• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.235-245
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• 2021

Objectives: To provide clinical evidence of pharmacopuncture treatment for post-stroke depression by reviewing randomized controlled trials on Traditional Chinese medicine pharmacopuncture for post-stroke depression. Methods: Randomized controlled trials on pharmacopuncture treatment for post-stroke depression were searched from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Literature searches of English and Chinese databases were performed. Selected literature was assessed with the Jadad scale. Results: Twelve papers were selected from 20 studies. The following results were obtained: 1) Pharmacopuncture was used for post-stroke depression; 2) Dengzhan-Xixin was the most used injection medicine for post-stroke depression; 3) BaiHui (GV20) was the most used in pharmacopuncture treatment; 4) Based on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), it was confirmed that all studies using pharmacopunture had significant efficacy. Conclusions: For the treatment of post-stroke depression, Dengzhans-Xixin was commonly used as an injectable medication. Additional research studies on pharmacopuncture including its practical use are needed.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.201-211
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review Korean domestic studies and investigate the research trends of pharmacopuncture therapy on cervical pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods: Domestic studies between February 1999 and May 2020 from four Korean databases were searched with combinations of keywords 'cervical pain', 'traffic accident', 'whiplash injury', and 'pharmacopuncture'. Results: 17 studies were selected for review, including 7 randomized controlled trials, 5 retrospective observational studies, 3 case reports, and 2 non-randomized controlled trials. Each study was reviewed by published year, study type, types of pharmacopuncture solutions, selected acupuncture points, dosage of pharmacopuncture solutions, frequency of treatment, concurrent treatments, outcome measurements, and the effectiveness of pharmacopuncture therapy. The results are as follows: (1) It showed that the total number of published studies had increased slightly in the last 10 years compared to the previous decade. (2) The pharmacopuncture solutions used in the studies were in the following order: Bee-Venom (蜂毒), Jungsongouhyul (中性瘀血), Hwangryunhaedoktang (黃連解毒湯) and Soyeom (消炎). Frequently used acupuncture points were GB20, GV21, A-shi point, GV16, EX-B2, and SI15 in order. (3) The most commonly used total injection dosage was 1.0 cc at a time, and the frequency of treatment was twice a week. (4) Concurrent treatments such as acupuncture, herbal medication, physical therapy and Chuna manual therapy were performed in all 17 studies. (5) Pharmacopuncture therapy showed positive effects on cervical pain caused by traffic accidents in all 17 studies reviewed. Conclusion: Pharmacopuncture therapy was effective in cervical pain caused by traffic accidents in all 17 studies selected. Further studies will be needed using more larger scales and more objective data to confirm the effectiveness of pharmacopuncture therapy and to generalize its application.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.66-90
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• 2022

The radical digital transformation and development of the contactless digital economy in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic are increasing the need to solve various problems such as conflicts of interest among market participants and delays in related laws and regulations. This study investigates the concept and characteristics of the contactless digital economy and identifies the related regulatory issues and resolutions through literature review, news article analysis, and expert interviews. From the literature review, it is identified that the contactless digital economy has eight hyper-innovation characteristics: hyper-intelligence, hyper-connectivity, hyper-convergence, hyper-personalization, hyper-automation, hyper-precision, hyper-diversity, and hyper-trust. From news article analyses and expert interviews, this study identifies various regulatory issues, such as competition between incumbents and new entrants, the collision of constitutional rights, collision of social values, conflict between market participants, absence of laws and regulations, and existence of excessive market power, and then proposes a series of resolutions.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2024

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicine treatment for Colles fractures through a systematic review and to provide evidence for applying herbal medicine treatment. Methods We searched for papers published from January 1, 2018 to October 18, 2023, in PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure based on the keyword 'Colles fracture', 'Chinese traditional medicine', 'Chinese medicine', 'herbal medicine', 'drugs, chinese herbal', 'kampo', 'decoction', 'capsule', 'powder'. Results A total of 51 studies were searched at first research. Then the studies were screening according to the criteria, and 13 studies were finally selected. The oriental medical intervention analyzed in this study was an orally administered herbal medicine. Conclusions Studies have shown that herbal medicine has a significant effect on Colles fractures. However, all studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias. In the future, further well-designed studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of herbal medicine for Colles fractures and reduce the risk of bias.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.615-624
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• 2004

UL-syndrome(鬱證) is a syndrome of emotional depression and various physical symptoms generally due to chronic psychological stress, without constitutional abnormality. These are cases of female patients suffering from headache, chest discomfort, heart burning, insomnia, dyspepsia, anorexia, fatigue and some other minor symptoms due to chronic stress. We diagnosed these cases as UL-syndrome and treated them with oriental medicine, specifically Gamisoyosan(加味逍遙散). This paper describes the symptoms that the patients suffered, the treatment used, and identifies stages in the development of UL-syndrome, and suggests a stage in which Gamisoyosan is efficacious.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1152-1168
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to present several proposals for future pulse diagnosis practice and research by investigating the trend of pulse diagnosis studies in Korea. Methods: We searched online medical databases, including National Discovery for Science Leaders (NDSL), the Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), and the Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal (KTKP), for pulse diagnosis articles in Korea. We selected articles on pulse diagnosis but excluded duplicate articles, articles irrelevant to pulse diagnosis, and articles published in foreign countries. Results: In the first screening, 801 articles were selected. We found 251 articles and classified them according to category. The medical engineering field had 148 articles. A total of 24 articles were related to algorithms for pulse wave detection, 34 to sensors, five to pressurization technology, 16 to systems, 11 to remote medical service, five to mobiles, nine to trends, and 44 to basic research. The Korean medicine field had 103 articles. A total of 41 articles were devoted to literature reviews, 20 to case reports, 11 to constitutional medicine, six to experimental studies, and 25 to relevant research. Conclusion: More efforts to practice pulse diagnosis for various diseases should be made and the results actively published.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

A bibliographical review of Gy sampling theory for particulate materials was conducted to provide readers with useful means to reduce errors in soil contamination investigation. According to the Gy theory, the errors caused by the heterogeneous nature of soil include; the fundamental error (FE) caused by physical and chemical constitutional heterogeneity, the grouping and segregation error (GE) aroused from gravitational force, long-range heterogeneous fluctuation error ($CE_2$), the periodic heterogeneity fluctuation error ($CE_3$), and the materialization error (ME) generated during physical process of sample treatment. However, the accurate estimation of $CE_2$ and $CE_3$ cannot be estimated easily and only increasing sampling locations can reduce the magnitude of the errors. In addition, incremental sampling is the only method to reduce GE while grab sampling should be avoided as it introduces uncertainty and errors to the sampling process. Correct preparation and operation of sampling tools are important factors in reducing the incremental delimitation error (DE) and extraction error (EE) which are resulted from physical processes in the sampling. Therefore, Gy sampling theory can be used efficiently in planning a strategy for soil investigations of non-volatile and non-reactive samples.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.3-18
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• 2020

In the growing digitalized world, the European Union implemented the General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR) to establish a comprehensive data protection framework across member states. Given the constitutional roots of GDPR, the EU's regulatory approach is different than other data protection regimes. The new regulation has strengthened individual rights to data protection, but it also introduced several obligations for businesses that collect and process personal data. We review the existing literature on privacy, particularly GDPR, from a policy perspective. The evidence outlines data regulation's effects on competition, innovation, marketing activities, and cross-border data flows. The discussion highlights the tradeoffs between increased regulation of data protection and its effects on the market.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.48-54
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• 2017

Public holidays are periods set aside by nations or states to observe particular events like national days, independence anniversary or religious festivals. These days are different from the usual periods of statutory leave or vacation provided for workers in the collective agreement or rule of engagement at the point of entry. These periods of leave enjoyed by workers include annual vacation, casual leave, sick leave, maternity leave, paternity leave and others as may be recognized within an establishment. Individual worker's period of leave is personal and at the discretion of the worker or the organization as the case may be, but public holidays involve the stoppage of work by the entire workforce within the period it would last. Nigeria observes many public holidays some of which, at times, are unplanned for by the people. This has attracted arguments for and against on the basis that these holidays are too many and detrimental to productivity and the national economy. Using secondary data, this paper examines the issue and opines that there is the need to review these public holidays with a view to halting their negative effects on the nation's economy. Also, measures to manage these holidays in line with constitutional provisions are espoused.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2021

This article aims to introduce German discussion on the approval of the non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD), which started with the development of PrenaTest^® by LifeCodexx AG. The discussion started with the concern that the non-invasive nature of NIPD, such as PrenaTest^®, may rapidly expand the use and scope of similar tests, thus leading to a new era of eugenics. Based on this concern, the need for clear clinical guidelines on specific indications for NIPD has been suggested. Along the same line, it was discussed whether PrenaTest^® is against the Basic Law prohibiting discrimination on grounds of disability and whether the test is outside the scope of the purpose of gene testing limited by Genetic Diagnosis Act. Through such discussion, the Federal Ministry of Health of Germany established the preconditions for inclusion of NIPD in the German public health insurance system. For this, the German motherhood guideline was amended and the information for the insured persons provided to pregnant women was included in the amended guideline. Such discussion made in Germany provides insight on which points should be considered when various gene testings are accepted in Korea, in which genetic communication has not been systematized yet. In particular, German counseling system for pregnant women will provide valuable insights for Korea where the direction for regulations on abortion has not been established even after the ruling by the Constitutional Court that charges for abortion are against the constitution.