• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.675-683
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of constipation nutrition knowledge on dietary fiber and frequency of dietary fiber foods intake of 3rd grade high school girls in Kangnung and Seoul. The total 412 questionnaires were analyzed. Defecation frequency was irregular in 47.6% of the students 21.6% had less than twice a week. Those who were in a hurry during defecation frequency was irregular in 47.6% of the students 21.6% had less than twice a week. Those who were in a hurry during defecation were 57.9% and those spent more than 10 min. for defecation were 21.8% More than half of the students(56.6%) answered to have constipation and 13.8% had taken laxative pills more than once during the last one month period. The nutrition knowledge score was relatively high 7.63 points out of possible 10. Dietary fiber intake scores measured by food frequency questionnaire were 3.78 for fruits 3.71 points out of possible 10. Dietary fiber food intake scores measured by food frequency questionnaire were 3.78 for fruits 3.71 for vegetables and 3.37 for seaweeds meaning taken once a week to 2-3 times per month. For the diagnosis of defecation difficulty a factor called "constipation index" was introduced which was composed of defecation frequency time spending for defecation easiness in defecation and feeling of residue in the intestine after defecation. The Cronbach a coefficient of constipation index was 71. Constipation index was significantly correlated with stress level(p<0.05) haste during defecation(p<.01) and defecation time(p<.01) The higher the stress level the more hurry during defecation and the later the defecation the higher the constipation index. The students who ate more often vegetables and seaweeds had lower constipation index(p<.05, p<.01)05, p<.01)

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effects of Jungjangyobup on children's constipation. Methods: We treated the 5 case with Jungjangyobup, one of retention enema therapies with Gwakhyangjunggisan. We observed its effects since March 2010 up to November 2011. Results 4 cases out of 5 cases improved constipation and other constipation-related symptomssuch as vomiting, and abdominal pain. Conclusions: This study has shown that oriental medical treatment on children's constipation was effective. The more clinical cases like this case might be needed to confirm this effectiveness of Jungjangyobup.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.sup1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

Constipation is one of the most common symptoms that a child visits pediatrician. The general approach to the child with functional constipation includes the following steps; disimpaction, maintenance and withdrawal of medication. There are many drugs which can be applied to children; osmotic agents (lactulose, sorbitol, magnesium hydroxide/citrate, polyethylene glycol with/without electrolytes, sodium phosphate, glycerin), stimulants (senna, bisacodyl, caster oil), lubricant (mineral oil), bulking agent (psyllium, cellulose, glucomannan). At each stage of treatment, one or some of these drug can be applied to the purpose. The author tries to summarize recent studies on drugs for constipation in child, and finally introduces new dugs for constipation which is under investigation.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2005

Functional constipation is regarded as a long-standing symptomatic manifestation of abnormal defecation expressed by either a reduced frequency of bowel movements and /or an altered act of evacuation. Patients with constipation can be treated with laxatives, diets and regular habits. Thorough evaluation of functional constipation is considered in those in whom conservative treatment with dietary advice and use of laxatives fails. Patients with normal colonic transit and normal anorectal function may only need reassurance, education and dietary advice with fiber supplementation. For constipated patients in whom such treatment modalities fail, laxatives including bulk-forming and osmotic agents may be used Although most laxatives, if used intermittently, are relatively safe, they must be chosen bearing in mind possible side effects, patient compliance and their action mechanisms. A subgroup of patients with slow transit through the colon ay be unresponsive to conventional laxatives, and, in these subjects, a trial with enteroprokinetics and sometimes stimulant laxatives should be attempted. This article presents our view of the assessment and pharmacologic treatment of functional constipation.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.600-607
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship among health promotion behavior, perceived stress and constipation. Method: The subjects of this study consisted of 212 female university students. The data was collected using questionnaires from October to December, 2003 and analyzed t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficients using SAS. Result: The subjects with difficulties in bowel elimination were 57.6% and there was a significant negative correlation between health promotion behavior and constipation. Conclusion: Data from this study suggest that constipation is an important health problem among female university students and needs further research to understand factors related to constipation.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.31-40
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• 2015

Objectives: The study investigated constipation in male and female high school students and in order to provide data base for development of education and intervention programs aimed at preventing and managing constipation in high school students. Methods: The study used a technique of convenience sampling to mobilize the entire students in an academic high school in D region. Of the combined 360 copies of questionnaire distributed, 340 copies were collected and used for the final analysis. The gathered data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and ${\chi}^2-test$ in SPSS 21. Results: The ratio of female students with constipation is significantly higher than that of male students with the condition(${\chi}^2=5.73$, p=0.017), and there were significant differences in exercise habits(${\chi}^2=26.75$, p<0.001), eating habits(${\chi}^2=43.19$, p<0.001), and bowel habits(${\chi}^2=22.96$, p<0.001) between female students and male students. Also there was significant difference in water intake between the normal group and the constipation group(${\chi}^2=10.01$, p=0.040). Significant differences between the two groups were also discovered in the level of perception of constipation(${\chi}^2=98.76$, p<0.001), bowel movement time(${\chi}^2=15.74$, p=0.008), and use of laxatives(${\chi}^2=17.68$, p<0.001) and enema(${\chi}^2=16.97$, p<0.001) for constipation relief. Conclusions: To prevent and manage constipation in high school students, education about healthy dietary, and bowel habits is required. Also there is an urgent need to improve the school toilet environment in order to respect the rights of students to void or defecate when necessary, a process which will require involvement of students, teachers, and other school staff.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.634-641
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• 1996

In order to study the prevalence of constipation among female college students in Korean and the effect of yogurt, 3,243 students in Seoul area were surveyed by questionnaires for the status of stool evacuation and 197 students with possible constipation were sampled and fed apple yogurt II from Pasteur dairy Company for 3-weeks period. Students of constipation amounted to a high ratio of 53.4%, which consisted of 13.4% in heavy constipation (1-2 times evacuation per week) and 40.0% in mild constipation(3-4times evacuation per week) during the past one-year period. To 90 of heavy constipation and 107 of mild constipation students were fed 290ml of yogurt every morning for 3-weeks period and examined for the status of stool evacuation by subsequent after 1 weeks, 57.9% after 2 weeks and 60.4% after 3 weeks(p<0.05). The effect of improvement in stool frequency was greater in heavy group than in mild group through the 3-weeks period. The number of students who experienced the disappearance of inconvenience in evacuation after drinking the yogurt was 52.3% after 1 weeks, 72.1% after 2 weeks and 76.1% after 3 weeks. Discomfort such as stomach disorder and mild diarrhea during the drinking period was observed in 24% students and it appeared that a longer drinking period was needed stool frequency was 38.7% after 1 week and 37.6% after 1 month since discontinuing yogurt drinking. The number of students reverted to the previous habit of evacuation after discontinuing was 51.6% after 1 week and 63.5% after 1 month, which were not significantly different between heavy and mild groups(p>0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.640-646
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• 2018

Cassia obtusifolia L. is commonly used as medicinal foods to treat gastrointestinal disease in many countries. This study evaluated the anti-constipation effects of ethanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia L. in rats with loperamide-induced constipation. Diffferent concentrations of ethanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia L. (0, 10, 250, and 500 mg/kg) was administered to rat orally once daily for 3 weeks following loperamide treatment. Six-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (N=25) were randomly divided into five groups: normal control and experimental groups and injected loperamide intraperitoneally to induce constipation in the latter four experimental groups. Following the induction of loperamide-induced constipation, a marked decrease was observed in the fecal weight and water content discharged for over 1 week and intestinal transit time while an increase was observed in the number of fecal pellets remaining in the colonic lumen as compared with the normal control group. These conditions were significantly alleviated following the administration of the two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia L. when compared to the loperamide-treated (constipation control) group. More specifically, the number of fecal pellets in the colon was 3, 5, 4, 2.8, and 1.2 in the five groups, respectively and the corresponding GIT ratio was 70.77, 56.59, 58.67, 66.81, and 72.10%, respectively. The fecal water content, transit distance, and GIT ratio in the high-dose treatment group were significantly higher than that in the medium-dose treatment group, but a significant decrease in the number of fecal pellets in the colon. In conclusion, the Cassia obtusifolia L. extract is suggested to have beneficial effects as a therapeutic and preventive strategy to alleviate constipation and to relieve the symptoms of constipation such as pain, flatulence, distention, bloating, and unpleasant taste.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.147-162
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate splenic constipation syndrome(脾約證) in Shanghanlun by comparing 179 & 247 provisions. Methods : Including Shanghanlun, several texts which contain Cheng Wu-ji, Wan Mi-zhai, Qian Huang, Zhu Gong, Fang You-zhi, Yu Jia-yan, Zhang Lu, Cheng Ying-mao, Zhang Xi-ju, Chen Xiu-yuan, Wu Qian, Xu Ling-tai, You Zai-jing, Zhu Dan-xi's opinion about the splenic constipation syndrome were chosen and comparative consideration was carried out. Results & Conclusions : The following conclusions could be drawn. 247 provisions in Shanghanlun is different from 179 provisions because the beginning of the each splenic constipation syndrome is different. The difference between 179 & 247 provisions are proved by comparing Mild Purgative Decoction which is used Taiyangyangming splenic constipation syndrome and Fructus Cannabis Pill which is used Dorsal pedal pulse splenic constipation syndrome. Cheng Wu-ji's opinion that 179 & 247 provisions is different is meaningful because he is first investigated the different beginning of the splenic constipation syndrome. Several annotator's opinion which oppose Cheng Wu-ji is majority and they set a high value on Jangbu(臟腑) factor. Several annotator's opinion which agree Cheng Wu-ji is minority and they set a high value on splenic constipation syndrome also begins from Taiyangbing. The concept of overlapping of Taiyangyangming is different from the concept of Taiyangyangming. Consequently 179 & 247 provisions has to be distinguished.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2008

1. Objectives Constipation is a common symptom affecting 16.5% of general population in Korean countries. However, many people are looking for constipation due to the hospital. The clinical studies in herbal medicine to cure rectal tenesmus and constipation caused by the stress of the case. 2. Methods We have tried researching effect of herbal medicines(Chungpyesagan - tang and kalkunseunggi-tang) treatments to Stress caused by Taeumin rectal tenesmus and constipation patient. 3. Results A Taeumin patient diagnosed to rectal tenesmus and constipation was treated with Taeumin herbal medicines (Kalkunseunggi - tang treatments) and change of patient's the feces number of times and abdomen discomfort were improved. 4. Conclusions The cause of constipation variety as was treatments is various. The constitutional treatment with Kalkunseunggi - tang may have an effect on management of constipation. So we report the healing process and results of this patient in this study.