than single-unit outlets. The principal results: Results of microbial testing showed that franchised outlets had a higher microbial status than single-unit outlets. The results showed that franchise outlets were more inclined to adhere to food safety practices than single-unit outlets when it comes to total number of bacteria however for coliform group results showed otherwise. Major conclusions: These study results suggest that a standard food safety and sanitation manual for coffee outlets is needed, especially for single-unit coffee outlets. The current inspection items should be revised accordingly to ensure customer safety.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

In recent years, rapid-increasing market share of compact cars and SUVs has brought for both consumer and automaker to pay more attention on crash compatibility between the compact passenger vehicles and the light trucks (i.e., Pickups and SUVs). Vehicle compatibility regarding both self and partner protection in frontal crash of different class vehicles is one of hot issues in vehicle safety. Furthermore, it is expected that the amendment of UNECE-Regulation 94 to implement compatibility issues in couple of coming years. In this study, conceptual design of compatibility compliant frontal vehicle structure which subjects to improve? the distribution of frontal crash loading and structural engagement between vehicles is introduced. The effects of proposed vehicle structure on both possible candidates (i.e. FWRB, FWDB and PDB) for a compatibility evaluation test procedure and car-to-car crash are also investigated.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2006

The ability to customize garments for fit in the apparel industry is directly tied to the availability of comprehensive and accurate sets of anthropometrical data for each consumer. The data for apparel sizing systems is available from three major standard/ research organizations: ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), ISO (International Standard Organization), and NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics). However, these standards ignore various head shapes and are outdated for the development future head products. This creates a data gap an ever changing multi-cultural society such as the United Sates. Although major government and industry safety organizations recognize the importance of safety for head products, few studies were found to support their reasoning. The purpose of this study is to provide accurate head dimension data for developing safety head products by analyzing various head shapes in the United Sates which includes various ethnic backgrounds. This study was carried out on 105 males in the United States. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, Moreover, Duncan analysis were all used for analyzing various head shapes.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.15-28
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• 2014

Concern about food safety among consumers is very high at the moment, because many problems related to food safety have occurred, such as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). To improve consumers' reliability about food safety issue, government in every country have tried to set various food policy, and the Korean government has also tried to set consumers at ease about their diet, for instance, food traceability system. The aim of this study is to define consumer perceptions and intention to participation for solar salt traceability system. As the results, consumers generally have positive perception about solar salt traceability system, and the study identifies that attitude, reliability and availability significantly influence intention to participation for solar salt traceability system.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.109-120
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• 2005

A company is liable for its products and has the responsibility to make good on any loss or damage incurred by the user of its product. The purpose of the Product Liability Act(PLA) is to protect consumers against damage caused by defective products, and contribute to the safety of the citizen's life and the sound development of the national economy by regulating the liability of manufacturers, etc. for damages caused by the defectiveness of their products. In this study, the cognition levels of consumers and producers for PLA were surveyed. The cognition levels of four factors of acknowledgement, comprehension, necessity and impact for PLA were assessed. The results were as follows : i) Acknowledgement and comprehension levels of consumer were assessed low but they assessed necessity and impact of PLA high; ii) Producers assessed necessity and impact of PLA higher than their acknowledgement and comprehension levels; iii) Overall cognition levels of producers were higher than those of consumers.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.306-311
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• 2023

As digital advertising continues to dominate the advertising industry and experience substantial growth, associated criminal activities such as advertising fraud and brand safety risks have become increasingly prevalent. Despite the severity and extent of these crimes, the response in Korea has been lackluster, often perceiving them merely as losses in advertising expenses incurred by corporations. However, it is important to note that these issues have direct repercussions on the end-consumer in the form of increased prices for goods and services. Furthermore, illegal and intrusive advertisements not only cause inconvenience to the viewer, but may also indiscriminately target cognitively vulnerable groups, such as children and the elderly, with the intention of manipulating advertising metrics and artificially inflating performance indicators. In this study, we aim to explore the concept and significance of advertising fraud and brand safety, and to evaluate the current measures taken in the Korean market. Additionally, we will delve into the implications of related policies and emphasize the necessity of digital advertising literacy in addressing these issues.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.114-117
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• 2024

A lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery that uses the reversible reduction of lithium ions to store energy and is the predominant battery type in many industrial and consumer electronics. The lithium-ion batteries are essential to ensure they operate safely. We conducted an exposure assessment five days after a fire in a battery-testing facility. We assessed some of the potentially hazardous materials after a lithium-ion battery fire.We sampled total suspended particles, hydrogen fluoride, and lithium with real-time monitoring of particulate matter (PM) 1, 2.5, and 10 micrometers (㎛). The area sampling results indicated that primary potential hazardous materials such as dust, hydrogen fluoride, and lithium were below the recommended limits suggested by the Korean Ministry of Labor and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Values. Based on our assessment, workers were allowed to return to work.

• IE interfaces
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2002

Recent reports studied that injuries or deaths frequently occurred in consumer product accidents by product defects. Broadly speaking, product liability is liability which is imposed upon a manufacturer or other seller for personal injury, death, property damage and/or commercial loss arising with respect to a product or service provided by it. In this study, we want to search a method of prevention against appling PL laws. The way was researching on the level of appreciation of PL law, warning messages's means and design criteria for seller or consumer of child toys. As a result, most people didn't understand PL laws. Although they read them before purchasing child toy, many consumers didn't differentiate means of "Notice", "Warning", and "Danger" in warning messages. In addition, they considered important factors in warning messages as notice warning, safety mark(UL, etc), age recommendation and color in order. This study will be effective to search a method of prevention against PL laws.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.362-365
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• 2001

Human, physical damage is happened frequently to consumer's safety accident by product defect on modern industrial society. Accordingly, advanced nation including the United States of America enforce product liability law and is protecting consumer more actively from danger of product defect. Our country(Korea) may enforce product liability law since July, 2002, and if business does not grope effective confrontation way about PL, capital strength weak smaller enterprise and venture business corporation's competitive power may affect much corporation's competitive power enfeeblement and survival. This research supplement based on induction and operating QMS in smaller enterprise essential factor that corporations must equip according to product liability law enforcement. And we present integration quality management system model of Product liability to do so that smaller enterprises may can cope effectively at force of Product liability law.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.650-655
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• 2009

In this study, a consumer willingness to pays for residential heating systems are estimated by economic valuation method. The major Korean residential heating systems in apartments are central heating system (CH), district heating system (DH), and individual heating system (IH). However, DH and IH systems are adopted in newly constructed apartments. Each heating system has own characteristics which residents can identify and value. 700 households in apartment were surveyed to analyze the preference of the residential heating systems and to estimate willingness to pay. We find that the households in DH system are more satisfied with their heating system than the households in other systems overall and that consumers prefer an apartment with DH system than with IH system and the willingness to pay for IH system is less than DH system. The results indicate that DH system has the relative premium which may be caused by the safety and the convenience to manage the system.