• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.1 s.173
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• pp.144-155
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• 2000

초록 The validity, of a single parameter such as stress intensity, factor K or J-integral in traditional fracture mechanics depends strongly on the geometry, and loading condition. Therefore the second parameter like T-stress measuring the stress constraint is additionally needed to characterize the general crack-tip fields. While many, research works have been done to verify, the J-T description of elastic-plastic crack-tip stress fields in plane strain specimens, limited works (especially. for bimaterials) have been performed to describe the structural surface crack-front stress fields with the two parameters. On this background, via detailed three dimensional finite element analyses for surface-cracked plates and straight pipes of homogeneous materials and bimaterials under various loadings, we investigate the extended validity or limitation of the two parameter approach. We here first develop a full 3D mesh generating program for semi-elliptical surface cracks, and calculate elastic T-stress from the obtained finite element stress field. Comparing the J-T predictions to the elastic-plastic stresses from 3D finite element analyses. we then confirm the extended validity of fracture mechanics methodology based on the J-T two parameters in characterizing the surface crack-front fields of welded plates and pipes under various loadings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1537-1540
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• 2003

MEMS technology with micro scale is complete system utilized as the sensor. micro electro device. The metallization of MEMS is very important to transfer the power operating the sensor and signal induced from sensor part. But in the MEMS structures local stress concentration and deformation is often happened by geometrical shape and different constraint on the metallization. Therefore. this paper studies the effect of supporting type and thickness ratio about thin film thickness of the substrate thickness for the residual stress variation caused by thermal load in the multi-layer thin film. Specimens were made from materials such as Al, Au and Cu and uniform thermal load was applied, repeatedly. The residual stress was measured by FEA and nano-indentation using AFM. Generally, the specimen made of Al induced the large residual stress and the 1st layer made of Al reduced the residual stress about half percent than 2nd layer. Specimen made of Cu and Au being the lower thermal expansion coefficient induce the minimum residual stress. Similarly the lowest indentation length was measured in the Au_Cu specimen by nano-indentation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.117-124
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• 2002

The lightness of components required in automobile and machinery industry is requiring high strength of components. In particular, manufacturing process and new materials development for solving the fatigue fracture problem attendant upon high strength of suspension of automobile are actively advanced. In this paper, the effect of compressive residual stress of spring steel(JISG SUP-9) by shot-peening on fatigue crack growth characteristics in high temperatures($100^{\circ}C,\;150^{\circ}C,\;180^{\circ}C$) was investigated with considering fracture mechanics. So, we can obtain followings. (1) Compressive residual stress is decreased in high temperature, that is, with increasing temperature. (2) The effect of compressive residual stress on fatigue crack growth behavior in high temperature is increased below ${\Delta}K=17{\sim}19MPa\sqrt{m}$. The fatigue crack growth rate is increased with increasing temperature. The fatigue life is decreased with increasing temperature. (3) The dependence of temperature and compressive residual stress on the parameters C and m in Paris' law formed the formulas such as equations (3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10). (4) It was investigated by SEM that the constraint of compress residual stress for plastic zone of fatigue crack tip was decreased in high temperature as compared with room temperature.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.532-538
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• 2004

MEMS technology applying to the sensors and micro-electro devices is complete system. These microsystems are made by variable processes. Especially, the mentallization process has very important functions to transfer the power operating the sensor and signal induced from sensor part. But in the structures of MEMS the local stress concentration and deformation are often yielded by an irregular geometrical shape and different constraint. Therefore, this paper studies the effect of supporting type and thickness ratio about thin film of the substrate on the residual stress variation when the thermal loads is applied to the multi-layer thin film fabricated by metallization process. Specimens were made from several materials such as Al, Au and Cu. Then, uniform thermal load was applied, repeatedly. The residual stress was measured by FE Analysis and nano-indentation method using AFM. Generally, the specimen made of Al induced the larger residual stress than that of made of other materials. Specimen made of Cu and Au having the low thermal expansion coefficient induces the minimum residual stress. Similarly, the lowest indentation length was measured by nano-indentation method in the Si/Au/Cu specimen. Particularly, clusters are created in the specimen made of Cu by thermal load and the indentation length became increasingly large by cluster formation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.83-98
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• 2010

In this paper, the mass optimization of four bar linkages is carried out using genetic algorithms (GA) with single and dual constraints. The single constraint of bending stress and the dual constraints of bending and buckling stresses are imposed. From the movement response of the bar linkage mechanism, the analysis of the mechanism is developed using the combination of kinematics, kinetics, and finite element analysis (FEA). A penalty-based transformation technique is used to convert the constrained problem into an unconstrained one. Lastly, a detailed comparison on the effect of single constraint and of dual constraints is presented.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.9-15
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• 2001

In the case of a crack propagation, a portion of the work of inelastic deformation near the crack tip is dissipated as heat. In order to understand the thermal effect on fracture toughness, tensile test was carried out using thermocouples to monitor the variation of temperature with SA516 Gr70. The experimental results show that the temperature of specimen was increased $3.6^{\circ}C$ at static load condition. And the thermal effect was investigated connected with the steady-state stress in the vicinity of a crack propagation in the elastic-plastic C-T specimen theoretically. And fracture toughness, the energy to make crack surfaces, presented correctively. The fracture toughness with considering heat at the blunting of the crack tip ws lower about 19.3% than that of ignoring heat. So, it is resonable to apply the fracture toughness with considering thermal energy and it would be good explanation for constraint effect depending on the configuration in the presence of excessive plasticity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

In the case of a crack propagation a portion of the work of inelastic deformation near the crack tip is dissipated as heat. In order to understand the thermal effect on fracture toughness, tensile tests were carried out using thermocouples to monitor the variation of temperature. The experimental results show that the temperature of specimen was increased $5.4^{\circ}C$ at static load condition. And the thermal effect is investigated connected with the steady-state stress in the vicinity of a crack propagation in the elastic-plastic C-T specimen theoretically. And fracture toughness, the energy to make crack surfaces, presented correctively. The fracture toughness with considering heat at the blunting of the crack tip is lower about 16.9％ than that of ignoring heat. So, it is resonable to apply the fracture toughness with considering thermal energy and it would be good explanation for constraint effect depending on the configuration in the presence of excessive plasticity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.147-155
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• 1995

Recent experimental studies have been shown that strain gages can be employed to determine either static or dynamic stress intensity factors $K_{I}$ wiht relatively simple experiments. However, it does not usually provide a reliable value of stress intensity factor because of local yielding and limited regions for strain gage placement at the vicinity of the crack tip. This paper attempted to define a valid region and to indicate procedures for locating and orienting the strain gage to determine static toughness $K_{Is}$ accurately form one strain gage readings with respect to varying loadings. The strain gage methods was used for compact tension specimens made of Polycarbonate and PMMA(polymethyl methacrylate). Series expansions of the static and dynamic strain fields are applied. Strain gage orientation and location are then studied to optimize the strain response. Especially, in the dynamic experiment, the specimen employed is an oversized Charpy V-notch specimen which has been modified to provide significant constraint with a large elevation of the flow stress. The impact behavior of the specimen is monitored by placing strain gage near the crack tip. The dynamic toughness $K_{Id}$ is determined from the strain time traces of this gage.e.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1991

This study presents results of thermal stress calculations around the uplifted province within the continental lithosphere. A set of thermal stresses for the uplifted provinces are calculated using by assumption of two dimensions along the extension of the strike. The calculations utilize thermoelastic displacement potential function. Thermal stress distribution-faulting conditions inferred from this study are consistent with the suggested surface heat flow and place an important constraint on the thermal state of the uplifted provinces within the continental lithosphere.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

This work presents a new method to deal with buckling constraints. The mathematical optimization process of truss structures proposed earlier by the author has been proved to be the most rigorous method. The inclusion of buckling constraints, however, gives rise to a new problem The allowable compression stress of a member changes from one design iteration to another. This changing stress limit creates a good deal of noise in selecting active constraints and makes the solution process unstable. This problem can be overcome by introducing relaxation parameters. This work, however, aims at establishing a more rigorous method by containing the allowable compression stress in the left hand side of the associated constraint.